{ "meta": { "title": "Napoleon & the marshals, by dispatch", "subtitle": "A campaign in correspondence", "start": "1796-06-14", "end": "1815-08-01", "scope": "245 unique selected letters, 14 June 1796–1 August 1815, with command context from 26 October 1795. Davout appears in 118, Lannes in 72, Napoleon in 151, Berthier in 89 and Murat in 30; shared appearances remain one document. The October 1806 Napoleonica batch adds 53 documents and links 12 retained documents to the modern edition; all 192 earlier letters remain. Fourteen chapters retain command and service context. Focused readings cover the October campaign and selected 1805–07 headquarters and cavalry correspondence. This is sparse and uneven source coverage, not complete correspondence, a continuous itinerary or a measure of activity.", "limitations": [ "Selected passages and datelines were checked in printed scans of correspondence editions, documentary campaign histories, biography and family-edited Davout material. Some are editorial extracts rather than complete letters. Other records were checked against web transcriptions only; each letter carries its own evidence label. No autograph manuscripts were examined.", "A date is the date written, not the date delivered. Adjacent documents are not automatically a question and reply.", "Orders, reports, intended movements and modern editorial summaries remain distinct. Contemporary claims are attributed rather than treated as independently confirmed.", "Zichlin’s modern identity, the exact headquarters bivouac near Jena and the 26 December Czarnowo dateline remain unresolved; those writing places have no map pin.", "The connecting trail orders recorded places. It does not reconstruct roads, courier routes, daily positions or the positions of every unit.", "The 1885 outgoing sequence jumps from 7 to 11 February 1807. This is a gap in that edition, not evidence that Davout wrote no letters on 8–10 February or that none survives elsewhere. Eylau is presented as a separate context entry.", "Davout’s winter incoming selection contains six letters from Napoleon. It is thematic and incomplete; it does not imply that he was Davout’s only correspondent.", "Within a day, letters with stated times are listed before letters with no stated time. This is a browsing convention, not proof of their exact order; dateline hours are not converted to a modern time zone.", "Before the October Napoleonica expansion, the retained 1806 Lannes sample contained ten outgoing letters and nine incoming Napoleon letters; the existing Davout-to-Lannes letter appears once in the combined collection. It is not a representative sample of his whole correspondence.", "Lanes and direction labels follow the sender and recipient, so one shared document can belong to two participant lanes without being counted twice. Unequal coverage or an empty lane does not establish inactivity; dates mark writing, not delivery.", "Foucart’s reproduced letters sometimes contain editorial omissions. Acknowledgements by date do not establish a unique reply when more than one letter could match.", "The earlier extension adds 31 selected letters from 1803–1805. Five lack a writing-place dateline in the inspected edition; they remain readable without map pins. An editorial chronological heading may supply a year, but such assignments are disclosed in the individual record.", "Ranks change: Bonaparte is a general in 1798, First Consul from November 1799, then Emperor from May 1804. Davout and Lannes become marshals in May 1804. Later titles are not projected backwards.", "Napoleon’s lane follows selected direct letters to or from Davout, Lannes, Murat and Berthier. Berthier-issued orders remain Berthier’s letters even when issued by Napoleon’s command; no whole imperial correspondence is implied.", "Lannes’s late-night intelligence of 12 October 1805 was disputed in Murat’s subsequent report. The document’s own date takes precedence over a chapter headed 13 October; its reported enemy movements are not established facts.", "The 1798–1802 extension adds 19 selected letters:15 selected passages/datelines checked against printed scans and 4 against web transcriptions. Later printed editions and a family-edited collection are not autograph manuscripts. Evidence labels identify the distinction per letter.", "Republican-calendar dates follow the conversions in the cited edition where supplied; Davout’s dates were separately checked against a calendar table. The Toulon scan reads 16 floréal VIII (6 May 1800), correcting an OCR reading of 10. Editorial chronology supplies the 1799 year of the 2 December Lannes extract, with the inference disclosed.", "The printed Camp de Belbia dateline remains unresolved. Two personal/political letters have no reproduced writing town. These records remain readable without map pins. A retrospective 1798 honour recalling Arcole is not a 1796 dispatch.", "The Egyptian selection is particularly sparse. Dotted connections across the Mediterranean do not establish a voyage, coastwise itinerary, continuous presence or courier journey. Cairo is Bonaparte’s writing origin, not evidence of Lannes’s position.", "Source gaps excluded from the selection include contradictory dates for early Lannes letters, orders merely issued in Bonaparte’s name, and a promotion relating to Charles Davout rather than Louis-Nicolas. No letters were invented to fill the earlier years.", "The command-beginnings extension adds four scan-checked dispatches and twelve separately labelled contextual milestones. Milestones are not correspondence records and do not add map positions. Modern historical chronology and biography are distinguished from printed appointment/order evidence in the accompanying provenance.", "Davout’s 1800 army-cavalry command is an earlier broad-command precursor; the 28 August 1803 Bruges appointment explicitly establishes a three-division corps. The appointment decision and Berthier’s 29 August notification are different dates. Berthier’s signature is not reassigned to Napoleon.", "Lannes became a marshal on 19 May 1804. His 1800 advance guard was not a numbered army corps. The earliest formal numbered-corps appointment established here is 22 March 1805; the 29 August organisational order is evidence of V Corps command, not an asserted appointment date. An inconsistent 1803 Ambleteuse claim has been excluded.", "Napoleon’s army-command context begins in 1795, but the earliest actual letter selected is 14 June 1796. It addresses Lannes as chef de brigade, a colonel-equivalent rank. The punitive order is reported as an instruction, not proof that arrests or burning took place.", "Related milestone dates and a sparse selected dispatch do not prove the exact first act performed in office. Davout’s Mincio anchor is retrospective, with the year supplied by the campaign context; the selection does not invent a battle-day letter.", "The later-service extension adds 47 selected documents. All 118 previous letter records are retained. Each new document identifies printed-scan, manuscript-image or web-transcription checking as applicable; no complete archive search or last-ever-letter claim is made.", "Lannes’s terminal markers distinguish wounding at Aspern-Essling on 22 May 1809 from death on 31 May. His empty later lane is not merely missing coverage. Deathbed speeches and correspondence to his widow are not treated as direct letters to him.", "Napoleon’s active-service endpoint is his second abdication on 22 June 1815. The 1814 interruption and 1815 return are separate context markers. No exile correspondence is added, and a general bulletin or an order signed by Berthier is not relabelled as Napoleon’s direct letter.", "Davout’s 26 July 1815 release from command, 31 July circular and explicit 1 August report of handing over to Macdonald are related but different documentary dates. The displayed endpoint follows the dated handover report, not the 24 July proscription. Later restoration of honours and peerage is not a resumption of the active command traced here.", "Some later letters are extracts embedded in a printed biography, with no reproduced writing town. They remain readable but unplotted. The displayed place is a sender dateline or separately evidenced location, never an ordered destination or proof of receipt.", "Modern town aliases and coordinates are approximate orientation. Long lines over years, including through Russia, do not establish exact marches, routes, continuous presence or an exchange’s delivery time.", "The Berthier extension retains all 165 earlier letter records and exposes 42 existing exchanges in his lane. It adds 14 selected records involving Berthier and Davout or Lannes in 1805–07. Lane memberships overlap; they are not additional documents.", "A Berthier order issued by command of the Emperor retains Berthier as sender. A printed signature, editorial heading and autograph manuscript are different evidence states; the individual notes identify what was checked. The later October 1806 batch adds direct Napoleon–Berthier correspondence as a separately sourced selection.", "Berthier’s 1805–07 reading entrance describes a research window, not his appointment or retirement. Existing earlier and later reports to him remain available; no full service endpoint is inferred from the final selected letter.", "The Berlin sequence distinguishes Berthier’s instruction, Davout’s report to headquarters and his separate letter to Lannes. It documents an order and a precedence dispute; it does not establish a close friendship, a lasting feud, or the exact arrival times of the messages.", "The Murat extension retains all 179 earlier records and exposes three existing letters to him. It adds 13 selected records in 1805–07. Subsequent browser verification corrected source-navigation links in five earlier records and six additions; all other earlier record fields remain identical. Overlapping lane memberships are not additional documents.", "Murat’s cavalry reading combines reports and orders, including intelligence that could be uncertain or disputed. Contemporary claims, intended movements and reported events are attributed; an ordered march or pursuit does not establish its execution.", "Murat’s first reading window is 1805–07. It does not reconstruct his whole service, his later kingdom of Naples or his death; an empty later lane is a source gap, not a career endpoint.", "Source-link correction, 27 October 2026: both Foucart Pologne scans number raw leaves from 1, whereas the Archive reader’s n-index starts at 0. Eleven letters now use unique printed-page URLs, with quotation and heading links kept separate. Checked quotations, dates, summaries and translations are unchanged; the correction concerns navigation only.", "The October 1806 batch comprises 65 Napoleon-authored records to Berthier (30), Murat (16), Davout (10) and Lannes (9), selected from Napoleonica’s catalogue and checked against individual edited transcriptions. Twelve match retained documents and gain a second source witness; 53 are new. All 192 earlier records and their quotations, translations and original source links remain unchanged.", "Napoleonica is the Fondation Napoléon’s edition of Napoleon’s correspondence. It is not a complete collection of all the marshals’ outgoing correspondence. Letters from the other cited editions remain valuable independent coverage.", "Modern-edition checking is not manuscript inspection. Variants between the main text, minutes and earlier editions remain explicit. CG6-13246 has conflicting Ebersdorf/Schleiz datelines and no map pin; approximate hours are not silently made exact. Datelines establish writing origins, never an ordered destination or the recipient’s presence." ], "themeNote": "Each dispatch has one editorial main theme to help scanning. Letters often discuss several subjects; the symbol does not classify every passage or verify its claims.", "timelineStart": "1795-10-26", "timelineEnd": "1815-08-01" }, "people": [ { "id": "davout", "name": "Louis-Nicolas Davout", "role": "General, then Marshal from May 1804; corps and army commander, Minister of War in 1815; Army of the Loire handover documented on 1 August 1815" }, { "id": "friant", "name": "Louis Friant", "role": "General; division commander in the 3rd Corps" }, { "id": "berthier", "name": "Louis-Alexandre Berthier", "role": "General and minister of war; Marshal from 1804 and major general of the Grande Armée" }, { "id": "napoleon", "name": "Napoleon Bonaparte", "role": "Army commander from 1795; First Consul from November 1799; Emperor 1804–1814 and March–June 1815; second abdication 22 June 1815" }, { "id": "lannes", "name": "Jean Lannes", "role": "Chef de brigade (colonel-equivalent) in 1796, later general and envoy; Marshal from May 1804 and corps commander; wounded 22 May and died 31 May 1809" }, { "id": "jerome", "name": "Jérôme Bonaparte", "role": "Prince; commander of the allied corps" }, { "id": "imperial-hq", "name": "Imperial headquarters", "role": "Order issued in Napoleon’s name; signature not reproduced in the inspected transcription" }, { "id": "murat", "name": "Joachim Murat", "role": "Cavalry commander; Marshal from 1804 and Grand Duke of Berg from 1806" }, { "id": "oudinot", "name": "Nicolas-Charles Oudinot", "role": "General; addressed as General Oudinot in May 1804" }, { "id": "gueheneuc", "name": "M. Guéhéneuc", "role": "Lannes’s father-in-law; recipient of the 10 November 1803 letter", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n117/mode/1up", "notes": "The inspected passage uses M. Guéhéneuc. No unverified expansion of the given name is supplied." }, { "id": "louise-lannes", "name": "Louise Lannes", "role": "Lannes’s wife; recipient of personal letters", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n161/mode/1up", "notes": "The editor addresses her as la maréchale; the quoted letter calls her Louise. Her married name is used across the record." }, { "id": "boyer", "name": "Boyer", "role": "Adjudant general; recipient addressed at Suez in January 1800", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchaldavout00eckmgoog/page/n379/mode/1up", "notes": "Given names not expanded from the printed heading." }, { "id": "war-minister", "name": "Minister of War", "role": "Office named in the May and August 1800 recipient headings", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchaldavoutp01bloc/page/n81/mode/1up", "notes": "The printed headings do not name the office-holder. This office node must not be silently merged with Berthier." }, { "id": "vaularee", "name": "Vaularée", "role": "Recipient addressed as citoyen Vaularée", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/blocqueville-le-marechal-davout-prince-d-eckmuhl-v-2/page/n18/mode/1up", "notes": "Given names and the exact petition subject are not established here." }, { "id": "martigue", "name": "Martigue", "role": "Chef d’escadron attached to the 4th Chasseurs, as printed in November 1800", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchaldavoutp01bloc/page/n61/mode/1up", "notes": "Given names not expanded from the printed heading." }, { "id": "baron-6-dragoons", "name": "Baron", "role": "Chef de brigade commanding the 6th Dragoons, as printed in April 1801", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/blocqueville-le-marechal-davout-prince-d-eckmuhl-v-2/page/n22/mode/1up", "notes": "Baron is retained as the printed surname, not interpreted as a noble title." }, { "id": "aimee-davout", "name": "Aimée Davout", "role": "Davout’s wife; recipient of the April 1802 personal letter", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/blocqueville-le-marechal-davout-prince-d-eckmuhl-v-2/page/n45/mode/1up", "notes": "Relationship identified in the editorial introduction and supported by the personal letter; no sender location inferred from her stay at Pontoise." }, { "id": "clarke", "name": "Clarke, duc de Feltre", "role": "Minister of War; recipient of the 15 April 1810 letter", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced00davogoog/page/n197/mode/1up", "notes": "The letter’s heading names the office and duc de Feltre title. The standard identification is Clarke; given names are not expanded here." }, { "id": "macdonald", "name": "Macdonald, duc de Tarente", "role": "Marshal; recipient in June 1812 and successor in the Army of the Loire in August 1815", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced00davogoog/page/n374/mode/1up", "notes": "The 1812 heading uses duc de Tarente. The 1815 handover letter and Mazade’s note on p. 636 identify his succession; the SHD inventory also dates his Loire correspondence from 1 August 1815." }, { "id": "daru", "name": "Comte Daru", "role": "Recipient of Davout’s April 1815 clothing and supply instructions", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced02davogoog/page/n450/mode/1up", "notes": "Count’s title and surname are retained from the printed heading without adding an unverified precise departmental appointment." }, { "id": "massena", "name": "Masséna, prince d’Essling", "role": "Marshal; recipient of the 30 June 1815 request concerning the National Guard in Paris", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced02davogoog/page/n590/mode/1up", "notes": "The printed heading uses prince d’Essling; standard identification with Masséna is supplied as the person label." }, { "id": "gouvion-saint-cyr", "name": "Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr", "role": "Minister of War in July–August 1815", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleon.org/histoire-des-2-empires/biographies/gouvion-saint-cyr-laurent-marquis-de-1764-1830-marechal/", "notes": "The selected letters address the minister of war without a personal name. Fondation Napoléon’s biographical notice identifies Gouvion Saint-Cyr as holding the office from 8 July to 25 September 1815. This identity is a documented contextual resolution, not a name printed in these recipient headings." } ], "places": [ { "id": "berlin", "name": "Berlin", "lat": 52.52, "lon": 13.405, "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin", "coordinate_source_revision_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1380979968", "coordinate_source_note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Some individual datelines say Berlin outskirts; others say Berlin. The shared city marker supplies approximate geographic context only and does not locate a camp or exact headquarters.", "note": "Some individual datelines say Berlin outskirts; others say Berlin. The shared city marker supplies approximate geographic context only and does not locate a camp or exact headquarters. Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "bamberg", "name": "Bamberg", "lat": 49.8914, "lon": 10.8869, "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg", "coordinate_source_revision_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1379380650", "coordinate_source_note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "paris", "name": "Paris", "lat": 48.8567, "lon": 2.3522, "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris", "coordinate_source_revision_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1380227587", "coordinate_source_note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "poznan", "name": "Poznań", "lat": 52.4083, "lon": 16.9336, "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozna%C5%84", "coordinate_source_revision_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1381423314", "coordinate_source_note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "wittenberg", "name": "Wittenberg", "lat": 51.8671, "lon": 12.6484, "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wittenberg", "coordinate_source_revision_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1377635131", "coordinate_source_note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "frankfurt-oder", "name": "Frankfurt (Oder)", "lat": 52.3419, "lon": 14.5517, "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_(Oder)", "coordinate_source_revision_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1377564241", "coordinate_source_note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "naumburg", "name": "Naumburg", "lat": 51.15, "lon": 11.8167, "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naumburg", "coordinate_source_revision_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1378186501", "coordinate_source_note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "possneck", "name": "Pößneck", "lat": 50.7, "lon": 11.6, "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B6%C3%9Fneck", "coordinate_source_revision_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1379182926", "coordinate_source_note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "eckartsberga", "name": "Eckartsberga", "lat": 51.1167, "lon": 11.55, "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eckartsberga", "coordinate_source_revision_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1378785450", "coordinate_source_note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "The dateline says a bivouac at Eckartsberg. The city marker supplies area context only; it does not locate the camp or battlefield.", "note": "The dateline says a bivouac at Eckartsberg. The city marker supplies area context only; it does not locate the camp or battlefield. Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "duben", "name": "Bad Düben", "lat": 51.5919, "lon": 12.5853, "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_D%C3%BCben", "coordinate_source_revision_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1377572367", "coordinate_source_note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "sompolno", "name": "Sompolno", "lat": 52.4111, "lon": 18.5028, "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sompolno", "coordinate_source_revision_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1376879749", "coordinate_source_note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "zychlin", "name": "Zichlin (modern location unresolved)", "lat": null, "lon": null, "coordinate_source_url": null, "coordinate_source_note": "Multiple modern Żychlins. A Polish secondary transcription annotates this letter as Żychlin near Konin, while historical name gazetteers also associate Zichlin with Żychlin near Kutno. No map marker is assigned.", "mapping_status": "unresolved; do not plot", "ambiguity_source_urls": [ "https://napoleon.org.pl/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&sid=7cd7563b20d45acb8184d60833d9d633&start=10&t=76&view=print", "https://sggee.org/research/Gazetteer_Congress_Poland.pdf" ], "note": "Multiple modern Żychlins. A Polish secondary transcription annotates this letter as Żychlin near Konin, while historical name gazetteers also associate Zichlin with Żychlin near Kutno. No map marker is assigned." }, { "id": "weimar", "name": "Weimar", "lat": 50.9811, "lon": 11.3294, "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar", "coordinate_source_revision_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1377984856", "coordinate_source_note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "scope": "Additional place requested for incoming correspondence", "note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "potsdam", "name": "Potsdam", "lat": 52.4006, "lon": 13.0592, "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam", "coordinate_source_revision_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1381545523", "coordinate_source_note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "scope": "Additional place requested for incoming correspondence", "note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "halle", "name": "Halle (Saale)", "lat": 51.4828, "lon": 11.9697, "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halle_(Saale)", "coordinate_source_revision_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1381474233", "coordinate_source_note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "scope": "Additional place requested for incoming correspondence", "note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "auma", "name": "Auma", "lat": 50.7, "lon": 11.9, "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auma", "coordinate_source_revision_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1377529096", "coordinate_source_note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "scope": "Additional place requested for incoming correspondence", "note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "wurzburg", "name": "Würzburg", "lat": 49.7833, "lon": 9.9333, "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg", "coordinate_source_revision_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1379499517", "coordinate_source_note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "scope": "Additional place requested for incoming correspondence", "note": "Public city coordinate fetched from the English Wikipedia API on 2026-10-24; rounded to 4 decimal places. Approximate town marker only, not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "jena-bivouac", "name": "Bivouac near Jena (site unspecified)", "lat": null, "lon": null, "note": "The heading gives a bivouac one and a half historical leagues from Jena. Its precise location has not been established; no marker is plotted." }, { "id": "warsaw", "name": "Warsaw / Varsovie", "lat": 52.2298, "lon": 21.0118, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/756135/warsaw.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames capital-place record; French name Varsovie listed. Inspected 24 October 2026. Rounded modern settlement marker only; not a headquarters location.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "GeoNames capital-place record; French name Varsovie listed. Approximate settlement marker only." }, { "id": "jablonna", "name": "Jabłonna / Jablonna", "lat": 52.3788, "lon": 20.9174, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/770706/jablonna.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames place record for Jabłonna, Legionowo County, near Warsaw; not other towns of the same name. Inspected 24 October 2026. Rounded modern settlement marker only; not a headquarters location.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "GeoNames place record for Jabłonna, Legionowo County, near Warsaw; not other towns of the same name. Approximate settlement marker only." }, { "id": "pultusk", "name": "Pułtusk / Pultusk", "lat": 52.7025, "lon": 21.0828, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/760917/pultusk.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames populated-place record, not the wider administrative district. Inspected 24 October 2026. Rounded modern settlement marker only; not a headquarters location.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "GeoNames populated-place record, not the wider administrative district. Approximate settlement marker only." }, { "id": "ortelsburg", "name": "Szczytno / Ortelsburg", "lat": 53.5667, "lon": 21.0, "coordinate_source_url": "https://vocab.getty.edu/page/tgn/1049521", "coordinate_source_note": "Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names record 1049521 lists Szczytno and Ortelsburg and these rounded coordinates. Inspected 24 October 2026. Rounded modern settlement marker only; not a headquarters location.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names record 1049521 lists Szczytno and Ortelsburg and these rounded coordinates. Approximate settlement marker only." }, { "id": "heilsberg", "name": "Lidzbark Warmiński / Heilsberg", "lat": 54.1237, "lon": 20.5817, "coordinate_source_url": "https://atlasmiast.umk.pl/pliki/lidzbark_warminski/AHMP_Lidzbark_Warminski_opis.pdf", "coordinate_source_note": "Historical Atlas of Polish Towns, Lidzbark Warmiński (Toruń 2024), English geographical introduction gives coordinates and former name Heilsberg. Inspected 24 October 2026. Rounded modern settlement marker only; not a headquarters location.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Historical Atlas of Polish Towns, Lidzbark Warmiński (Toruń 2024), English geographical introduction gives coordinates and former name Heilsberg. Approximate settlement marker only." }, { "id": "domnau", "name": "Domnovo / Domnau", "lat": 54.433, "lon": 20.833, "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domnovo", "coordinate_source_note": "Wikipedia geographic record gives modern name Domnovo, former German name Domnau and rounded settlement coordinates. Inspected 24 October 2026. Rounded modern settlement marker only; not a headquarters location.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Wikipedia geographic record gives modern name Domnovo, former German name Domnau and rounded settlement coordinates. Approximate settlement marker only." }, { "id": "czarnowo", "name": "Czarnowo", "lat": null, "lon": null, "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czarnowo,_Nowy_Dw%C3%B3r_Mazowiecki_County", "coordinate_source_note": "A candidate modern village at the Wkra–Narew confluence was inspected, but it has not been established as this letter’s writing location. Coordinates deliberately withheld.", "mapping_status": "unresolved dateline location", "note": "The printed dateline names Czarnowo on 26 December, but the letter describes Golymin. Several villages bear the name. The exact writing place is unresolved and no map point is plotted." }, { "id": "beisleiden", "name": "Bezledy / Beisleiden", "lat": 54.3225, "lon": 20.7281, "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezledy", "coordinate_source_note": "Wikipedia gives Bezledy’s coordinates and former name Beisleiden; the Warmia-Mazury regional encyclopedia independently records the name equivalence. Inspected 24 October 2026. Approximate modern settlement marker, not a headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Wikipedia gives Bezledy’s coordinates and former name Beisleiden; the Warmia-Mazury regional encyclopedia independently records the name equivalence. Inspected 24 October 2026. Approximate modern settlement marker, not a headquarters.", "identification_source_url": "https://encyklopedia.warmia.mazury.pl/index.php/Bezledy" }, { "id": "przasnysz", "name": "Przasnysz", "lat": 53.0217, "lon": 20.8821, "coordinate_source_url": "https://pzgik.geoportal.gov.pl/prng/Miejscowosc/PL.PZGiK.204.PRNG.00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000110515-85320", "coordinate_source_note": "Polish National Register of Geographical Names (PRNG), official town central point. Inspected 24 October 2026. Approximate modern town marker; not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Polish National Register of Geographical Names (PRNG), official town central point. Inspected 24 October 2026. Approximate modern town marker; not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "wielbark", "name": "Wielbark / Willenberg", "lat": 53.3986, "lon": 20.9463, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/755907/wielbark.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames populated-place record lists Wielbark and Willenberg. Inspected 24 October 2026. Approximate modern town marker; not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "GeoNames populated-place record lists Wielbark and Willenberg. Inspected 24 October 2026. Approximate modern town marker; not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "pasym", "name": "Pasym / Passenheim", "lat": 53.6478, "lon": 20.7908, "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasym", "coordinate_source_note": "Wikipedia town record gives coordinates and the former German name Passenheim. Inspected 24 October 2026. Approximate modern town marker; not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Wikipedia town record gives coordinates and the former German name Passenheim. Inspected 24 October 2026. Approximate modern town marker; not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "kronach", "name": "Kronach", "lat": 50.2396, "lon": 11.3331, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2883784/kronach.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames settlement coordinate checked on 24 October 2026 and rounded to four decimal places. Approximate modern town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Napoleon’s 8 October writing place; it does not locate Lannes.", "note": "Napoleon’s 8 October writing place; it does not locate Lannes. GeoNames settlement coordinate checked on 24 October 2026 and rounded to four decimal places. Approximate modern town marker only, not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "dessau", "name": "Dessau", "lat": 51.8386, "lon": 12.2456, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2937959/dessau.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames settlement coordinate checked on 24 October 2026 and rounded to four decimal places. Approximate modern town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Lannes’s 20 October writing dateline. The incoming 19 October address alone is not presence evidence.", "note": "Lannes’s 20 October writing dateline. The incoming 19 October address alone is not presence evidence. GeoNames settlement coordinate checked on 24 October 2026 and rounded to four decimal places. Approximate modern town marker only, not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "oranienburg", "name": "Oranienburg", "lat": 52.748, "lon": 13.2519, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2857129/oranienburg.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames settlement coordinate checked on 24 October 2026 and rounded to four decimal places. Approximate modern town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Lannes’s 26 October writing dateline.", "note": "Lannes’s 26 October writing dateline. GeoNames settlement coordinate checked on 24 October 2026 and rounded to four decimal places. Approximate modern town marker only, not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "prenzlau", "name": "Prenzlau (Prenzlow)", "lat": 53.317, "lon": 13.864, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2852218/prenzlau.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames settlement coordinate checked on 24 October 2026 and rounded to four decimal places. Approximate modern town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Printed Prenzlow is represented by the modern town of Prenzlau; an approximate town marker, not the battle’s extent.", "note": "Printed Prenzlow is represented by the modern town of Prenzlau; an approximate town marker, not the battle’s extent. GeoNames settlement coordinate checked on 24 October 2026 and rounded to four decimal places. Approximate modern town marker only, not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "pasewalk", "name": "Pasewalk", "lat": 53.5, "lon": 14.0, "coordinate_source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasewalk", "coordinate_source_note": "English Wikipedia settlement coordinate checked on 24 October 2026 and rounded to four decimal places. Approximate modern town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Lannes’s 31 October writing dateline. Modern town coordinate, not a located headquarters.", "note": "Lannes’s 31 October writing dateline. Modern town coordinate, not a located headquarters. English Wikipedia settlement coordinate checked on 24 October 2026 and rounded to four decimal places. Approximate modern town marker only, not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "stettin", "name": "Stettin (Szczecin)", "lat": 53.4289, "lon": 14.553, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3083829/szczecin.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames settlement coordinate checked on 24 October 2026 and rounded to four decimal places. Approximate modern town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Stettin is the historical German name of Szczecin. Lannes’s own outgoing datelines provide the mapped presence evidence.", "note": "Stettin is the historical German name of Szczecin. Lannes’s own outgoing datelines provide the mapped presence evidence. GeoNames settlement coordinate checked on 24 October 2026 and rounded to four decimal places. Approximate modern town marker only, not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "naklo", "name": "Nackel (Nakło nad Notecią)", "lat": 53.1421, "lon": 17.6018, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3091150/naklo-nad-notecia.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames settlement coordinate checked on 24 October 2026 and rounded to four decimal places. Approximate modern town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Printed Nackel is identified as Nakło nad Notecią (German Nakel), west of Bromberg, in this campaign context. The Polish place-name dictionary records the Nackel variant; this is not another settlement named Nakło.", "note": "Printed Nackel is identified as Nakło nad Notecią (German Nakel), west of Bromberg, in this campaign context. The Polish place-name dictionary records the Nackel variant; this is not another settlement named Nakło. GeoNames settlement coordinate checked on 24 October 2026 and rounded to four decimal places. Approximate modern town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "identification_source_url": "https://rcin.org.pl/ijp/Content/242334/NMPol7.pdf", "identification_source_note": "Nazwy miejscowe Polski, volume VII, Nakło nad Notecią entry, printed p. 339, records the German Nackel variant." }, { "id": "bydgoszcz", "name": "Bromberg (Bydgoszcz)", "lat": 53.1235, "lon": 18.0076, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3102014/bydgoszcz.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames settlement coordinate checked on 24 October 2026 and rounded to four decimal places. Approximate modern town marker only, not a historical headquarters.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Bromberg is the historical German name of Bydgoszcz. The town marker does not locate Lannes’s quarters precisely.", "note": "Bromberg is the historical German name of Bydgoszcz. The town marker does not locate Lannes’s quarters precisely. GeoNames settlement coordinate checked on 24 October 2026 and rounded to four decimal places. Approximate modern town marker only, not a historical headquarters." }, { "id": "bruges", "name": "Bruges (Brugge)", "lat": 51.2089, "lon": 3.2242, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2800931/brugge.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 2800931; GeoNames place page inspected. Source coordinates 51.20892, 3.22424, rounded to four decimal places for display. Approximate modern settlement marker.", "coordinate_data_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2800931/brugge.html", "coordinate_verification_date": "2026-10-25", "geonames_id": 2800931, "geonames_feature_code": "PPL", "country_code": "BE", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Identifies the dateline locality at settlement scale. This is not the exact writing room, headquarters, battlefield extent, route, or proof that the recipient was present or received the letter.", "identification_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2800931/brugge.html", "identification_source_note": "GeoNames identifies Brugge and lists the French name Bruges; the Davout datelines use Bruges.", "note": "Modern gazetteer position used only to locate the named place approximately; historical presence remains a property of the sourced letter, not of this marker." }, { "id": "ambleteuse", "name": "Ambleteuse", "lat": 50.8104, "lon": 1.6088, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3037915/ambleteuse.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 3037915; GeoNames cities1000.zip record inspected; the HTML page did not expose its coordinates in this reader. Source coordinates 50.81041, 1.60876, rounded to four decimal places for display. Approximate modern settlement marker.", "coordinate_data_url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities1000.zip", "coordinate_verification_date": "2026-10-25", "geonames_id": 3037915, "geonames_feature_code": "PPL", "country_code": "FR", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Identifies the dateline locality at settlement scale. This is not the exact writing room, headquarters, battlefield extent, route, or proof that the recipient was present or received the letter.", "identification_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3037915/ambleteuse.html", "identification_source_note": "The gazetteer identity matches the stated dateline locality and regional context.", "note": "Modern gazetteer position used only to locate the named place approximately; historical presence remains a property of the sourced letter, not of this marker." }, { "id": "oggersheim", "name": "Oggersheim", "lat": 49.4925, "lon": 8.3683, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2875375/oggersheim.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 2875375; GeoNames place page inspected. Source coordinates 49.4925, 8.36833, rounded to four decimal places for display. Approximate modern district marker.", "coordinate_data_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2875375/oggersheim.html", "coordinate_verification_date": "2026-10-25", "geonames_id": 2875375, "geonames_feature_code": "PPLX", "country_code": "DE", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Identifies the dateline locality at settlement scale. This is not the exact writing room, headquarters, battlefield extent, route, or proof that the recipient was present or received the letter.", "identification_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2875375/oggersheim.html", "identification_source_note": "GeoNames identifies Oggersheim as a section of populated place in Ludwigshafen am Rhein. The historical dateline is Oggersheim; Mannheim is not substituted.", "note": "Approximate modern Oggersheim district marker, not the Rhine crossing or a headquarters address." }, { "id": "aichach", "name": "Aichach", "lat": 48.4576, "lon": 11.1341, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2958975/aichach.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 2958975; GeoNames place page inspected. Source coordinates 48.45755, 11.13413, rounded to four decimal places for display. Approximate modern settlement marker.", "coordinate_data_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2958975/aichach.html", "coordinate_verification_date": "2026-10-25", "geonames_id": 2958975, "geonames_feature_code": "PPLA3", "country_code": "DE", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Identifies the dateline locality at settlement scale. This is not the exact writing room, headquarters, battlefield extent, route, or proof that the recipient was present or received the letter.", "identification_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2958975/aichach.html", "identification_source_note": "The gazetteer identity matches the stated dateline locality and regional context.", "note": "Modern gazetteer position used only to locate the named place approximately; historical presence remains a property of the sourced letter, not of this marker." }, { "id": "vienna", "name": "Vienne (Vienna)", "lat": 48.2085, "lon": 16.3721, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2761369/vienna.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 2761369; GeoNames place page inspected. Source coordinates 48.20849, 16.37208, rounded to four decimal places for display. Approximate modern settlement marker.", "coordinate_data_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2761369/vienna.html", "coordinate_verification_date": "2026-10-25", "geonames_id": 2761369, "geonames_feature_code": "PPLC", "country_code": "AT", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Identifies the dateline locality at settlement scale. This is not the exact writing room, headquarters, battlefield extent, route, or proof that the recipient was present or received the letter.", "identification_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2761369/vienna.html", "identification_source_note": "The French dateline Vienne is identified as Vienna/Wien in Austria from the campaign context and corresponding gazetteer identity; not Vienne in France.", "note": "Modern gazetteer position used only to locate the named place approximately; historical presence remains a property of the sourced letter, not of this marker." }, { "id": "menitz", "name": "Menitz (Měnín)", "lat": 49.0824, "lon": 16.6942, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3070853/menin.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 3070853; GeoNames place page inspected. Source coordinates 49.0824, 16.69424, rounded to four decimal places for display. Approximate modern settlement marker.", "coordinate_data_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3070853/menin.html", "coordinate_verification_date": "2026-10-25", "geonames_id": 3070853, "geonames_feature_code": "PPL", "country_code": "CZ", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Identifies the dateline locality at settlement scale. This is not the exact writing room, headquarters, battlefield extent, route, or proof that the recipient was present or received the letter.", "identification_source_url": "https://menin.cz/obec/historie", "identification_source_note": "Měnín's municipal history explicitly lists Mönitz and Menitz among the locality's earlier names. This supports identifying the printed Moravian dateline Menitz as Měnín; it is not Belgian Menen/Menin.", "note": "Modern gazetteer position used only to locate the named place approximately; historical presence remains a property of the sourced letter, not of this marker." }, { "id": "lundenbourg", "name": "Lundenbourg (Břeclav)", "lat": 48.759, "lon": 16.882, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3078773/breclav.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 3078773; GeoNames place page inspected. Source coordinates 48.75897, 16.88203, rounded to four decimal places for display. Approximate modern settlement marker.", "coordinate_data_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3078773/breclav.html", "coordinate_verification_date": "2026-10-25", "geonames_id": 3078773, "geonames_feature_code": "PPLA2", "country_code": "CZ", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Identifies the dateline locality at settlement scale. This is not the exact writing room, headquarters, battlefield extent, route, or proof that the recipient was present or received the letter.", "identification_source_url": "https://breclav.eu/d-doc/1/1974/638139867675766667/radnice-2006-10.pdf", "identification_source_note": "Břeclav's municipal newsletter Radnice (October 2006, printed p. 9) explicitly pairs Břeclav and Lundenburg. GeoNames also lists Lundenburg. The Albert-Kahn collection's 1913 record A1759, reproduced on Wikimedia Commons, pairs the French caption Lundenbourg with the catalogue location Breclav (Lundenburg), République tchèque. Together these support the French dateline identification; the museum's original catalogue link returned an error in this check, so that metadata was verified through the Commons reproduction.", "note": "Modern gazetteer position used only to locate the named place approximately; historical presence remains a property of the sourced letter, not of this marker.", "identification_supporting_urls": [ "https://www.geonames.org/3078773/breclav.html", "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Autriche_Hongrie,_Environs_Lundenbourg,_Environs_de_Lundenbourg_-_2_vieilles_maisons_rurales_couvertes_de_chaume_-_A1759.jpg" ] }, { "id": "wertingen", "name": "Wertingen", "lat": 48.5631, "lon": 10.6815, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2810702/wertingen.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 2810702; GeoNames place page inspected. Source coordinates 48.56314, 10.68149, rounded to four decimal places for display. Approximate modern settlement marker.", "coordinate_data_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2810702/wertingen.html", "coordinate_verification_date": "2026-10-25", "geonames_id": 2810702, "geonames_feature_code": "PPL", "country_code": "DE", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Identifies the dateline locality at settlement scale. This is not the exact writing room, headquarters, battlefield extent, route, or proof that the recipient was present or received the letter.", "identification_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2810702/wertingen.html", "identification_source_note": "The gazetteer identity matches the stated dateline locality and regional context.", "note": "Modern gazetteer position used only to locate the named place approximately; historical presence remains a property of the sourced letter, not of this marker." }, { "id": "augsburg", "name": "Augsbourg (Augsburg)", "lat": 48.3715, "lon": 10.8985, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2954172/augsburg.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 2954172; GeoNames place page inspected. Source coordinates 48.37154, 10.89851, rounded to four decimal places for display. Approximate modern settlement marker.", "coordinate_data_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2954172/augsburg.html", "coordinate_verification_date": "2026-10-25", "geonames_id": 2954172, "geonames_feature_code": "PPLA2", "country_code": "DE", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Identifies the dateline locality at settlement scale. This is not the exact writing room, headquarters, battlefield extent, route, or proof that the recipient was present or received the letter.", "identification_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2954172/augsburg.html", "identification_source_note": "The gazetteer identity matches the stated dateline locality and regional context.", "note": "Modern gazetteer position used only to locate the named place approximately; historical presence remains a property of the sourced letter, not of this marker." }, { "id": "zusmarshausen", "name": "Zusmarshausen", "lat": 48.4001, "lon": 10.5992, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2803655/zusmarshausen.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 2803655; GeoNames cities1000.zip record inspected; the HTML page did not expose its coordinates in this reader. Source coordinates 48.40014, 10.59917, rounded to four decimal places for display. Approximate modern settlement marker.", "coordinate_data_url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities1000.zip", "coordinate_verification_date": "2026-10-25", "geonames_id": 2803655, "geonames_feature_code": "PPL", "country_code": "DE", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Identifies the dateline locality at settlement scale. This is not the exact writing room, headquarters, battlefield extent, route, or proof that the recipient was present or received the letter.", "identification_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2803655/zusmarshausen.html", "identification_source_note": "The gazetteer identity matches the stated dateline locality and regional context.", "note": "Modern gazetteer position used only to locate the named place approximately; historical presence remains a property of the sourced letter, not of this marker." }, { "id": "weissenhorn", "name": "Weissenhorn (Weißenhorn)", "lat": 48.305, "lon": 10.1605, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2811879/weissenhorn.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 2811879; GeoNames cities1000.zip record inspected; the HTML page did not expose its coordinates in this reader. Source coordinates 48.30501, 10.16047, rounded to four decimal places for display. Approximate modern settlement marker.", "coordinate_data_url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities1000.zip", "coordinate_verification_date": "2026-10-25", "geonames_id": 2811879, "geonames_feature_code": "PPL", "country_code": "DE", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Identifies the dateline locality at settlement scale. This is not the exact writing room, headquarters, battlefield extent, route, or proof that the recipient was present or received the letter.", "identification_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2811879/weissenhorn.html", "identification_source_note": "The gazetteer identity matches the stated dateline locality and regional context.", "note": "Modern gazetteer position used only to locate the named place approximately; historical presence remains a property of the sourced letter, not of this marker." }, { "id": "soflingen", "name": "Söflingen", "lat": 48.3904, "lon": 9.9494, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2831702/soeflingen.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 2831702; GeoNames RDF record inspected; the HTML page did not expose its coordinates in this reader. Source coordinates 48.3904, 9.94941, rounded to four decimal places for display. Approximate modern district marker.", "coordinate_data_url": "https://sws.geonames.org/2831702/about.rdf", "coordinate_verification_date": "2026-10-25", "geonames_id": 2831702, "geonames_feature_code": "PPLX", "country_code": "DE", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Identifies the dateline locality at settlement scale. This is not the exact writing room, headquarters, battlefield extent, route, or proof that the recipient was present or received the letter.", "identification_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2831702/soeflingen.html", "identification_source_note": "GeoNames identifies Söflingen as a section of populated place (P.PPLX) within Ulm. The source dateline uses Söflingen.", "note": "Approximate Söflingen district marker. Uses the GeoNames RDF coordinate, not a different OpenStreetMap centre." }, { "id": "nordlingen", "name": "Nördlingen", "lat": 48.8512, "lon": 10.4887, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2861914/noerdlingen.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 2861914; GeoNames place page inspected. Source coordinates 48.85122, 10.48868, rounded to four decimal places for display. Approximate modern settlement marker.", "coordinate_data_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2861914/noerdlingen.html", "coordinate_verification_date": "2026-10-25", "geonames_id": 2861914, "geonames_feature_code": "PPL", "country_code": "DE", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Identifies the dateline locality at settlement scale. This is not the exact writing room, headquarters, battlefield extent, route, or proof that the recipient was present or received the letter.", "identification_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2861914/noerdlingen.html", "identification_source_note": "The gazetteer identity matches the stated dateline locality and regional context.", "note": "Modern gazetteer position used only to locate the named place approximately; historical presence remains a property of the sourced letter, not of this marker." }, { "id": "saint-cloud", "name": "Saint-Cloud", "lat": 48.846, "lon": 2.2029, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2981041/saint-cloud.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 2981041; GeoNames place page inspected. Source coordinates 48.84598, 2.20289, rounded to four decimal places for display. Approximate modern settlement marker.", "coordinate_data_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2981041/saint-cloud.html", "coordinate_verification_date": "2026-10-25", "geonames_id": 2981041, "geonames_feature_code": "PPL", "country_code": "FR", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Identifies the dateline locality at settlement scale. This is not the exact writing room, headquarters, battlefield extent, route, or proof that the recipient was present or received the letter.", "identification_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2981041/saint-cloud.html", "identification_source_note": "The gazetteer identity matches the stated dateline locality and regional context.", "note": "Approximate town marker only. No claim to the exact palace room or recipient position." }, { "id": "troyes", "name": "Troyes", "lat": 48.3007, "lon": 4.0852, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2971549/troyes.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 2971549; GeoNames place page inspected. Source coordinates 48.30073, 4.08524, rounded to four decimal places for display. Approximate modern settlement marker.", "coordinate_data_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2971549/troyes.html", "coordinate_verification_date": "2026-10-25", "geonames_id": 2971549, "geonames_feature_code": "PPLA2", "country_code": "FR", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Identifies the dateline locality at settlement scale. This is not the exact writing room, headquarters, battlefield extent, route, or proof that the recipient was present or received the letter.", "identification_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2971549/troyes.html", "identification_source_note": "The gazetteer identity matches the stated dateline locality and regional context.", "note": "Modern gazetteer position used only to locate the named place approximately; historical presence remains a property of the sourced letter, not of this marker." }, { "id": "strasbourg", "name": "Strasbourg", "lat": 48.5839, "lon": 7.7455, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2973783/strasbourg.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 2973783; GeoNames place page inspected. Source coordinates 48.58392, 7.74553, rounded to four decimal places for display. Approximate modern settlement marker.", "coordinate_data_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2973783/strasbourg.html", "coordinate_verification_date": "2026-10-25", "geonames_id": 2973783, "geonames_feature_code": "PPLA", "country_code": "FR", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Identifies the dateline locality at settlement scale. This is not the exact writing room, headquarters, battlefield extent, route, or proof that the recipient was present or received the letter.", "identification_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2973783/strasbourg.html", "identification_source_note": "The gazetteer identity matches the stated dateline locality and regional context.", "note": "Modern gazetteer position used only to locate the named place approximately; historical presence remains a property of the sourced letter, not of this marker." }, { "id": "ludwigsburg", "name": "Ludwigsburg", "lat": 48.8973, "lon": 9.1916, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2875392/ludwigsburg.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 2875392; GeoNames place page inspected. Source coordinates 48.89731, 9.19161, rounded to four decimal places for display. Approximate modern settlement marker.", "coordinate_data_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2875392/ludwigsburg.html", "coordinate_verification_date": "2026-10-25", "geonames_id": 2875392, "geonames_feature_code": "PPLA3", "country_code": "DE", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Identifies the dateline locality at settlement scale. This is not the exact writing room, headquarters, battlefield extent, route, or proof that the recipient was present or received the letter.", "identification_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2875392/ludwigsburg.html", "identification_source_note": "The gazetteer identity matches the stated dateline locality and regional context.", "note": "Modern gazetteer position used only to locate the named place approximately; historical presence remains a property of the sourced letter, not of this marker." }, { "id": "donauworth", "name": "Donauwörth", "lat": 48.718, "lon": 10.7793, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2936253/donauwoerth.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 2936253; GeoNames place page inspected. Source coordinates 48.71804, 10.7793, rounded to four decimal places for display. Approximate modern settlement marker.", "coordinate_data_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2936253/donauwoerth.html", "coordinate_verification_date": "2026-10-25", "geonames_id": 2936253, "geonames_feature_code": "PPLA3", "country_code": "DE", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Identifies the dateline locality at settlement scale. This is not the exact writing room, headquarters, battlefield extent, route, or proof that the recipient was present or received the letter.", "identification_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2936253/donauwoerth.html", "identification_source_note": "The gazetteer identity matches the stated dateline locality and regional context.", "note": "Modern gazetteer position used only to locate the named place approximately; historical presence remains a property of the sourced letter, not of this marker." }, { "id": "znojmo", "name": "Znaym (Znojmo)", "lat": 48.8555, "lon": 16.0488, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3061344/znojmo.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 3061344; GeoNames place page inspected. Source coordinates 48.8555, 16.0488, rounded to four decimal places for display. Approximate modern settlement marker.", "coordinate_data_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3061344/znojmo.html", "coordinate_verification_date": "2026-10-25", "geonames_id": 3061344, "geonames_feature_code": "PPLA2", "country_code": "CZ", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Identifies the dateline locality at settlement scale. This is not the exact writing room, headquarters, battlefield extent, route, or proof that the recipient was present or received the letter.", "identification_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3061344/znojmo.html", "identification_source_note": "GeoNames lists Znaym and Znaim among Znojmo's German alternate names; the incoming letter heading uses Znaym.", "note": "Modern gazetteer position used only to locate the named place approximately; historical presence remains a property of the sourced letter, not of this marker." }, { "id": "brno", "name": "Brünn (Brno)", "lat": 49.1952, "lon": 16.608, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3078610/brno.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 3078610; GeoNames place page inspected. Source coordinates 49.19522, 16.60796, rounded to four decimal places for display. Approximate modern settlement marker.", "coordinate_data_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3078610/brno.html", "coordinate_verification_date": "2026-10-25", "geonames_id": 3078610, "geonames_feature_code": "PPLA", "country_code": "CZ", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Identifies the dateline locality at settlement scale. This is not the exact writing room, headquarters, battlefield extent, route, or proof that the recipient was present or received the letter.", "identification_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3078610/brno.html", "identification_source_note": "GeoNames lists Brünn as a German alternate name of Brno; the incoming letter heading uses Brünn.", "note": "Modern gazetteer position used only to locate the named place approximately; historical presence remains a property of the sourced letter, not of this marker." }, { "id": "spinetta", "name": "Spinetta (Spinetta Marengo)", "lat": 44.8855, "lon": 8.6775, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3166243/spinetta-marengo.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames settlement record checked 25 October 2026; original coordinates 44.88554,8.6775, rounded to 4 decimals.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "GeoNames lists Spinetta as an alternate name. Town marker distinct from the battlefield as a whole. Coordinates locate the settlement approximately, not an exact historical writing location or recipient presence." }, { "id": "cairo", "name": "Le Caire (Cairo)", "lat": 30.0626, "lon": 31.2497, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/360630/cairo.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames settlement record checked 25 October 2026; original coordinates 30.06263,31.24967, rounded to 4 decimals.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Modern Cairo reference point; not a specific headquarters or house. Coordinates locate the settlement approximately, not an exact historical writing location or recipient presence." }, { "id": "novara", "name": "Novare (Novara)", "lat": 45.4469, "lon": 8.6212, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3172189/novara.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames settlement record checked 25 October 2026; original coordinates 45.44694,8.62118, rounded to 4 decimals.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "GeoNames lists Novare as the French name. Coordinates locate the settlement approximately, not an exact historical writing location or recipient presence." }, { "id": "lausanne", "name": "Lausanne", "lat": 46.516, "lon": 6.6328, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2659994/lausanne.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames settlement record checked 25 October 2026; original coordinates 46.5159963488544,6.6328239440918, rounded to 4 decimals.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Coordinates verified from the Lausanne settlement row, rather than the canton or a postcode point. Coordinates locate the settlement approximately, not an exact historical writing location or recipient presence." }, { "id": "milan", "name": "Milan (Milano)", "lat": 45.4643, "lon": 9.1895, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3173435/milan.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames settlement data checked 25 October 2026; original coordinates 45.46427,9.18951, rounded to 4 decimals.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Lombardy city record, not the small settlement named Milan in Veneto. Coordinates locate the settlement approximately, not the exact historical writing location or recipient presence." }, { "id": "brescia", "name": "Brescia", "lat": 45.5356, "lon": 10.2147, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3181554/brescia.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames settlement data checked 25 October 2026; original coordinates 45.53558,10.21472, rounded to 4 decimals.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": " Coordinates locate the settlement approximately, not the exact historical writing location or recipient presence." }, { "id": "lodi", "name": "Lodi", "lat": 45.3099, "lon": 9.5008, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3174638/lodi.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames settlement data checked 25 October 2026; original coordinates 45.30989,9.50085, rounded to 4 decimals.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": " Coordinates locate the settlement approximately, not the exact historical writing location or recipient presence." }, { "id": "toulon", "name": "Toulon", "lat": 43.1244, "lon": 5.9284, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/search.html?country=FR", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames settlement data checked 25 October 2026; original coordinates 43.12442,5.92836, rounded to 4 decimals.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Settlement row for Toulon; not the administrative-area coordinate. Dateline identifies a lazaret: marker locates the town only, not a particular quarantine building. Coordinates locate the settlement approximately, not the exact historical writing location or recipient presence." }, { "id": "aosta", "name": "Aoste (Aosta)", "lat": 45.7376, "lon": 7.3172, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3182997/aosta.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 3182997; public RDF settlement record https://sws.geonames.org/3182997/about.rdf inspected and saved on 2026-10-25. Source coordinates 45.73764, 7.31722, rounded to four decimal places. The settlement feature is used rather than an administrative-area centroid.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "The printed Aoste dateline is identified as Aosta in the Valle d’Aosta, in the letter’s Great St Bernard–Aosta–Bard campaign setting. This is not Aoste in France. Modern settlement marker only: no precise writing room, battlefield extent, travelled route or recipient presence is implied." }, { "id": "pont-saint-martin", "name": "Saint-Martin (Pont-Saint-Martin)", "lat": 45.5954, "lon": 7.7945, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3170190/pont-saint-martin.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 3170190; public RDF settlement record https://sws.geonames.org/3170190/about.rdf inspected and saved on 2026-10-25. Source coordinates 45.59536, 7.79451, rounded to four decimal places. The settlement feature is used rather than an administrative-area centroid.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "The Saint-Martin dateline is identified as Pont-Saint-Martin in the Aosta Valley from the Bard/Carema context; GeoNames places the settlement in the Aosta Valley and its municipal record borders Carema and Donnas. This modern-name match is an editorial geographical identification, not an expansion written in the letter. Modern settlement marker only: no precise writing room, battlefield extent, travelled route or recipient presence is implied." }, { "id": "settimo-vittone", "name": "Setto-Vitone (Settimo Vittone)", "lat": 45.5493, "lon": 7.8333, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3166575/settimo-vittone.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 3166575; public RDF settlement record https://sws.geonames.org/3166575/about.rdf inspected and saved on 2026-10-25. Source coordinates 45.54929, 7.83328, rounded to four decimal places. The settlement feature is used rather than an administrative-area centroid.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "The printed Setto-Vitone is identified as Settimo Vittone south of Carema. Lannes says he has arrived one league from Carema, and Cugnac’s surrounding note locates the engagement downstream at Montestrutto and Borgo-Franco. This supports the village identity, without locating a particular headquarters. Modern settlement marker only: no precise writing room, battlefield extent, travelled route or recipient presence is implied." }, { "id": "romano-canavese", "name": "San-Romano (Romano Canavese)", "lat": 45.3993, "lon": 7.8689, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3169057/romano-canavese.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 3169057; public RDF settlement record https://sws.geonames.org/3169057/about.rdf inspected and saved on 2026-10-25. Source coordinates 45.39925, 7.86885, rounded to four decimal places. The settlement feature is used rather than an administrative-area centroid.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "The San-Romano dateline is identified editorially as Romano Canavese from the same documentary section’s Chiusella/Ivrea setting and companion letters datelined Romano. It is not one of the other Italian San Romano settlements. The gazetteer lists Romano as an alternative name; it does not itself attest the historical San-Romano spelling. Modern settlement marker only: no precise writing room, battlefield extent, travelled route or recipient presence is implied." }, { "id": "belbia", "name": "Camp de Belbia (location unresolved)", "lat": null, "lon": null, "mapping_status": "unresolved", "note": "Printed as Belbia. Possible identification with Bilbeis/Belbis has not been established; no camp or town marker is inferred.", "coordinate_source_url": null }, { "id": "tortona", "name": "Tortone (Tortona)", "lat": 44.8978, "lon": 8.8637, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3165370/tortona.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames settlement record checked 25 October 2026: 44.89784,8.86374; rounded to4 decimals.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "French printed dateline Tortone; modern settlement Tortona in Piedmont. Marker locates the town approximately, not an exact headquarters, the addressee, or ordered destination Pozzolo." }, { "id": "tilsit", "name": "Tilsit (Sovetsk)", "lat": 55.08392, "lon": 21.87851, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/490068/", "coordinate_source_revision_url": null, "coordinate_source_note": "Reuses the Lannes package's Sovetsk/Tilsitt reference coordinates 55.08392,21.87851, independently matched here to GeoNames record 490068 in the cities500 download on 25 October 2026. Gazetteer source: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities500.zip", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Tilsit appears among the aliases for Sovetsk in Kaliningrad, record 490068, rather than the other Russian towns named Sovetsk. The Tilsitt spelling in the Lannes package refers to the same town. Approximate modern reference-town marker only; it does not locate the exact historical headquarters, recipient, journey or battlefield position.", "note": "Tilsit appears among the aliases for Sovetsk in Kaliningrad, record 490068, rather than the other Russian towns named Sovetsk. The Tilsitt spelling in the Lannes package refers to the same town. Approximate modern reference-town marker only; it does not locate the exact historical headquarters, recipient, journey or battlefield position.", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n527/mode/1up", "date": "1807-07-21", "letterIds": [ "davout-345" ], "alias_check_note": "Tilsit appears among the aliases for Sovetsk in Kaliningrad, record 490068, rather than the other Russian towns named Sovetsk. The Tilsitt spelling in the Lannes package refers to the same town." }, { "id": "thorn", "name": "Thorn (Toruń)", "lat": 53.0138, "lon": 18.5981, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3083271/", "coordinate_source_revision_url": null, "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames cities500 gazetteer downloaded 25 October 2026: record 3083271, PPL, PL; coordinates 53.01375,18.59814, rounded to 4 decimals. Gazetteer source: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities500.zip", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Thorn appears among the aliases of Toruń. Approximate modern reference-town marker only; it does not locate the exact historical headquarters, recipient, journey or battlefield position.", "note": "Thorn appears among the aliases of Toruń. Approximate modern reference-town marker only; it does not locate the exact historical headquarters, recipient, journey or battlefield position.", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced01davogoog/page/n18/mode/1up", "date": "1807-08-08", "letterIds": [ "davout-351" ], "alias_check_note": "Thorn appears among the aliases of Toruń." }, { "id": "breslau", "name": "Breslau (Wrocław)", "lat": 51.1029, "lon": 17.0301, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3081368/", "coordinate_source_revision_url": null, "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames cities500 gazetteer downloaded 25 October 2026: record 3081368, PPLA, PL; coordinates 51.10286,17.03006, rounded to 4 decimals. Gazetteer source: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities500.zip", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Breslau appears among the aliases of Wrocław. Approximate modern reference-town marker only; it does not locate the exact historical headquarters, recipient, journey or battlefield position.", "note": "Breslau appears among the aliases of Wrocław. Approximate modern reference-town marker only; it does not locate the exact historical headquarters, recipient, journey or battlefield position.", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced01davogoog/page/n305/mode/1up", "date": "1808-10-08", "letterIds": [ "davout-516" ], "alias_check_note": "Breslau appears among the aliases of Wrocław." }, { "id": "regensburg", "name": "Ratisbonne (Regensburg)", "lat": 49.0151, "lon": 12.1016, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2849483/", "coordinate_source_revision_url": null, "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames cities500 gazetteer downloaded 25 October 2026: record 2849483, PPLA2, DE; coordinates 49.01513,12.10161, rounded to 4 decimals. Gazetteer source: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities500.zip Reused from the independently checked Napoleon package.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Ratisbonne appears among the GeoNames aliases of Regensburg. Approximate modern reference-town marker only; it does not locate the exact historical headquarters, recipient, journey or battlefield position.", "note": "Ratisbonne appears among the GeoNames aliases of Regensburg. Approximate modern reference-town marker only; it does not locate the exact historical headquarters, recipient, journey or battlefield position.", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced01davogoog/page/n485/mode/1up", "date": "1809-04-18", "letterIds": [ "davout-665" ], "alias_check_note": "Ratisbonne appears among the GeoNames aliases of Regensburg." }, { "id": "eckmuhl-heights", "name": "Heights of Eckmühl (site unspecified)", "lat": null, "lon": null, "coordinate_source_url": null, "coordinate_source_revision_url": null, "coordinate_source_note": "Unplotted: the printed dateline identifies heights of Eckmühl but not the exact writing site; a town coordinate would imply unsupported precision.", "mapping_status": "unresolved writing site", "historical_precision_note": "Dateline explicitly says the heights of Eckmühl. The exact writing site is unspecified. Retain null coordinates rather than using the town centre or an invented battlefield headquarters.", "note": "Dateline explicitly says the heights of Eckmühl. The exact writing site is unspecified. Retain null coordinates rather than using the town centre or an invented battlefield headquarters.", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced01davogoog/page/n496/mode/1up", "date": "1809-04-21", "letterIds": [ "davout-678" ] }, { "id": "deutsch-wagram", "name": "Deutsch-Wagram", "lat": 48.2997, "lon": 16.5667, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2781017/", "coordinate_source_revision_url": null, "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames cities500 gazetteer downloaded 25 October 2026: record 2781017, PPLA3, AT; coordinates 48.29972,16.56667, rounded to 4 decimals. Gazetteer source: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities500.zip", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "The printed dateline Deutsch-Wagram exactly matches the modern Austrian settlement name. Approximate modern reference-town marker only; it does not locate the exact historical headquarters, recipient, journey or battlefield position.", "note": "The printed dateline Deutsch-Wagram exactly matches the modern Austrian settlement name. Approximate modern reference-town marker only; it does not locate the exact historical headquarters, recipient, journey or battlefield position.", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced00davogoog/page/n92/mode/1up", "date": "1809-07-07", "letterIds": [ "davout-815" ], "alias_check_note": "The printed dateline Deutsch-Wagram exactly matches the modern Austrian settlement name." }, { "id": "compiegne", "name": "Compiègne", "lat": 49.4179, "lon": 2.8261, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3024066/", "coordinate_source_revision_url": null, "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames cities500 gazetteer downloaded 25 October 2026: record 3024066, PPLA3, FR; coordinates 49.41794,2.82606, rounded to 4 decimals. Gazetteer source: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities500.zip Reused from the independently checked Napoleon package.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "The printed dateline Compiègne matches the modern French town name. Approximate modern reference-town marker only; it does not locate the exact historical headquarters, recipient, journey or battlefield position.", "note": "The printed dateline Compiègne matches the modern French town name. Approximate modern reference-town marker only; it does not locate the exact historical headquarters, recipient, journey or battlefield position.", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced00davogoog/page/n197/mode/1up", "date": "1810-04-15", "letterIds": [ "davout-899" ], "alias_check_note": "The printed dateline Compiègne matches the modern French town name." }, { "id": "hamburg", "name": "Hambourg (Hamburg)", "lat": 53.5507, "lon": 9.993, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2911298/", "coordinate_source_revision_url": null, "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames cities500 gazetteer downloaded 25 October 2026: record 2911298, PPLA, DE; coordinates 53.55073,9.99302, rounded to 4 decimals. Gazetteer source: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities500.zip", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Hambourg appears among the aliases of Hamburg in Germany; similarly named towns outside Germany are excluded. Approximate modern reference-town marker only; it does not locate the exact historical headquarters, recipient, journey or battlefield position.", "note": "Hambourg appears among the aliases of Hamburg in Germany; similarly named towns outside Germany are excluded. Approximate modern reference-town marker only; it does not locate the exact historical headquarters, recipient, journey or battlefield position.", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced00davogoog/page/n254/mode/1up", "date": "1811-04-25", "letterIds": [ "davout-954", "davout-1349", "davout-1350" ], "alias_check_note": "Hambourg appears among the aliases of Hamburg in Germany; similarly named towns outside Germany are excluded." }, { "id": "tapiau", "name": "Tapiau (Gvardeysk)", "lat": 54.6477, "lon": 21.0651, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/557710/", "coordinate_source_revision_url": null, "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames cities500 gazetteer downloaded 25 October 2026: record 557710, PPLA2, RU; coordinates 54.64772,21.06513, rounded to 4 decimals. Gazetteer source: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities500.zip", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Tapiau appears among the aliases of Gvardeysk in Kaliningrad. Approximate modern reference-town marker only; it does not locate the exact historical headquarters, recipient, journey or battlefield position.", "note": "Tapiau appears among the aliases of Gvardeysk in Kaliningrad. Approximate modern reference-town marker only; it does not locate the exact historical headquarters, recipient, journey or battlefield position.", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced00davogoog/page/n374/mode/1up", "date": "1812-06-13", "letterIds": [ "davout-1052" ], "alias_check_note": "Tapiau appears among the aliases of Gvardeysk in Kaliningrad." }, { "id": "mogilev", "name": "Mohilew (Mogilev)", "lat": 53.9088, "lon": 30.3404, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/625665/", "coordinate_source_revision_url": null, "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames cities500 gazetteer downloaded 25 October 2026: record 625665, PPLA, BY; coordinates 53.90876,30.34044, rounded to 4 decimals. Gazetteer source: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities500.zip", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Mogilev and Mohylew appear among the aliases of Mahilyow in Belarus. The dateline spelling Mohilew is a historical orthographic variant in this July 1812 campaign context; this is not Mohyliv-Podilskyi in Ukraine. Approximate modern reference-town marker only; it does not locate the exact historical headquarters, recipient, journey or battlefield position.", "note": "Mogilev and Mohylew appear among the aliases of Mahilyow in Belarus. The dateline spelling Mohilew is a historical orthographic variant in this July 1812 campaign context; this is not Mohyliv-Podilskyi in Ukraine. Approximate modern reference-town marker only; it does not locate the exact historical headquarters, recipient, journey or battlefield position.", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced00davogoog/page/n390/mode/1up", "date": "1812-07-25", "letterIds": [ "davout-1068" ], "alias_check_note": "Mogilev and Mohylew appear among the aliases of Mahilyow in Belarus. The dateline spelling Mohilew is a historical orthographic variant in this July 1812 campaign context; this is not Mohyliv-Podilskyi in Ukraine." }, { "id": "smolensk", "name": "Smolensk", "lat": 54.7783, "lon": 32.0509, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/491687/", "coordinate_source_revision_url": null, "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames cities500 gazetteer downloaded 25 October 2026: record 491687, PPLA, RU; coordinates 54.77826,32.05088, rounded to 4 decimals. Gazetteer source: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities500.zip", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "The printed dateline Smolensk matches the modern Russian city name. Approximate modern reference-town marker only; it does not locate the exact historical headquarters, recipient, journey or battlefield position.", "note": "The printed dateline Smolensk matches the modern Russian city name. Approximate modern reference-town marker only; it does not locate the exact historical headquarters, recipient, journey or battlefield position.", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced00davogoog/page/n447/mode/1up", "date": "1812-11-12", "letterIds": [ "davout-1137" ], "alias_check_note": "The printed dateline Smolensk matches the modern Russian city name." }, { "id": "ratzeburg", "name": "Ratzebourg (Ratzeburg)", "lat": 53.6996, "lon": 10.7726, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2850132/", "coordinate_source_revision_url": null, "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames cities500 gazetteer downloaded 25 October 2026: record 2850132, PPLA3, DE; coordinates 53.69965,10.77256, rounded to 4 decimals. Gazetteer source: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities500.zip", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Ratzebourg appears among the aliases of Ratzeburg in Germany. Approximate modern reference-town marker only; it does not locate the exact historical headquarters, recipient, journey or battlefield position.", "note": "Ratzebourg appears among the aliases of Ratzeburg in Germany. Approximate modern reference-town marker only; it does not locate the exact historical headquarters, recipient, journey or battlefield position.", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced02davogoog/page/n291/mode/1up", "date": "1813-11-06", "letterIds": [ "davout-1480" ], "alias_check_note": "Ratzebourg appears among the aliases of Ratzeburg in Germany." }, { "id": "bourges", "name": "Bourges", "lat": 47.0833, "lon": 2.4, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3031005/", "coordinate_source_revision_url": null, "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames cities500 gazetteer downloaded 25 October 2026: record 3031005, PPLA2, FR; coordinates 47.08333,2.4, rounded to 4 decimals. Gazetteer source: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities500.zip", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "The printed dateline Bourges matches the modern French town name. Approximate modern reference-town marker only; it does not locate the exact historical headquarters, recipient, journey or battlefield position.", "note": "The printed dateline Bourges matches the modern French town name. Approximate modern reference-town marker only; it does not locate the exact historical headquarters, recipient, journey or battlefield position.", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced02davogoog/page/n638/mode/1up", "date": "1815-07-27", "letterIds": [ "davout-1824", "davout-1830" ], "alias_check_note": "The printed dateline Bourges matches the modern French town name." }, { "id": "tudela", "name": "Tudela (Navarre)", "lat": 42.06166, "lon": -1.60452, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3107418/tudela.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 3107418, Navarre, Spain; coordinates inspected 25 October 2026.", "mapping_status": "approximate-modern-town", "note": "Writing town explicitly attributed in the 25 November 1808 introduction within the Tudela campaign. No battlefield coordinate inferred." }, { "id": "burgos", "name": "Burgos", "lat": 42.34106, "lon": -3.70184, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3127461/burgos.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 3127461, Castile and León, Spain; coordinates inspected 25 October 2026.", "mapping_status": "approximate-modern-town", "note": "Writing origin explicitly attributed for 14 January 1809; Zaragoza is the subsequent intended command destination." }, { "id": "neustadt-donau", "name": "Neustadt (Neustadt an der Donau)", "lat": 48.80705, "lon": 11.76952, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2864056/neustadt-an-der-donau.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames 2864056, Bavaria, Germany; coordinates inspected 25 October 2026.", "mapping_status": "approximate-modern-town-contextual-identification", "note": "Thoumas prints only Neustadt for 20 April 1809. The Bavarian campaign and joining Napoleon at Donauwörth support Neustadt an der Donau. Municipal history places Napoleon’s troops here on 20 April 1809 en route to Abensberg: https://geschichtsweg.neustadt-donau.de/startrundgang/napoleon-1809. This is a stated contextual identification, not a coordinate from the letter." }, { "id": "preussisch-eylau", "name": "Preussisch-Eylau (Bagrationovsk)", "lat": 54.3871, "lon": 20.6437, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/579760/", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames cities500 gazetteer downloaded 25 October 2026: record 579760, PPLA2, RU; coordinates 54.38714,20.64372, rounded to 4 decimals. Gazetteer source: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities500.zip", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Explicit sender dateline; approximate modern town marker only, not an exact historical headquarters, recipient location or ordered destination. Historical names checked against the gazetteer aliases where applicable." }, { "id": "wehlau", "name": "Wehlau (Znamensk)", "lat": 54.614, "lon": 21.2272, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/462322/", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames cities500 gazetteer downloaded 25 October 2026: record 462322, PPL, RU; coordinates 54.61403,21.22722, rounded to 4 decimals. Gazetteer source: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities500.zip", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Explicit sender dateline; approximate modern town marker only, not an exact historical headquarters, recipient location or ordered destination. Historical names checked against the gazetteer aliases where applicable." }, { "id": "valladolid", "name": "Valladolid", "lat": 41.6554, "lon": -4.7235, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3106672/", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames cities500 gazetteer downloaded 25 October 2026: record 3106672, PPLA, ES; coordinates 41.65541,-4.72353, rounded to 4 decimals. Gazetteer source: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities500.zip", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Explicit sender dateline; approximate modern town marker only, not an exact historical headquarters, recipient location or ordered destination. Historical names checked against the gazetteer aliases where applicable." }, { "id": "landshut", "name": "Landshut", "lat": 48.5296, "lon": 12.1618, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2881485/", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames cities500 gazetteer downloaded 25 October 2026: record 2881485, PPLA2, DE; coordinates 48.52961,12.16179, rounded to 4 decimals. Gazetteer source: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities500.zip", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Explicit sender dateline; approximate modern town marker only, not an exact historical headquarters, recipient location or ordered destination. Historical names checked against the gazetteer aliases where applicable." }, { "id": "fontainebleau", "name": "Fontainebleau", "lat": 48.4091, "lon": 2.7018, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3018074/", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames cities500 gazetteer downloaded 25 October 2026: record 3018074, PPLA3, FR; coordinates 48.40908,2.70177, rounded to 4 decimals. Gazetteer source: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities500.zip", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Explicit sender dateline; approximate modern town marker only, not an exact historical headquarters, recipient location or ordered destination. Historical names checked against the gazetteer aliases where applicable." }, { "id": "gdansk", "name": "Danzig (Gdańsk)", "lat": 54.3523, "lon": 18.6491, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3099434/", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames cities500 gazetteer downloaded 25 October 2026: record 3099434, PPLA, PL; coordinates 54.35227,18.64912, rounded to 4 decimals. Gazetteer source: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities500.zip", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Explicit sender dateline; approximate modern town marker only, not an exact historical headquarters, recipient location or ordered destination. Historical names checked against the gazetteer aliases where applicable." }, { "id": "gzhatsk", "name": "Gzhatsk (Gagarin)", "lat": 55.5533, "lon": 34.9968, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/562237/", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames cities500 gazetteer downloaded 25 October 2026: record 562237, PPLA2, RU; coordinates 55.55329,34.99684, rounded to 4 decimals. Gazetteer source: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities500.zip", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Explicit sender dateline; approximate modern town marker only, not an exact historical headquarters, recipient location or ordered destination. Historical names checked against the gazetteer aliases where applicable." }, { "id": "dresden", "name": "Dresde (Dresden)", "lat": 51.0509, "lon": 13.7383, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2935022/", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames cities500 gazetteer downloaded 25 October 2026: record 2935022, PPLA, DE; coordinates 51.05089,13.73832, rounded to 4 decimals. Gazetteer source: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities500.zip", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Explicit sender dateline; approximate modern town marker only, not an exact historical headquarters, recipient location or ordered destination. Historical names checked against the gazetteer aliases where applicable." }, { "id": "laon", "name": "Laon", "lat": 49.5631, "lon": 3.6271, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3007477/", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames cities500 gazetteer downloaded 25 October 2026: record 3007477, PPLA2, FR; coordinates 49.5631,3.62714, rounded to 4 decimals. Gazetteer source: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities500.zip", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Explicit sender dateline; approximate modern town marker only, not an exact historical headquarters, recipient location or ordered destination. Historical names checked against the gazetteer aliases where applicable." }, { "id": "avesnes", "name": "Avesnes (Avesnes-sur-Helpe)", "lat": 50.1237, "lon": 3.9257, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3035698/", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames cities500 gazetteer downloaded 25 October 2026: record 3035698, PPLA3, FR; coordinates 50.12372,3.9257, rounded to 4 decimals. Gazetteer source: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities500.zip", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Explicit sender dateline; approximate modern town marker only, not an exact historical headquarters, recipient location or ordered destination. Historical names checked against the gazetteer aliases where applicable." }, { "id": "charlottenburg", "name": "Charlottenburg", "lat": 52.51667, "lon": 13.28333, "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "The 27 October 1806 dateline explicitly says Charlottenburg. The modern locality marker provides geographic context only. It does not identify a palace, writing room, or exact headquarters; the historical town is now within Berlin.", "identification_source_url": "https://www.berlin.de/ba-charlottenburg-wilmersdorf/ueber-den-bezirk/ortsteile/", "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2940187/charlottenburg.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames Charlottenburg locality record 2940187, coordinates read from its public Berlin search result on 25 October 2026; rounded to five decimal places. Approximate modern locality marker, not the palace or an exact 1806 headquarters." }, { "id": "pfaffenhofen-roth", "name": "Pfaffenhofen (Pfaffenhofen an der Roth)", "lat": 48.35454, "lon": 10.16184, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2854384/pfaffenhofen-an-der-roth.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames record 2854384, populated place in Landkreis Neu-Ulm, Bavaria: 48.35454, 10.16184; record and aliases inspected 25 October 2026.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Identified as Pfaffenhofen an der Roth from the Ulm/Elchingen campaign context and the municipality’s account of Napoleon staying here on 13–14 October 1805. This is a contextual town identification, not proof of Berthier’s exact headquarters or accommodation.", "historical_identity_source_url": "https://www.markt-pfaffenhofen.de/unser-markt/ein-blick-zurueck/geschichte", "note": "Sender dateline only. Approximate modern town marker, not an exact historical headquarters or recipient location; distinct from Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm and the village in Landkreis Roth." }, { "id": "merseburg", "name": "Merseburg", "lat": 51.35478, "lon": 11.98923, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2871736/merseburg.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames record 2871736, Merseburg in Saalekreis, Saxony-Anhalt: 51.35478, 11.98923; public record inspected 25 October 2026.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Explicit sender dateline; approximate modern town marker only, not an exact headquarters, recipient position or proof of delivery." }, { "id": "kutno", "name": "Kutno", "lat": 52.23064, "lon": 19.36409, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3094170/kutno.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames record 3094170 and coordinates inspected 27 October 2026. Approximate modern settlement marker.", "coordinate_verification_date": "2026-10-27", "geonames_id": 3094170, "country_code": "PL", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_identity_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/3094170/kutno.html", "historical_precision_note": "The dateline and surrounding Gostynin, Plock and Warsaw-route context identify Kutno in present-day Łódź Voivodeship. This is a contextual identification, not an exact historical headquarters or recipient location.", "note": "Sender dateline locality only. No destination, recipient presence, delivery or successful execution is inferred." }, { "id": "blonie", "name": "Blonie / Błonie", "lat": 52.19849, "lon": 20.61709, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/775820/blonie.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames record 775820 and coordinates inspected 27 October 2026. Approximate modern settlement marker.", "coordinate_verification_date": "2026-10-27", "geonames_id": 775820, "country_code": "PL", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_identity_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/775820/blonie.html", "historical_precision_note": "Identified contextually as Błonie west of Warsaw from the approach to Warsaw described in the letter, not another village named Błonie. This is a contextual identification, not an exact historical headquarters or recipient location.", "note": "Sender dateline locality only. No destination, recipient presence, delivery or successful execution is inferred." }, { "id": "makow-mazowiecki", "name": "Makow / Maków Mazowiecki", "lat": 52.86493, "lon": 21.10053, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/765430/makow-mazowiecki.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames record 765430 and coordinates inspected 27 October 2026. Approximate modern settlement marker.", "coordinate_verification_date": "2026-10-27", "geonames_id": 765430, "country_code": "PL", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_identity_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/765430/makow-mazowiecki.html", "historical_precision_note": "The Orzyc crossing and Rozan/Ostrolenka route context in the letter support Maków Mazowiecki. GeoNames also lists the historical alias Maków nad Orzycem (do 1928). This is a contextual identification, not an exact historical headquarters or recipient location.", "note": "Sender dateline locality only. No destination, recipient presence, delivery or successful execution is inferred." }, { "id": "jena", "name": "Jena / Iéna", "lat": 50.9288, "lon": 11.5899, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2895044/jena.html", "coordinate_source_note": "GeoNames populated-place record 2895044 inspected 2026-10-27. Source coordinates 50.92878, 11.58990, rounded to four decimals; approximate modern settlement marker only.", "coordinate_data_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2895044/jena.html", "coordinate_verification_date": "2026-10-27", "geonames_id": 2895044, "geonames_feature_code": "PPLA3", "country_code": "DE", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "historical_precision_note": "Town named by the printed Iéna datelines. Does not identify a particular building, bivouac, battlefield location or recipient presence.", "identification_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2895044/jena.html", "identification_source_note": "GeoNames explicitly lists French alternate name Iéna. Distinct from the existing unresolved jena-bivouac record.", "note": "Modern settlement marker for the sender’s Iéna dateline; not the unresolved bivouac near Jena." }, { "id": "mainz", "name": "Mainz / Mayence", "lat": 49.98185, "lon": 8.28008, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2874225/mainz.html", "coordinate_source_note": "Modern settlement coordinate checked on 27 October 2026. Approximate town marker only; it does not locate Napoleon’s headquarters, a recipient or a military unit.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Modern settlement coordinate checked on 27 October 2026. Approximate town marker only; it does not locate Napoleon’s headquarters, a recipient or a military unit." }, { "id": "gera", "name": "Gera", "lat": 50.88029, "lon": 12.08187, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.geonames.org/2921232/gera.html", "coordinate_source_note": "Modern settlement coordinate checked on 27 October 2026. Approximate town marker only; it does not locate Napoleon’s headquarters, a recipient or a military unit.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Modern settlement coordinate checked on 27 October 2026. Approximate town marker only; it does not locate Napoleon’s headquarters, a recipient or a military unit." }, { "id": "schleiz", "name": "Schleiz", "lat": 50.5833, "lon": 11.8167, "coordinate_source_url": "https://www.getty.edu/vow/TGNFullDisplay?english=Y&find=&nation=&place=&subjectid=1037680", "coordinate_source_note": "Modern settlement coordinate checked on 27 October 2026. Approximate town marker only; it does not locate Napoleon’s headquarters, a recipient or a military unit.", "mapping_status": "approximate town or area", "note": "Modern settlement coordinate checked on 27 October 2026. Approximate town marker only; it does not locate Napoleon’s headquarters, a recipient or a military unit." }, { "id": "ebersdorf-schleiz-unresolved", "name": "Ebersdorf / Schleiz (witnesses differ)", "lat": null, "lon": null, "mapping_status": "unresolved; do not plot", "note": "CG6-13246 is headed Ebersdorf, while the editor reports Schleiz on the minute. The atlas retains both readings and assigns no map pin to this letter." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "mazade1885-v1", "title": "Correspondance du maréchal Davout, prince d’Eckmühl : ses commandements, son ministère, 1801–1815", "url": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog", "edition": "Edited by Charles de Mazade. Paris: Plon, Nourrit et Cie, 1885. Volume I.", "notes": "Earlier coverage: Thirty-nine selected outgoing letters: twelve from 1803–1805, sixteen from autumn 1806 and eleven from winter 1806–1807. Recipient headings, datelines and quoted passages checked against the printed scan; no autograph manuscripts examined. English translations newly prepared. The earlier selection includes two datelines with no writing town and the explicitly normalised mixed date “14 frimaire 1805” in letter 125. The printed sequence has no outgoing letter dated 8–10 February 1807 between nos. 284 and 285. The command-beginnings extension adds two incoming Berthier letters, nos. 1–2, 29 August and 5 September 1803, pp. 3–8. Printed headings, dates, passages and signatures checked visually. Both datelines are Paris; no Davout location is inferred. The later-service extension adds outgoing letter 345, Tilsit, 21 July 1807, printed p. 484, reporting the previous day’s handover and departure. Heading, dateline and complete brief letter visually checked against the printed scan." }, { "id": "napoleon-oct1806", "title": "Napoleon’s correspondence — October 1806", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-octobre-1806/", "edition": "Historical correspondence transcribed by Histoire du Consulat et du Premier empire.", "notes": "Headings and text checked against the linked web transcriptions. No printed-facsimile or autograph comparison completed for these incoming letters." }, { "id": "napoleon-nov1806", "title": "Napoleon’s correspondence — November 1806", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-novembre-1806/", "edition": "Historical correspondence transcribed by Histoire du Consulat et du Premier empire.", "notes": "Headings and text checked against the linked web transcriptions. Page and edition letter numbers are left unassigned where absent." }, { "id": "davout-operations1896", "title": "Orders leading to Auerstedt", "url": "https://www.napoleon-series.org/military-info/battles/1806/auerstadt/c_davout.html", "edition": "The Napoleon Series transcription, quoting Opérations du 3e Corps 1806–1807 (Paris: Calmann Lévy, 1896).", "notes": "Two imperial-headquarters orders. The reproduced texts have no signatures; no personal authorship is assigned to Berthier." }, { "id": "natural-earth", "title": "Natural Earth — geographic outlines", "url": "https://www.naturalearthdata.com/about/terms-of-use/", "edition": "Public-domain 1:110m country boundaries; modern geography.", "notes": "These are present-day outlines for orientation, not 1803–1807 political borders. Town coordinates are approximate modern reference points; each place’s coordinate source is recorded in the downloadable collection." }, { "id": "napoleon-dec1806", "title": "Napoleon’s correspondence — December 1806", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-decembre-1806/", "edition": "Historical correspondence transcribed by Histoire du Consulat et du Premier empire (Robert Ouvrard).", "notes": "Selected headings and texts checked in the web transcription on 24 October 2026. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed; no edition page or letter number assigned where absent. Each letter links to its exact paginated web page." }, { "id": "napoleon-jan1807", "title": "Napoleon’s correspondence — January 1807", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-janvier-1807/", "edition": "Historical correspondence transcribed by Histoire du Consulat et du Premier empire (Robert Ouvrard).", "notes": "Selected headings and texts checked in the web transcription on 24 October 2026. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed; no edition page or letter number assigned where absent. Midnight datelines retain their printed calendar day." }, { "id": "napoleon-feb1807", "title": "Napoleon’s correspondence — February 1807", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-fevrier-1807/", "edition": "Historical correspondence and official bulletins transcribed by Histoire du Consulat et du Premier empire (Robert Ouvrard).", "notes": "Selected headings and texts checked in the web transcription on 24 October 2026. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. The 58th bulletin is an official French account, not a neutral assessment; its heading gives 9 February although its text mentions burials on 10 February." }, { "id": "foucart1890-prusse-v2", "title": "Campagne de Prusse (1806), d’après les archives de la guerre — Prenzlow–Lubeck", "url": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog", "edition": "P. Foucart. Paris: Librairie militaire Berger-Levrault et Cie, 1890. Second campaign volume (Prenzlow–Lubeck).", "notes": "7 outgoing Lannes letters selected from documents printed in this campaign history, not from a complete correspondence edition. Recipient headings, datelines and quoted French passages checked against the scan. English translations newly prepared. No autograph manuscripts examined. Editorial narrative and footnotes are distinguished from the reproduced letters; some letters are printed as extracts. The publication year was verified on the printed title page. Also selected: Berthier-to-Davout orders dated 23 and 27 October 1806, pp. 239–241 and 406. Printed headings attribute them to the Major General; no signatures are reproduced. Datelines and excerpts visually checked. The Berthier extension adds the 19 October 1806, 04:30 order to Lannes on p. 133. Complete order, dateline and Major-General-to-Lannes heading visually checked. No signature is reproduced; sender attribution rests on the printed office heading. The conditional Davout–Lannes crossing coordination is kept distinct from proof of execution, receipt or a personal relationship. The Murat extension adds Berthier’s noon order of 15 October 1806 (pp. 8–9), Napoleon’s 13:00 message of the same date (pp. 13–14) and Napoleon’s 26 October 10:00 order (pp. 364–365). Headings, datelines, passages and letter boundaries visually checked. No signatures reproduced; attributions follow printed headings. Uncertain intelligence and Foucart’s criticism of the Neustädt report are explicitly retained." }, { "id": "foucart1882-pologne-v1", "title": "Campagne de Pologne: novembre–décembre 1806 — janvier 1807 (Pultusk et Golymin), d’après les archives de la guerre", "url": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepolog00foucgoog", "edition": "P. Foucart. Paris: Librairie militaire Berger-Levrault & Cie, 1882. Tome premier.", "notes": "3 outgoing Lannes letters selected from documents printed in this campaign history, not from a complete correspondence edition. Recipient headings, datelines and quoted French passages checked against the scan. English translations newly prepared. No autograph manuscripts examined. Editorial narrative and footnotes are distinguished from the reproduced letters; some letters are printed as extracts. The publication year was verified on the printed title page. Also selected: Berthier-to-Davout order of 29 October 1806, pp. 1–2. Its heading, dateline, excerpt and editorial cross-reference to the 27 October bread order were visually checked. No signature is reproduced. Murat extension: four outgoing documents dated 24 November, 27 November, 6 December and 28 December 1806, pp. 157–158, 175–176, 243–244 and 518–520. Printed headings, datelines, selected passages and document boundaries visually checked; no signature reproduced. The 24 November and 6 December items are already editorial extracts. Some unquoted text on degraded even-page scans is not fully deciphered; checked quotations remain legible. English translations newly prepared; no autograph manuscripts examined. The Murat extension adds Napoleon’s noon letter of 5 December 1806, pp. 230–232. Heading and dateline on p. 230 and a fully legible passage on p. 231 visually checked. Right-edge clipping affects other text on pp. 230 and 232; no complete transcription is claimed. No signature reproduced." }, { "id": "geonames-lannes", "title": "GeoNames — settlement coordinates", "url": "https://www.geonames.org/about.html", "edition": "GeoNames geographical database, CC BY 4.0. Settlement records checked 24 October 2026.", "notes": "Seven new approximate modern town markers use GeoNames coordinates, rounded to four decimal places; each record links to its source. Pasewalk uses the cited English Wikipedia town coordinate. The gazetteer identifies modern reference towns, not historical headquarters or routes. Nakło’s historical name also uses the cited Polish place-name dictionary. A further twenty approximate settlement or district markers were verified on 25 October 2026 for the 1803–1805 extension, using sixteen GeoNames pages, three official export records and Söflingen’s RDF record. Historical-name evidence and coordinate methods are linked separately in each place record, including municipal support for Menitz/Měnín and Lundenbourg/Břeclav." }, { "id": "thoumas1891-lannes", "title": "Le maréchal Lannes", "url": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog", "edition": "Le général Charles-Antoine Thoumas. Paris: Calmann Lévy, 1891.", "notes": "Selected letter extracts reproduced in a biography, including a 2 December 1799 letter on printed p. 65. Printed date/recipient introductions and selected quoted French passages visually checked. Where the year comes from the surrounding chronology or a writing-place dateline is absent, the record says so explicitly and does not infer a map position. Editorial narrative is distinguished from letter text. This is not a complete correspondence or a manuscript examination. English translations newly prepared. The service extension adds ten selected 1807–1809 letter extracts, including Berthier’s reply of 31 January 1807. Date/recipient introductions and quoted passages checked against printed pp. 194–195, 216–217, 235, 239–240, 249, 259–260, 265 and 278. The author’s prose supplies dates and, for four outgoing extracts, writing towns; those editorial attributions are disclosed. No reproduced signatures or underlying autograph manuscripts were checked. Unstated writing towns remain null. Participant claims, casualty estimates and predictions remain attributed." }, { "id": "alombert-colin1904-v3p1", "title": "La campagne de 1805 en Allemagne — Tome troisième, 1er volume", "url": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena00coligoog", "edition": "P.-C. Alombert and J. Colin. Published under the direction of the Section historique de l’État-Major de l’Armée. Paris: Librairie militaire R. Chapelot et Cie, 1904.", "notes": "Two selected outgoing Lannes letters reproduced in the documentary campaign history, printed pp. 397–398 and 562. The 1904 edition year was verified on the title page; the generic Archive catalogue year is not used. Recipient headings, datelines and selected French passages visually checked. No autograph manuscripts examined. English translations newly prepared. Also selected: two Berthier-to-Davout orders, 7 and 11 October 1805, printed pp. 244–245 and 586. Their headings, datelines, excerpts and printed Berthier signatures were visually checked. The Berthier extension adds three direct orders to Lannes dated 8, 9 and 10 October 1805, printed pp. 312–313, 396–397 and 468. Complete printed orders, recipient headings, datelines and closing “Maréchal Berthier” signatures visually checked; no autograph manuscripts examined. Republican and Gregorian dates both appear in the edition. Murat extension: report to Napoleon, 8 October 1805, pp. 316–317. Heading, date, selected passages, printed Murat signature, postscript and boundary visually checked; provisional victory figures remain attributed claims. No autograph examined. The Murat extension adds Berthier’s order of 8 October 1805, pp. 313–314: heading, dual-calendar dateline, complete letter and printed signature visually checked." }, { "id": "alombert-colin1904-v3p2", "title": "La campagne de 1805 en Allemagne — Tome troisième, 2e volume", "url": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena02coligoog", "edition": "P.-C. Alombert and J. Colin. Published under the direction of the Section historique de l’État-Major de l’Armée. Paris: Librairie militaire R. Chapelot et Cie, 1904.", "notes": "Three selected outgoing Lannes letters reproduced in the documentary campaign history, printed pp. 681–682, 830 and 984–985. The 1904 edition year was verified on the title page. The letter printed beneath the chapter heading 13 October is explicitly dated 12 October at 11.30 p.m.; its letter dateline is retained. Recipient headings, datelines and selected French passages visually checked. No autograph manuscripts examined. English translations newly prepared. The Berthier extension adds two distinct direct orders to Lannes of 13 October 1805 (pp. 689–690 and 699) and one of 23 October (p. 1078). Complete printed orders, recipient headings, datelines and closing “Maréchal Berthier” signatures visually checked; no autograph manuscripts examined. Unknown writing hours remain null; same-day order of dispatch is not inferred. Murat extension: letter to Napoleon, 12 October 1805, pp. 613–614. Heading, date, selected passage and printed Murat closing visually checked. The preceding Napoleon letter is separate. No autograph examined." }, { "id": "napoleon-sep1803", "title": "Napoleon’s correspondence — September 1803", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-septembre-1803/", "edition": "Historical correspondence transcribed by Histoire du Consulat et du Premier empire (Robert Ouvrard).", "notes": "Selected headings and complete transcribed letters inspected on 25 October 2026. No printed-facsimile or autograph comparison completed. Page and edition letter numbers remain unassigned where absent; each record links to its exact paginated web page. Authorship follows the individual letter, not the collection title." }, { "id": "napoleon-mar1804", "title": "Napoleon’s correspondence — March 1804", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-mars-1804/", "edition": "Historical correspondence transcribed by Histoire du Consulat et du Premier empire (Robert Ouvrard).", "notes": "Selected headings and complete transcribed letters inspected on 25 October 2026. No printed-facsimile or autograph comparison completed. Page and edition letter numbers remain unassigned where absent; each record links to its exact paginated web page. Authorship follows the individual letter, not the collection title." }, { "id": "napoleon-apr1804", "title": "Napoleon’s correspondence — April 1804", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-avril-1804/", "edition": "Historical correspondence transcribed by Histoire du Consulat et du Premier empire (Robert Ouvrard).", "notes": "Selected headings and complete transcribed letters inspected on 25 October 2026. No printed-facsimile or autograph comparison completed. Page and edition letter numbers remain unassigned where absent; each record links to its exact paginated web page. Authorship follows the individual letter, not the collection title." }, { "id": "napoleon-apr1805", "title": "Napoleon’s correspondence — April 1805", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-avril-1805/", "edition": "Historical correspondence transcribed by Histoire du Consulat et du Premier empire (Robert Ouvrard).", "notes": "Selected headings and complete transcribed letters inspected on 25 October 2026. No printed-facsimile or autograph comparison completed. Page and edition letter numbers remain unassigned where absent; each record links to its exact paginated web page. Authorship follows the individual letter, not the collection title." }, { "id": "napoleon-sep1805", "title": "Napoleon’s correspondence — September 1805", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-septembre-1805/", "edition": "Historical correspondence transcribed by Histoire du Consulat et du Premier empire (Robert Ouvrard).", "notes": "Selected headings and complete transcribed letters inspected on 25 October 2026. No printed-facsimile or autograph comparison completed. Page and edition letter numbers remain unassigned where absent; each record links to its exact paginated web page. Authorship follows the individual letter, not the collection title." }, { "id": "napoleon-oct1805", "title": "Napoleon’s correspondence — October 1805", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-octobre-1805/", "edition": "Historical correspondence transcribed by Histoire du Consulat et du Premier empire (Robert Ouvrard).", "notes": "Selected headings and complete transcribed letters inspected on 25 October 2026. No printed-facsimile or autograph comparison completed. Page and edition letter numbers remain unassigned where absent; each record links to its exact paginated web page. Authorship follows the individual letter, not the collection title." }, { "id": "napoleon-nov1805", "title": "Napoleon’s correspondence — November 1805", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-novembre-1805/", "edition": "Historical correspondence transcribed by Histoire du Consulat et du Premier empire (Robert Ouvrard).", "notes": "Selected headings and complete transcribed letters inspected on 25 October 2026. No printed-facsimile or autograph comparison completed. Page and edition letter numbers remain unassigned where absent; each record links to its exact paginated web page. Authorship follows the individual letter, not the collection title." }, { "id": "blocqueville1879-v1", "title": "Le Maréchal Davout, prince d’Eckmühl, raconté par les siens et par lui-même — Années de jeunesse", "url": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchaldavout00eckmgoog", "edition": "A.-L. d’Eckmühl, marquise de Blocqueville. Paris: Didier et Cie, 1879. Volume I.", "notes": "One selected letter, 18 nivôse an VIII (8 January 1800), printed on pp. 336–337. Heading, dateline and selected passage visually checked in the digitised printed edition. This is a family-edited nineteenth-century publication of correspondence, not an autograph manuscript check; surrounding biography is not treated as Davout’s text. The printed camp-name Belbia remains geographically unresolved." }, { "id": "blocqueville1879-v2", "title": "Le Maréchal Davout, prince d’Eckmühl, raconté par les siens et par lui-même — Années de commandement", "url": "https://archive.org/details/blocqueville-le-marechal-davout-prince-d-eckmuhl-v-2", "edition": "A.-L. d’Eckmühl, marquise de Blocqueville. Paris: Didier et Cie, 1879. Volume II.", "notes": "Four selected letters, August 1800–April 1802, printed on pp. 3–7 and 30–31. Recipient headings or explicit editorial identification, datelines and selected passages visually checked against printed scans. Family-edited correspondence; manuscripts not examined. The April 1802 letter has no writing town, so no sender position is supplied." }, { "id": "blocqueville1887", "title": "Le Maréchal Davout, prince d’Eckmühl — Correspondance inédite, 1790–1815", "url": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchaldavoutp01bloc", "edition": "A.-L. d’Eckmühl, marquise de Blocqueville. Paris: Librairie académique Didier, Perrin et Cie, 1887.", "notes": "Two selected letters printed on pp. 47 and 67, dated 2 frimaire an IX and 16 floréal an VIII. Heading, dateline and passage checked visually against the printed scan; no autograph manuscripts examined. The Toulon day is 16, despite a misleading OCR reading of 10. The book’s broad title does not imply complete coverage in this selection." }, { "id": "archives-chalon-calendar", "title": "Calendrier républicain — table de concordance", "url": "https://archives.chalon.fr/r/43/calendrier-republicain/", "edition": "Archives municipales de Chalon-sur-Saône, research aid, accessed 25 October 2026.", "notes": "Calendar normalization aid, not a correspondence source. The table gives 1st and 15th day equivalents; the seven displayed Gregorian dates were calculated by adding the stated small day offsets to the appropriate year/month anchor. Original Republican dates remain in the letter notes. Exact arithmetic is recorded in the research provenance." }, { "id": "cugnac1900-reserve-v1-transcription", "title": "Campagne de l’armée de réserve en 1800 — Première partie: Passage du Grand-Saint-Bernard", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20191029155323/http://www.simmonsgames.com/research/authors/Cugnac/ArmeeReserve/TOCFrench.html", "edition": "Capitaine de Cugnac. Paris: R. Chapelot et Cie, 1900. Preserved French transcription published by Simmons Games.", "notes": "Three selected outgoing Lannes letters, printed pagination 390–391, 451 and 457–458. Full letter transcriptions, headings and Republican/Gregorian dates inspected; the underlying printed page images and autograph manuscripts were not examined for these records. Cugnac’s editorial notes remain separate. English translations newly prepared. Archived links may load slowly." }, { "id": "cugnac1901-reserve-v2-transcription", "title": "Campagne de l’armée de réserve en 1800 — Deuxième partie: Marengo", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20191029155323/http://www.simmonsgames.com/research/authors/Cugnac/ArmeeReserve/TOCFrench.html", "edition": "Capitaine de Cugnac. Paris: R. Chapelot et Cie, 1901. Preserved French transcription published by Simmons Games.", "notes": "The Lannes letter of 27 May 1800, printed pp. 21–22, was inspected as a full public transcription, including the recipient heading and Republican/Gregorian date. Printed page images and autograph manuscript not examined. Editorial discussion is not promoted into letter text. English translation newly prepared. Archived links may load slowly." }, { "id": "valmy1854-campagne1800", "title": "Histoire de la campagne de 1800, écrite d’après des documents nouveaux et inédits", "url": "https://archive.org/details/histoiredelacam00unkngoog", "edition": "Duc de Valmy, fils du général Kellermann. Paris: J. Dumaine, 1854.", "notes": "Lannes’s Marengo report is printed as document no. 8 in the pièces justificatives, pp. 264–266. Title page, recipient heading, Republican dateline and selected French passage visually checked. The report is distinct from the author’s later campaign narrative. No autograph manuscript examined; English translation newly prepared." }, { "id": "napoleon1859-v3", "title": "Correspondance de Napoléon Ier — tome troisième (1859)", "url": "https://archive.org/details/correspondancede03napouoft", "edition": "Correspondance de Napoléon Ier, publiée par ordre de l’Empereur Napoléon III. Tome troisième. Paris: Henri Plon and J. Dumaine, 1859.", "notes": "Title page and selected complete letters visually checked in the digitised printed volume on 25 October 2026. Each selected letter carries the printed signature BONAPARTE. These are nineteenth-century editorial reproductions, not autograph checks. The Gregorian dates are the conversions supplied beside the Republican dates in the edition. OCR was used for discovery only; excerpts were checked against page images. Title-page scan: https://archive.org/details/correspondancede03napouoft/page/n9/mode/1up" }, { "id": "napoleon1860-v4", "title": "Correspondance de Napoléon Ier — tome quatrième (1860)", "url": "https://archive.org/details/correspondancede04napouoft", "edition": "Correspondance de Napoléon Ier, publiée par ordre de l’Empereur Napoléon III. Tome quatrième. Paris: Henri Plon and J. Dumaine, 1860.", "notes": "Title page and selected complete letters visually checked in the digitised printed volume on 25 October 2026. Each selected letter carries the printed signature BONAPARTE. These are nineteenth-century editorial reproductions, not autograph checks. The Gregorian dates are the conversions supplied beside the Republican dates in the edition. OCR was used for discovery only; excerpts were checked against page images. Title-page scan: https://archive.org/details/correspondancede04napouoft/page/n9/mode/1up" }, { "id": "napoleon1861-v6", "title": "Correspondance de Napoléon Ier — tome sixième (1861)", "url": "https://archive.org/details/correspondancede06napouoft", "edition": "Correspondance de Napoléon Ier, publiée par ordre de l’Empereur Napoléon III. Tome sixième. Paris: Henri Plon and J. Dumaine, 1861.", "notes": "Title page and selected complete letters visually checked in the digitised printed volume on 25 October 2026. Each selected letter carries the printed signature BONAPARTE. These are nineteenth-century editorial reproductions, not autograph checks. The Gregorian dates are the conversions supplied beside the Republican dates in the edition. OCR was used for discovery only; excerpts were checked against page images. Title-page scan: https://archive.org/details/correspondancede06napouoft/page/n9/mode/1up" }, { "id": "napoleon1863-v11", "title": "Correspondance de Napoléon Ier — tome onzième (1863)", "url": "https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Ha3SAAAAMAAJ", "edition": "Correspondance de Napoléon Ier, publiée par ordre de l’empereur Napoléon III. Tome onzième. Paris: Henri Plon and J. Dumaine, 1863.", "notes": "Printed title page and direct order no. 9268 to Lannes (26 September 1805), p. 249, visually checked. The separate organisational letter no. 9158 to Berthier (29 August), pp. 158–159, is checked as context for the command milestone and is not added to the direct-correspondence selection. This edited publication is the inspected witness; no autograph examination. English translation newly prepared." }, { "id": "napoleon1858-v1", "title": "Correspondance de Napoléon Ier — tome premier (1858)", "url": "https://archive.org/details/correspondancede01napouoft", "edition": "Correspondance de Napoléon Ier, publiée par ordre de l’Empereur Napoléon III. Tome premier. Paris: Henri Plon and J. Dumaine, 1858.", "notes": "Title page and complete selected letter no. 633, printed p. 400, visually checked on 25 October 2026. French text and printed BONAPARTE signature checked against the page image; no underlying manuscript examined. Gregorian date follows the edition’s printed conversion. Title page: https://archive.org/details/correspondancede01napouoft/page/n9/mode/1up" }, { "id": "fondation-napoleon-cg1-chronology", "title": "Fondation Napoléon — chronology of Correspondance générale, volume I", "url": "https://www.napoleon.org/histoire-des-2-empires/chronologies/chronologie-de-la-correspondance-generale-de-napoleon-bonaparte-tome-premier-les-apprentissages-1784-1797", "edition": "Chronology published with Correspondance générale de Napoléon Bonaparte, tome I: Les apprentissages, 1784–1797. Fayard, 2004; reproduced by the Fondation Napoléon.", "notes": "Authoritative modern editorial chronology inspected on 25 October 2026. Used for separate command-context milestones, not as a primary letter transcription or an inspected appointment decree. The chosen dates are 26 October 1795, 2 March 1796 and 9 April 1796. No milestone is counted as a correspondence document." }, { "id": "mazade1885-v2", "title": "Correspondance du maréchal Davout — Volume 2", "url": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced01davogoog", "edition": "Edited by Charles de Mazade. Paris: Plon, Nourrit et Cie, 1885. Volume 2.", "notes": "4 selected outgoing letters. Printed recipient headings, datelines and quoted passages visually checked against the digitised 1885 edition; no autograph manuscripts examined. English translations newly prepared. This is a representative selection, not a complete corpus or itinerary." }, { "id": "mazade1885-v3", "title": "Correspondance du maréchal Davout — Volume 3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced00davogoog", "edition": "Edited by Charles de Mazade. Paris: Plon, Nourrit et Cie, 1885. Volume 3.", "notes": "7 selected outgoing letters. Printed recipient headings, datelines and quoted passages visually checked against the digitised 1885 edition; no autograph manuscripts examined. English translations newly prepared. This is a representative selection, not a complete corpus or itinerary." }, { "id": "mazade1885-v4", "title": "Correspondance du maréchal Davout — Volume 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced02davogoog", "edition": "Edited by Charles de Mazade. Paris: Plon, Nourrit et Cie, 1885. Volume 4.", "notes": "7 selected outgoing letters. Printed recipient headings, datelines and quoted passages visually checked against the digitised 1885 edition; no autograph manuscripts examined. English translations newly prepared. This is a representative selection, not a complete corpus or itinerary. The 1814 context uses a retrospective siege memoir attributed by Mazade on p. 287 to chief of staff César de Laville, written under Davout’s inspiration; it is not entered as a dated letter. The editor’s favourable judgments are not adopted as independent evidence. Letter 1830 expressly reports command handover on 1 August 1815." }, { "id": "manuscripta-lannes-1809-05-16", "title": "Lannes to Louise, Vienna, 16 May 1809 — catalogue transcription", "url": "https://www.autographes-manuscripta.com/catalogue/le-marechal-jean-lannes-lettre-autographe-signee/", "edition": "Autographes Manuscripta, public catalogue listing of an autograph signed letter; accessed 25 October 2026.", "notes": "The selected continuous French paragraph and catalogue date/place/addressee attribution were checked in the web transcription. No manuscript image or printed facsimile was examined. The catalogue’s modern historical narrative is not primary evidence; its early statement conflating 22 May wounding and death is excluded. English translation newly prepared." }, { "id": "defense-lannes-service", "title": "French Ministry of the Armed Forces — Le Maréchal Lannes", "url": "https://www.defense.gouv.fr/en/node/3435", "edition": "Ministry historical biography, consulted 25 October 2026.", "notes": "Institutional secondary source for the distinct 22 May 1809 wounding and 31 May 1809 death milestones. Search-indexed text inspected; direct page retrieval timed out. No deathbed speech adopted." }, { "id": "francearchives-lannes", "title": "FranceArchives — Jean Lannes", "url": "https://francearchives.gouv.fr/fr/pages_histoire/40080", "edition": "Georges Courtès; institutional historical notice, updated 9 March 2023.", "notes": "Institutional secondary source for death at Ebersdorf near Vienna on 31 May 1809 following his Essling wound. Indexed article text inspected; the direct page returned a JavaScript/cookies gate. These dates are context, not correspondence records." }, { "id": "napoleon-jun1807", "title": "Napoleon correspondence — 1807-06 (web transcription)", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-juin-1807/", "edition": "Historical letter transcriptions published on Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire (Robert Ouvrard).", "notes": "2 selected direct letter(s) to Davout or Lannes. Complete individual headings, datelines and letter bodies inspected on 25 October 2026. No printed scan, autograph or underlying archival witness examined; no unverified printed page or letter number supplied. Whitespace and soft hyphens normalised; English translations newly prepared. These are attributed primary-text transcriptions, not a critical edition verified against manuscripts. Page(s): https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-juin-1807/ The Murat extension adds the 13 June 1807, 16:00 order to gather boats on the Pregel. The complete individual web transcription, heading, dateline and selected sentence were checked on 27 October 2026. No printed scan or manuscript was examined; verification remains transcription-checked." }, { "id": "napoleon-oct1808", "title": "Napoleon correspondence — 1808-10 (web transcription)", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-octobre-1808/", "edition": "Historical letter transcriptions published on Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire (Robert Ouvrard).", "notes": "1 selected direct letter(s) to Davout or Lannes. Complete individual headings, datelines and letter bodies inspected on 25 October 2026. No printed scan, autograph or underlying archival witness examined; no unverified printed page or letter number supplied. Whitespace and soft hyphens normalised; English translations newly prepared. These are attributed primary-text transcriptions, not a critical edition verified against manuscripts. Page(s): https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-octobre-1808/" }, { "id": "napoleon-jan1809", "title": "Napoleon correspondence — 1809-01 (web transcription)", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-janvier-1809/", "edition": "Historical letter transcriptions published on Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire (Robert Ouvrard).", "notes": "1 selected direct letter(s) to Davout or Lannes. Complete individual headings, datelines and letter bodies inspected on 25 October 2026. No printed scan, autograph or underlying archival witness examined; no unverified printed page or letter number supplied. Whitespace and soft hyphens normalised; English translations newly prepared. These are attributed primary-text transcriptions, not a critical edition verified against manuscripts. Page(s): https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-janvier-1809/" }, { "id": "napoleon-apr1809", "title": "Napoleon correspondence — 1809-04 (web transcription)", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-avril-1809/", "edition": "Historical letter transcriptions published on Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire (Robert Ouvrard).", "notes": "3 selected direct letter(s) to Davout or Lannes. Complete individual headings, datelines and letter bodies inspected on 25 October 2026. No printed scan, autograph or underlying archival witness examined; no unverified printed page or letter number supplied. Whitespace and soft hyphens normalised; English translations newly prepared. These are attributed primary-text transcriptions, not a critical edition verified against manuscripts. Page(s): https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-avril-1809/" }, { "id": "napoleon-may1809", "title": "Napoleon correspondence — 1809-05 (web transcription)", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-mai-1809/", "edition": "Historical letter transcriptions published on Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire (Robert Ouvrard).", "notes": "1 selected direct letter(s) to Davout or Lannes. Complete individual headings, datelines and letter bodies inspected on 25 October 2026. No printed scan, autograph or underlying archival witness examined; no unverified printed page or letter number supplied. Whitespace and soft hyphens normalised; English translations newly prepared. These are attributed primary-text transcriptions, not a critical edition verified against manuscripts. Page(s): https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-mai-1809/" }, { "id": "napoleon-oct1810", "title": "Napoleon correspondence — 1810-10 (web transcription)", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-octobre-1810/", "edition": "Historical letter transcriptions published on Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire (Robert Ouvrard).", "notes": "1 selected direct letter(s) to Davout or Lannes. Complete individual headings, datelines and letter bodies inspected on 25 October 2026. No printed scan, autograph or underlying archival witness examined; no unverified printed page or letter number supplied. Whitespace and soft hyphens normalised; English translations newly prepared. These are attributed primary-text transcriptions, not a critical edition verified against manuscripts. Page(s): https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-octobre-1810/" }, { "id": "napoleon-sep1811", "title": "Napoleon correspondence — 1811-09 (web transcription)", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-septembre-1811/", "edition": "Historical letter transcriptions published on Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire (Robert Ouvrard).", "notes": "1 selected direct letter(s) to Davout or Lannes. Complete individual headings, datelines and letter bodies inspected on 25 October 2026. No printed scan, autograph or underlying archival witness examined; no unverified printed page or letter number supplied. Whitespace and soft hyphens normalised; English translations newly prepared. These are attributed primary-text transcriptions, not a critical edition verified against manuscripts. Page(s): https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-septembre-1811/" }, { "id": "napoleon-jun1812", "title": "Napoleon correspondence — 1812-06 (web transcription)", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-juin-1812/", "edition": "Historical letter transcriptions published on Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire (Robert Ouvrard).", "notes": "1 selected direct letter(s) to Davout or Lannes. Complete individual headings, datelines and letter bodies inspected on 25 October 2026. No printed scan, autograph or underlying archival witness examined; no unverified printed page or letter number supplied. Whitespace and soft hyphens normalised; English translations newly prepared. These are attributed primary-text transcriptions, not a critical edition verified against manuscripts. Page(s): https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-juin-1812/" }, { "id": "napoleon-sep1812", "title": "Napoleon correspondence — 1812-09 (web transcription)", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-septembre-1812/", "edition": "Historical letter transcriptions published on Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire (Robert Ouvrard).", "notes": "1 selected direct letter(s) to Davout or Lannes. Complete individual headings, datelines and letter bodies inspected on 25 October 2026. No printed scan, autograph or underlying archival witness examined; no unverified printed page or letter number supplied. Whitespace and soft hyphens normalised; English translations newly prepared. These are attributed primary-text transcriptions, not a critical edition verified against manuscripts. Page(s): https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-septembre-1812/" }, { "id": "napoleon-mar1813", "title": "Napoleon correspondence — 1813-03 (web transcription)", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-mars-1813/", "edition": "Historical letter transcriptions published on Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire (Robert Ouvrard).", "notes": "1 selected direct letter(s) to Davout or Lannes. Complete individual headings, datelines and letter bodies inspected on 25 October 2026. No printed scan, autograph or underlying archival witness examined; no unverified printed page or letter number supplied. Whitespace and soft hyphens normalised; English translations newly prepared. These are attributed primary-text transcriptions, not a critical edition verified against manuscripts. Page(s): https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-mars-1813/" }, { "id": "napoleon-jun1813", "title": "Napoleon correspondence — 1813-06 (web transcription)", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-juin-1813/3/", "edition": "Historical letter transcriptions published on Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire (Robert Ouvrard).", "notes": "1 selected direct letter(s) to Davout or Lannes. Complete individual headings, datelines and letter bodies inspected on 25 October 2026. No printed scan, autograph or underlying archival witness examined; no unverified printed page or letter number supplied. Whitespace and soft hyphens normalised; English translations newly prepared. These are attributed primary-text transcriptions, not a critical edition verified against manuscripts. Page(s): https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-juin-1813/3/" }, { "id": "napoleon-mar1815", "title": "Napoleon correspondence — 1815-03 (web transcription)", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-mars-1815/", "edition": "Historical letter transcriptions published on Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire (Robert Ouvrard).", "notes": "1 selected direct letter(s) to Davout or Lannes. Complete individual headings, datelines and letter bodies inspected on 25 October 2026. No printed scan, autograph or underlying archival witness examined; no unverified printed page or letter number supplied. Whitespace and soft hyphens normalised; English translations newly prepared. These are attributed primary-text transcriptions, not a critical edition verified against manuscripts. Page(s): https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-mars-1815/" }, { "id": "napoleon-jun1815", "title": "Napoleon correspondence — 1815-06 (web transcription)", "url": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-juin-1815/2/", "edition": "Historical letter transcriptions published on Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire (Robert Ouvrard).", "notes": "2 selected direct letter(s) to Davout or Lannes. Complete individual headings, datelines and letter bodies inspected on 25 October 2026. No printed scan, autograph or underlying archival witness examined; no unverified printed page or letter number supplied. Whitespace and soft hyphens normalised; English translations newly prepared. These are attributed primary-text transcriptions, not a critical edition verified against manuscripts. Page(s): https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-juin-1815/2/" }, { "id": "fondation-napoleon-cg15-cent-jours", "title": "Thierry Lentz: introduction to the Hundred Days correspondence", "url": "https://www.napoleon.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/introlentz_correspondancenap_vol-15_1814-1821_supplement_bat-3.pdf", "edition": "Fondation Napoléon, Correspondance générale de Napoléon Bonaparte, volume 15, introductory section Les Cent-Jours.", "notes": "Modern editorial context inspected for the 22 June 1815 endpoint as head of state; not counted as a direct correspondence document and not an inspected original abdication manuscript." }, { "id": "fondation-service-chronology", "title": "Vie et règne de Napoléon — selected dates", "url": "https://www.napoleon.org/histoire-des-2-empires/chronologies/vie-et-regne-de-napoleon", "edition": "Jean Tulard, Dictionnaire Napoléon (Fayard, 1987), reproduced by the Fondation Napoléon.", "notes": "Modern chronology checked 25 October 2026 for the 6 April 1814 abdication, 20 March 1815 return to Paris and 18 June 1815 Waterloo. Context only; no letter or contemporary decree is inferred." }, { "id": "foucart1882-pologne-v2", "title": "Campagne de Pologne: novembre–décembre 1806 — janvier 1807 (Pultusk et Golymin), d’après les archives de la guerre — Tome second", "url": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepolog00histgoog", "edition": "P. Foucart. Paris: Librairie militaire Berger-Levrault & Cie, 1882. Tome second.", "notes": "One selected Berthier-to-Davout order, printed pp. 73–74. The title page, recipient heading, dateline and quoted French passage were visually checked against the scan. The document is printed under the Major General’s heading, without a reproduced signature. No autograph manuscript examined. English translation newly prepared. This is a documentary campaign history, not a complete Berthier correspondence edition. The Murat extension adds Berthier’s order of 30 December 1806, pp. 45–47. Complete printed order, heading, dateline, selected passage and editorial footnote checked visually. The letter’s 30 December dateline is distinguished from the 31 December running header and claimed arrival time. No signature reproduced." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "title": "Napoleonica — Correspondance générale de Napoléon Bonaparte, volume 6 (1806)", "url": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/", "edition": "Fondation Napoléon, online edition of the Correspondance générale, CG6. Individual records consulted 27 October 2026.", "notes": "A bounded October 1806 selection of Napoleon’s correspondence to Berthier, Davout, Lannes and Murat. Selected original French passages and datelines checked against the edited transcriptions. English summaries and translations are newly prepared. Editorial witness notes are attributed and paraphrased; manuscript images were not inspected. Stable CG identifiers link to each complete source record. This collection is Napoleon’s correspondence, not a complete archive of letters written by all the marshals." } ], "letters": [ { "id": "incoming-1796-06-14-napoleon-lannes", "date": "1796-06-14", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "tortona", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Arrests and threatened house burning at Pozzolo", "summary": "From Tortona, Bonaparte orders Lannes to leave for Pozzolo at one in the morning the following day. Named inhabitants are to be arrested; if they cannot be found, their houses are to be burned. He also orders the village disarmed, its bells taken down, and prisoners and weapons sent to Tortona. The letter establishes the instruction, not its execution.", "excerptFrench": "Il fera arrêter les habitants dénommés dans l’état ci-joint, et, dans le cas où ils n’y seraient pas, il fera brûler leurs maisons. Il fera désarmer le village, descendre les cloches, et il enverra les armes et les prisonniers à Tortone.", "translationEnglish": "He will have the inhabitants named in the attached list arrested and, if they are not there, have their houses burned. He will have the village disarmed and the bells taken down, and send the weapons and prisoners to Tortona.", "sourceId": "napoleon1858-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondancede01napouoft/page/n410/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondancede01napouoft/page/n410/mode/1up", "page": "400", "letterNumber": "633", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Heading, dateline, complete letter, selected French passage and printed BONAPARTE signature visually checked on printed p. 400 of the 1858 edition. Title page also checked. No autograph manuscript examined. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed heading: 633. — AU CHEF DE BRIGADE LANNES. Dateline: Quartier général, Tortone, 26 prairial an IV (14 juin 1796). The Gregorian date is the conversion printed by the edition.", "The heading addresses Lannes as chef de brigade, the contemporary colonel-equivalent rank. It is not the rank général de brigade and does not make him a marshal in 1796. Bonaparte commands the Army of Italy.", "One in the morning is the ordered departure time on the following day, not a writing time. time remains null.", "The attached list is not reproduced here, and the letter does not itself state the individual accusations against those named. Neighbouring orders and proclamations are separate documents, not incorporated into this direct letter.", "The house burning is conditional on the named inhabitants not being found. This order does not independently prove arrests, burning, disarmament or delivery took place.", "The edition’s source acknowledgement is Collection Napoléon. A printed signature is not an autograph verification.", "Tortone is the sender’s dateline. Pozzolo is an intended destination; neither the addressee nor the order establishes Lannes’s presence or receipt. No recipient presence marker or travelled route is inferred." ], "themeId": "politics" }, { "id": "incoming-1798-02-06-napoleon-lannes", "date": "1798-02-06", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "paris", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "A flag recalling Arcole", "summary": "General Bonaparte assigns Lannes the flag awarded to him by the legislature in memory of Arcole. He praises Lannes’s conduct there and in the Italian campaign, presenting him as the fitting custodian of an honour shared with his grenadiers.", "excerptFrench": "Je vous vis constamment dans cette journée au premier rang des braves.", "translationEnglish": "Throughout that day I saw you constantly in the foremost rank of the brave.", "sourceId": "napoleon1859-v3", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondancede03napouoft/page/n497/mode/1up", "page": "485–486", "letterNumber": "2413", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Heading, dateline, complete letter, selected French passage and printed signature visually checked against the 1859 printed scan. The signature reads BONAPARTE. No autograph manuscript examined. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed heading: AU GÉNÉRAL DE BRIGADE LANNES. Dateline: Paris, 18 pluviôse an VI (1798-02-06). The Gregorian date follows the conversion printed beside the Republican date in this edition; it was not independently recalculated.", "This is a retrospective letter written in 1798, not a dispatch written during the 1796 battle of Arcole. Bonaparte’s account of Lannes’s wounds and battlefield conduct is an attributed contemporary claim, not independent verification of those events.", "Both men are generals at this date. Lannes is addressed as général de brigade; Bonaparte is neither First Consul nor Emperor.", "The edition attributes its underlying source to Archives de l’Empire; that acknowledgement is not a claim that an autograph has been examined.", "The place marker is the sender’s printed dateline only. The addressee, reported positions and intended movements do not establish the recipient’s presence or delivery of this letter." ], "themeId": "morale", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondancede03napouoft/page/n497/mode/1up" }, { "id": "incoming-1798-04-09-napoleon-lannes", "date": "1798-04-09", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "paris", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Rest and equip the guides before embarkation", "summary": "Bonaparte asks Lannes for cavalry arrival dates, then orders a day’s rest for his guides, an inspection of their equipment and payment of their military pay. They are to travel towards Toulon by Rhône boats if their horses can be carried, or by forced marches if boats are unavailable.", "excerptFrench": "Vous ferez une revue exacte de leur sellerie, de leur armement et de leur habillement; vous leur ferez donner ce qui pourrait leur manquer.", "translationEnglish": "You will carefully inspect their saddlery, arms and clothing, and have them issued whatever they may lack.", "sourceId": "napoleon1860-v4", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondancede04napouoft/page/n58/mode/1up", "page": "47–48", "letterNumber": "2486", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Heading, dateline, complete letter, selected French passage and printed signature visually checked against the 1860 printed scan. The signature reads BONAPARTE. No autograph manuscript examined. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed heading: AU GÉNÉRAL LANNES, A LYON. Dateline: Paris, 20 germinal an VI (1798-04-09). The Gregorian date follows the conversion printed beside the Republican date in this edition; it was not independently recalculated.", "The heading addresses Lannes at Lyon. It is an address, not proof of his presence there on 9 April or of the letter’s delivery.", "The body gives conditional transport instructions and intended arrival dates. It does not establish that the journey occurred as ordered.", "The military term prêt refers here to pay, not a loan. The source does not explicitly name Egypt in this letter.", "The edition’s source acknowledgement is Collection Napoléon. No underlying manuscript was checked.", "The place marker is the sender’s printed dateline only. The addressee, reported positions and intended movements do not establish the recipient’s presence or delivery of this letter." ], "themeId": "supplies", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondancede04napouoft/page/n57/mode/1up" }, { "id": "incoming-1798-08-30-napoleon-lannes", "date": "1798-08-30", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "cairo", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Stop firing on the Nile boats", "summary": "Bonaparte orders Lannes to stop the posts at Abou-Seyfeny firing on passing Nile boats. He says that firing obstructs navigation and that gunboats already stationed upstream and downstream are responsible for inspecting the vessels.", "excerptFrench": "Vous défendrez aux postes que vous avez au camp d’Abou-Seyfeny de tirer sur les djermes qui passent.", "translationEnglish": "You will forbid your posts at the camp of Abou-Seyfeny to fire on the passing djermes.", "sourceId": "napoleon1860-v4", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondancede04napouoft/page/n454/mode/1up", "page": "442", "letterNumber": "3197", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Heading, dateline, complete letter, selected French passage and printed signature visually checked against the 1860 printed scan. The signature reads BONAPARTE. No autograph manuscript examined. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed heading: AU GÉNÉRAL LANNES. Dateline: Quartier général, au Caire, 13 fructidor an VI (1798-08-30). The Gregorian date follows the conversion printed beside the Republican date in this edition; it was not independently recalculated.", "Djermes are Nile boats. Bonaparte’s following sentence—C’est le bon moyen d’empêcher la navigation—criticises the firing as an obstacle to navigation. It does not describe the effect of the order to stop firing.", "The named camp is a command reference in the letter; no exact camp location or Lannes position is plotted. Cairo is the sender’s headquarters dateline at city scale.", "The edition’s source acknowledgement is Collection Napoléon. No underlying manuscript was checked.", "The place marker is the sender’s printed dateline only. The addressee, reported positions and intended movements do not establish the recipient’s presence or delivery of this letter." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "lannes-1799-12-02-napoleon", "date": "1799-12-02", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": null, "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "After Brumaire: a partisan report of enthusiasm", "summary": "In a private letter to Bonaparte, Lannes presents the public response he says he has encountered after the coup of 18 Brumaire. He claims that enthusiasm centres on Bonaparte personally and ties support to the prospect of peace. This is a supporter’s political judgement, not an opinion survey.", "excerptFrench": "Un des caractères de la révolution du 18 Brumaire, c’est que vous seul pouviez la faire. Quel que soit le mérite de ceux qui ont partagé le péril et la gloire, dans tous les pays que j’ai parcourus, on ne crie ni « Vive Moreau! » ni « Vive Sieyès! » mais « Vive Bonaparte! »", "translationEnglish": "One characteristic of the revolution of 18 Brumaire is that you alone could have carried it out. Whatever the merit of those who shared its danger and glory, in all the places I have travelled through, the cry is neither “Long live Moreau!” nor “Long live Sieyès!” but “Long live Bonaparte!”", "sourceId": "thoumas1891-lannes", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n87/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n87/mode/1up", "page": "Quoted extract p. 65", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "The editor’s date and recipient introduction and the quoted French passage were visually checked on Thoumas’s printed p. 65. This is an extract within a later biography, not a complete original letter or an autograph examination. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Thoumas introduces a private letter addressed on 2 December to General Bonaparte. The year 1799 is supplied from the surrounding sequence after 18 Brumaire and before March 1800; it is not repeated in a reproduced letter dateline.", "The editor places Lannes’s headquarters at Lectoure, but no writing-place dateline is reproduced. placeId stays null rather than promoting surrounding narrative into a sender dateline.", "Lannes is a general, not yet a marshal; Bonaparte is First Consul, not emperor. The phrase revolution of 18 Brumaire is Lannes’s own description of the coup.", "The undated order about clemency that follows the quotation is a separate item and has not been merged into this letter." ], "themeId": "politics" }, { "id": "davout-1800-01-08-boyer", "date": "1800-01-08", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "boyer", "placeId": "belbia", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Reconnaissance while an armistice remains uncertain", "summary": "From a camp printed as Belbia, Davout asks Boyer for information about the grand vizier’s army. He says he will send reconnaissance towards a well on a possible Ottoman route to Suez and would move against an approaching column if the suspension of arms did not take effect. His planned movement is conditional. The letter also recounts reported violence at El-Arish, which is not independently verified here.", "excerptFrench": "Je vous invite, mon camarade, à me faire connaître ce qui pourra venir à votre connaissance sur l’armée du grand-vizir…", "translationEnglish": "I ask you, my comrade, to let me know whatever information reaches you about the grand vizier’s army…", "sourceId": "blocqueville1879-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchaldavout00eckmgoog/page/n379/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchaldavout00eckmgoog/page/n379/mode/1up", "page": "pp. 336–337; passage p. 336", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading or explicit editorial identification, printed dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the nineteenth-century printed scan. Manuscript not examined. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed dateline: Au camp de Belbia, le 18 nivôse an VIII.", "Calendar normalization: 15 nivôse VIII = 5 January 1800; adding 3 days gives 8 January 1800. Source: https://archives.chalon.fr/r/43/calendrier-republicain/", "Belbia is the printed name. A possible identification with Bilbeis has not been established; coordinates are deliberately absent. The camp cannot be placed from similarity of spelling alone.", "Boyer is addressed at Suez on p. 337. That is the recipient address, not evidence that Davout was at Suez.", "The excerpt ends before a relative clause; the ellipsis marks this editorial shortening. Casualty numbers and atrocity descriptions elsewhere in the letter are Davout’s reported claims, not independently established facts.", "Davout is a general in this period; the later marshal’s title belongs to the edition title, not to the contemporary letter." ], "themeId": "intelligence" }, { "id": "davout-1800-05-06-war-minister", "date": "1800-05-06", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "war-minister", "placeId": "toulon", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "A second quarantine after returning from Egypt", "summary": "Writing from the lazaret at Toulon, Davout reports that poor health led him, with Kléber’s consent, to leave Egypt with Desaix. He hopes a second quarantine will finish his recovery, but offers to take a new assignment if the government employs him. The heading calls him a général de brigade.", "excerptFrench": "J’espère que cette seconde quarantaine que l’on nous fait faire achèvera de me rétablir…", "translationEnglish": "I hope this second quarantine we are being made to undergo will complete my recovery…", "sourceId": "blocqueville1887", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchaldavoutp01bloc/page/n81/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchaldavoutp01bloc/page/n81/mode/1up", "page": "p. 67", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading or explicit editorial identification, printed dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the nineteenth-century printed scan. Manuscript not examined. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed dateline: Au Lazaret de Toulon, le 16 Floréal, an VIII de la République.", "Calendar normalization: 15 floréal VIII = 5 May 1800; adding 1 day gives 6 May 1800. Source: https://archives.chalon.fr/r/43/calendrier-republicain/", "The printed day was checked visually as 16; the OCR reading 10 is not used.", "The heading names the Minister of War by office, without an individual’s name; the recipient is retained as an office rather than silently assigned to Berthier.", "The town is documented, but a city marker would not identify the precise lazaret or establish the date on which the ship arrived.", "The excerpt is the opening clause of a longer sentence; the ellipsis marks the cut. Rest & quarters is used for quarantine and recovery, without claiming a battle wound." ], "themeId": "quarters" }, { "id": "incoming-1800-05-14-napoleon-davout", "date": "1800-05-14", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "lausanne", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Come to Paris when quarantine ends", "summary": "First Consul Bonaparte welcomes news of Davout’s arrival at Toulon, recalls his service at Aboukir and in Upper Egypt, and says that officers of his ability are needed as the campaign begins. He instructs Davout to go to Paris when his quarantine ends.", "excerptFrench": "Quand votre quarantaine sera finie, rendez-vous à Paris.", "translationEnglish": "When your quarantine is over, come to Paris.", "sourceId": "napoleon1861-v6", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondancede06napouoft/page/n284/mode/1up", "page": "274", "letterNumber": "4787", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Heading, dateline, complete letter, selected French passage and printed signature visually checked against the 1861 printed scan. The signature reads BONAPARTE. No autograph manuscript examined. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed heading: AU GÉNÉRAL DE BRIGADE DAVOUT. Dateline: Lausanne, 24 floréal an VIII (1800-05-14). The Gregorian date follows the conversion printed beside the Republican date in this edition; it was not independently recalculated.", "The letter reports Davout’s arrival at Toulon without providing an independently verified arrival date. It is not used to create a Davout presence marker.", "Paris is the destination explicitly stated in this letter. The wording is not replaced by instructions from other correspondence or an inference that Davout was ordered straight to Bonaparte in Italy.", "Davout is addressed as a brigade general; Bonaparte is First Consul, not Emperor.", "The edition attributes its underlying source to Archives de l’Empire. No underlying manuscript was checked.", "The place marker is the sender’s printed dateline only. The addressee, reported positions and intended movements do not establish the recipient’s presence or delivery of this letter." ], "themeId": "movement" }, { "id": "lannes-1800-05-16-berthier", "date": "1800-05-16", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "aosta", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Across the Alps: provisions and intercepted news", "summary": "From Aosta, Lannes reports his advance guard’s arrival and a short fight at the town. Wine and fodder seem available, but grain and food are scarce. He forwards letters found at the post office reporting danger to Nice and Genoa, illustrating how fresh movement and uncertain news arrive together.", "excerptFrench": "Le vin et les fourrages ne nous manqueront pas, mais nous serons très pauvres en grains et denrées.", "translationEnglish": "We shall not lack wine or fodder, but we shall be very short of grain and food supplies.", "sourceId": "cugnac1900-reserve-v1-transcription", "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20191215085758/http://www.simmonsgames.com/research/authors/Cugnac/ArmeeReserve/V1C9French.html#391", "letterSourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20191215085758/http://www.simmonsgames.com/research/authors/Cugnac/ArmeeReserve/V1C9French.html#390", "page": "Letter pp. 390–391; passage p. 391", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Full reproduced letter, recipient heading, Republican/Gregorian dateline and selected French passage inspected in the preserved Simmons Games transcription of Cugnac. The printed page images and autograph manuscript were not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Transcribed heading: Lannes, général de division, commandant l’avant-garde, au général en chef Berthier. Dateline: Aoste, le 26 floréal an 8 (16 mai 1800). The Gregorian date is the conversion supplied by the edition’s transcription.", "The reported eleven o’clock arrival is an event time, not the letter’s writing time. time remains null.", "The account of enemy losses and the intercepted news are Lannes’s reports. The letter does not independently establish the fall of Nice or a future surrender of Genoa.", "The source’s footnotes and surrounding campaign narrative are not part of Lannes’s signed letter.", "A writing-place dateline locates the sender at an approximate settlement only. It does not locate the recipient or every unit mentioned, and it does not establish a travelled route." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "lannes-1800-05-21-berthier-saint-martin", "date": "1800-05-21", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "pont-saint-martin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Waiting for ammunition beyond Bard", "summary": "Lannes passes on statements from five prisoners and urges the commander-in-chief to concentrate the army at Ivrea and secure Fort Bard. He stresses the limits of operations without artillery and says he is waiting for cartridges and cavalry. The prisoners’ claim that Genoa has already surrendered is reported intelligence, not a confirmed event.", "excerptFrench": "Il n’y a donc pas de moments à perdre pour réunir votre armée à Ivrée et pour avoir le fort Bard. Vous savez que sans artillerie on ne peut faire grand’chose. J’attends des cartouches, de la cavalerie.", "translationEnglish": "There is therefore no time to lose in gathering your army at Ivrea and securing Fort Bard. You know that without artillery little can be done. I am waiting for cartridges and cavalry.", "sourceId": "cugnac1900-reserve-v1-transcription", "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20191215085547/http://www.simmonsgames.com/research/authors/Cugnac/ArmeeReserve/V1C10French.html#451", "letterSourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20191215085547/http://www.simmonsgames.com/research/authors/Cugnac/ArmeeReserve/V1C10French.html#451", "page": "Letter and passage p. 451", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Full reproduced letter, recipient heading, Republican/Gregorian dateline and selected French passage inspected in the preserved Simmons Games transcription of Cugnac. The printed page images and autograph manuscript were not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Transcribed heading: Le général de division Lannes, commandant l’avant-garde, au Général en chef. Berthier is the named commander-in-chief in this documentary sequence. Dateline: Saint-Martin, le 1er prairial an 8 (21 mai 1800). Gregorian date supplied in the transcription.", "Saint-Martin is identified as Pont-Saint-Martin from the Bard–Carema valley context, checked against the GeoNames Aosta Valley settlement. This is an editorial geographical identification; the source spelling remains Saint-Martin.", "The prisoner statements and inferred intentions of Mélas remain attributed, uncertain intelligence. They are not used to date a separate surrender or enemy movement.", "A separate letter to the same recipient is dated Setto-Vitone on the same day. Neither letter gives a writing time. Cugnac’s p. 457 footnote proposes morning for Saint-Martin and evening for Setto-Vitone; that editorial reconstruction is not converted into an exact hour.", "A writing-place dateline locates the sender at an approximate settlement only. It does not locate the recipient or every unit mentioned, and it does not establish a travelled route." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "lannes-1800-05-21-berthier-setto-vitone", "date": "1800-05-21", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "settimo-vittone", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "An advance held up for cartridges and cavalry", "summary": "From Setto-Vitone, Lannes reports an encounter on the way from Carema and proposes moving to Ivrea the following day once his cavalry arrives. He is impatient for cartridges and again emphasises Bard as the obstacle to bringing through the artillery. This is an intention, conditional on support arriving.", "excerptFrench": "La cavalerie n’est pas encore arrivée. J’attends des cartouches avec impatience. Si vous voulez, je me rendrai demain, aussitôt que la cavalerie sera arrivée, à Ivrée.", "translationEnglish": "The cavalry has not yet arrived. I am impatiently awaiting cartridges. If you wish, I shall go to Ivrea tomorrow, as soon as the cavalry has arrived.", "sourceId": "cugnac1900-reserve-v1-transcription", "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20191215085547/http://www.simmonsgames.com/research/authors/Cugnac/ArmeeReserve/V1C10French.html#458", "letterSourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20191215085547/http://www.simmonsgames.com/research/authors/Cugnac/ArmeeReserve/V1C10French.html#457", "page": "Letter pp. 457–458; passage p. 458", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Full reproduced letter, recipient heading, Republican/Gregorian dateline and selected French passage inspected in the preserved Simmons Games transcription of Cugnac. The printed page images and autograph manuscript were not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Transcribed heading: Le général Lannes, au Général en chef. Berthier is the named commander-in-chief in this documentary sequence. Dateline: Setto-Vitone, le 1er prairial an 8 (21 mai 1800). Gregorian date supplied in the transcription.", "The printed Setto-Vitone is identified as modern Settimo Vittone from the letter’s statement that it is one league from Carema and the surrounding Montestrutto/Borgo-Franco context, checked against the GeoNames settlement.", "Enemy strengths, losses and local reports remain Lannes’s claims. The proposed next-day movement to Ivrea is not treated as a confirmed arrival or plotted route.", "This is a distinct letter from the Saint-Martin dispatch of the same date. Neither gives an exact writing hour. Cugnac’s p. 457 footnote proposes Saint-Martin in the morning and Setto-Vitone in the evening; this remains an editorial reconstruction, not a supplied dateline time.", "A writing-place dateline locates the sender at an approximate settlement only. It does not locate the recipient or every unit mentioned, and it does not establish a travelled route." ], "themeId": "movement" }, { "id": "lannes-1800-05-27-napoleon", "date": "1800-05-27", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "romano-canavese", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "A move towards Chivasso, with ammunition requested", "summary": "Writing from San-Romano to the First Consul, Lannes relays Mainoni’s reconnaissance reports and says he plans to leave before dawn for Chivasso. He asks for detached troops at Biella to rejoin and for cartridges and ammunition for his four-pounder guns to follow. His expectation that the enemy will have left is an inference.", "excerptFrench": "Je désirerais beaucoup que vous fissiez suivre après nous quelques cartouches avec un peu de munitions pour les pièces de 4.", "translationEnglish": "I would very much like you to have some cartridges follow us, together with a little ammunition for the four-pounder guns.", "sourceId": "cugnac1901-reserve-v2-transcription", "sourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20191215085558/http://www.simmonsgames.com/research/authors/Cugnac/ArmeeReserve/V2C1French.html#22", "letterSourceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20191215085558/http://www.simmonsgames.com/research/authors/Cugnac/ArmeeReserve/V2C1French.html#21", "page": "Letter pp. 21–22; passage p. 22", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Full reproduced letter, recipient heading, Republican/Gregorian dateline and selected French passage inspected in the preserved Simmons Games transcription of Cugnac. The printed page images and autograph manuscript were not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Transcribed heading: Lannes, général de division commandant l’avant-garde, au Premier Consul de la République française. Dateline: San-Romano, le 7 prairial an 8 (27 mai 1800). Gregorian date supplied in the transcription.", "The same documentary section locates the division at Romano near the Chiusella. San-Romano is identified editorially as Romano Canavese in the Ivrea–Chiusella setting, checked against the GeoNames settlement and its alternative name Romano; not a different San Romano elsewhere in Italy.", "Before dawn describes the proposed departure on the following day, not the writing time. time remains null.", "The reconnaissance reports, enemy destination and postscript about the identity of a killed Austrian general are not independently verified. No recipient presence at San-Romano is inferred.", "A writing-place dateline locates the sender at an approximate settlement only. It does not locate the recipient or every unit mentioned, and it does not establish a travelled route." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "incoming-1800-06-01-napoleon-lannes", "date": "1800-06-01", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "novara", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Advance to Mortara and report your arrival", "summary": "First Consul Bonaparte asks Lannes to escort an important courier and reports a crossing of the Ticino and fighting at Turbigo. He then directs Lannes to Mortara, with outposts towards Pavia, and asks for the time at which he expects to arrive at Mortara.", "excerptFrench": "Rendez-vous le plus tôt possible à Mortara, et poussez vos avant-postes sur Pavie, où vous recevrez probablement ordre de vous rendre.", "translationEnglish": "Go to Mortara as soon as possible, and push your outposts towards Pavia, where you will probably be ordered to go.", "sourceId": "napoleon1861-v6", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondancede06napouoft/page/n336/mode/1up", "page": "326", "letterNumber": "4861", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Heading, dateline, complete letter, selected French passage and printed signature visually checked against the 1861 printed scan. The signature reads BONAPARTE. No autograph manuscript examined. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed heading: AU GÉNÉRAL LANNES. Dateline: Novare, 12 prairial an VIII (1800-06-01). The Gregorian date follows the conversion printed beside the Republican date in this edition; it was not independently recalculated.", "Novare is the printed French dateline for Novara. Mortara and Pavia are intended destinations or forward positions, not demonstrated arrivals.", "The letter’s account of the crossing, fighting and prisoners is Bonaparte’s report; it has not been independently checked against other battlefield evidence.", "The request for an arrival hour does not supply a writing time. No time is assigned to the record.", "The edition attributes its underlying source to Archives de l’Empire. No underlying manuscript was checked.", "The place marker is the sender’s printed dateline only. The addressee, reported positions and intended movements do not establish the recipient’s presence or delivery of this letter." ], "themeId": "movement" }, { "id": "incoming-1800-06-04-napoleon-lannes", "date": "1800-06-04", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "milan", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Two crossings to prepare", "summary": "First Consul Bonaparte acknowledges Lannes’s letter of 13 prairial and expects Marmont to have reached Pavia with the bridge builders. He orders a bridge between the Ticino and Castel San Giovanni, while another division is to cross at Piacenza, where a second bridge is to be built.", "excerptFrench": "Jetez un pont entre le Tessin et Castel-San-Giovanni. Une autre division passera à Plaisance, où on jettera également un pont.", "translationEnglish": "Build a bridge between the Ticino and Castel San Giovanni. Another division will cross at Piacenza, where a bridge will also be built.", "sourceId": "napoleon1861-v6", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondancede06napouoft/page/n346/mode/1up", "page": "336", "letterNumber": "4880", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Heading, dateline, complete letter, selected French passage and printed signature visually checked against the 1861 printed scan. The signature reads BONAPARTE. No autograph manuscript examined. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed heading: AU GÉNÉRAL LANNES. Dateline: Milan, 15 prairial an VIII (1800-06-04). The Gregorian date follows the conversion printed beside the Republican date in this edition; it was not independently recalculated.", "The geographic wording is retained from the letter. It does not identify an exact crossing site, and no bridge location is plotted. In particular, between the Ticino and Castel San Giovanni is not silently changed to across the Ticino.", "The acknowledged letter of 13 prairial has not been paired to a document in this selection. No reply link or receipt chronology is inferred.", "The edition’s source acknowledgement reads Comm. par M. le duc de Montebello. This is an editorial acknowledgement of the supplied source, not the sender’s identity or a title attributed to Lannes in 1800.", "The place marker is the sender’s printed dateline only. The addressee, reported positions and intended movements do not establish the recipient’s presence or delivery of this letter." ], "themeId": "bridge" }, { "id": "lannes-1800-06-15-berthier", "date": "1800-06-15", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "spinetta", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "After Marengo: an account of retreat and recovery", "summary": "In his report to Berthier the day after Marengo, Lannes describes ordering a retreat when his position was threatened, then attacking again. He insists his withdrawal remained orderly despite intense artillery and cavalry pressure. This is a commander’s account of his own troops, not an independent reconstruction of the whole battle.", "excerptFrench": "Vous avez été témoin, citoyen général, de la manière avec laquelle elle s’est opérée, il n’y a pas eu un seul moment de désordre : je me suis retiré par échelons sous un feu d’artillerie des plus vifs, et chargé par une cavalerie formidable à plusieurs reprises : je n’avais pas un seul canon, ni un homme à cheval pour soutenir ma retraite, et malgré cela, elle s’est terminée avec le plus grand ordre.", "translationEnglish": "You witnessed, Citizen General, how it was carried out: there was not a single moment of disorder. I withdrew by echelons under extremely heavy artillery fire and repeated charges by formidable cavalry. I had neither a single cannon nor a mounted man to support my retreat, yet it ended in the greatest order.", "sourceId": "valmy1854-campagne1800", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/histoiredelacam00unkngoog/page/n278/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/histoiredelacam00unkngoog/page/n277/mode/1up", "page": "Document no. 8, pp. 264–266; passage p. 265", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, Republican dateline and selected French passage visually checked in the 1854 printed edition, pp. 264–266. Autograph manuscript not examined. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed heading: Le lieutenant général Lannes, commandant l’avant-garde; au général en chef Alexandre Berthier. Dateline: Au quartier général de Spinetto, le 26 prairial an VIII. Gregorian date 15 June 1800 is the corresponding conversion, also given with this report in Cugnac’s transcribed edition (vol. II, pp. 389–391).", "Spinetto is the printed spelling here; other reproductions give Spinetta. The proposed modern reference is Spinetta Marengo near Alessandria, not a generic marker for the entire battlefield.", "The opening account says the enemy attacked yesterday morning. The eight o’clock in that sentence belongs to the battle, not to the writing of this report; time remains null.", "Lannes’s assertion of perfect order, his casualty totals and his recommendations for promotion are self-reported. The later historian’s surrounding battle narrative is not part of the report.", "No. 8 is the document number within the edition’s pièces justificatives, not an archival letter number.", "A writing-place dateline locates the sender at an approximate settlement only. It does not locate the recipient or every unit mentioned, and it does not establish a travelled route.", "Cugnac’s later edition explicitly questions the assertion that Lannes had no cannon because Watrin’s division had several pieces; it raises possible loss during the retreat rather than resolving the discrepancy (vol. II, p. 390, note). The quotation here follows Valmy’s printed wording, not a silently harmonised version." ], "themeId": "battle" }, { "id": "davout-1800-08-04-vaularee", "date": "1800-08-04", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "vaularee", "placeId": "lodi", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Trying to advance a petition from far away", "summary": "At Lodi, Davout answers Vaularée about a family petition being pursued in Paris. He sends back papers and suggests that the petitioner seek Fleurieu’s support before presenting the matter again. He regrets having left Paris before he could finish helping: a letter from so far away will carry less weight.", "excerptFrench": "Une lettre de moi, de si loin, ne ferait pas autant d’effet. J’aurais désiré rester plus de temps à Paris pour suivre cette affaire et la terminer suivant vos désirs.", "translationEnglish": "A letter from me, from so far away, would not have as much effect. I should have liked to stay longer in Paris to pursue this matter and bring it to the conclusion you wished.", "sourceId": "blocqueville1879-v2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/blocqueville-le-marechal-davout-prince-d-eckmuhl-v-2/page/n19/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/blocqueville-le-marechal-davout-prince-d-eckmuhl-v-2/page/n18/mode/1up", "page": "pp. 3–4; passage p. 4", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading or explicit editorial identification, printed dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the nineteenth-century printed scan. Manuscript not examined. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed dateline: Au quartier général de Lodi, le 16 thermidor an VIII de la République française.", "Calendar normalization: 15 thermidor VIII = 3 August 1800; adding 1 day gives 4 August 1800. Source: https://archives.chalon.fr/r/43/calendrier-republicain/", "The letter’s heading identifies Davout as général de division commanding the cavalry, and the recipient as citoyen Vaularée.", "The petition’s precise subject and outcome are not established by this selected text. Editorial commentary following the signature is excluded.", "Lodi is the writing town. Paris is a place discussed in the letter, not Davout’s location on this date." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "davout-1800-08-07-war-minister", "date": "1800-08-07", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "war-minister", "placeId": "milan", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "A cavalry command granted only in part", "summary": "Davout reports from Milan that the decree placing him in command of the cavalry has only partly been implemented. Laboissière invoked seniority, and Masséna retained a separate heavy-cavalry reserve under him. Davout describes accepting an arrangement in which his authority depends on how the cavalry is deployed, while defending the government’s appointment.", "excerptFrench": "J’ai l’honneur de vous rendre compte que je suis arrivé depuis le commencement de ce mois à cette armée et que l’arrêté qui me donne le commandement de la cavalerie n’a eu son exécution qu’en partie.", "translationEnglish": "I have the honour to report that I have been with this army since the beginning of this month, and that the decree giving me command of the cavalry has been carried out only in part.", "sourceId": "blocqueville1879-v2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/blocqueville-le-marechal-davout-prince-d-eckmuhl-v-2/page/n20/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/blocqueville-le-marechal-davout-prince-d-eckmuhl-v-2/page/n20/mode/1up", "page": "pp. 5–6; passage p. 5", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading or explicit editorial identification, printed dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the nineteenth-century printed scan. Manuscript not examined. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed dateline: Au quartier général de Milan, le 19 thermidor an VIII de la République française.", "Calendar normalization: 15 thermidor VIII = 3 August 1800; adding 4 days gives 7 August 1800. Source: https://archives.chalon.fr/r/43/calendrier-republicain/", "The heading addresses the Minister of War by office, without naming the office-holder.", "The “beginning of this month” in the quoted text refers to the Republican month, not necessarily 1 August.", "Endorsements printed after Davout’s signature are separately attributed material; they are not incorporated into his words or counted as another direct letter.", "Milan is a writing-town dateline, not a precise headquarters address." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "davout-1800-11-23-martigue", "date": "1800-11-23", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "martigue", "placeId": "brescia", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Keeping an officer when the right vacancy does not exist", "summary": "From Brescia, Davout explains why he assigned Martigue to heavy cavalry: he wanted to keep a good, brave officer in the army, but there was no vacant squadron command in the light cavalry. He promises to submit Martigue’s request to the commander-in-chief and report the decision; the result is not supplied.", "excerptFrench": "Si je vous ai placé dans un régiment de grosse cavalerie, c’est que je tenais beaucoup à conserver à l’armée un bon et brave officier. Il n’y avait que ce seul moyen, n’y ayant point de place de chef d’escadron vacante dans les troupes légères.", "translationEnglish": "If I placed you in a heavy-cavalry regiment, it was because I was very keen to retain a good and brave officer in the army. This was the only way, as there was no vacant squadron command in the light troops.", "sourceId": "blocqueville1887", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchaldavoutp01bloc/page/n61/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchaldavoutp01bloc/page/n61/mode/1up", "page": "p. 47", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading or explicit editorial identification, printed dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the nineteenth-century printed scan. Manuscript not examined. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed dateline: Quartier général de Brescia, le 2 Frimaire, an IX de la République française.", "Calendar normalization: 1 frimaire IX = 22 November 1800; adding 1 day gives 23 November 1800. Source: https://archives.chalon.fr/r/43/calendrier-republicain/", "The heading calls Davout général de division commanding the cavalry and identifies Martigue as chef d’escadron attached to the 4th Chasseurs.", "A proposed personnel decision and promised reply are not evidence of a completed transfer or of the recipient’s location.", "Brescia is the writing town, not a precise headquarters address." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "davout-1801-04-24-baron", "date": "1801-04-24", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "baron-6-dragoons", "placeId": "milan", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Remembering the 6th Dragoons", "summary": "Davout replies to Baron, commander of the 6th Dragoons, sharing his regret at their separation and praising the regiment and its commander. He recalls the men’s conduct at the Mincio and offers his lasting esteem. This is a later letter of appreciation, not a dispatch written on the day of that action.", "excerptFrench": "J’ai reçu, citoyen commandant, votre lettre et les regrets qu’elle contient sur notre séparation; croyez que je les partage, jamais je n’oublierai le brave 6e et son estimable chef.", "translationEnglish": "I have received, citizen commander, your letter and the regrets it expresses at our separation; believe that I share them. I shall never forget the brave 6th and its worthy commander.", "sourceId": "blocqueville1879-v2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/blocqueville-le-marechal-davout-prince-d-eckmuhl-v-2/page/n22/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/blocqueville-le-marechal-davout-prince-d-eckmuhl-v-2/page/n22/mode/1up", "page": "p. 7", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading or explicit editorial identification, printed dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the nineteenth-century printed scan. Manuscript not examined. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed dateline: Au quartier général de Milan, le 4 floréal an IX de la République française.", "Calendar normalization: 1 floréal IX = 21 April 1801; adding 3 days gives 24 April 1801. Source: https://archives.chalon.fr/r/43/calendrier-republicain/", "Baron is the surname printed in the recipient heading; it is not expanded into an unverified personal name or treated as a noble title.", "The earlier Mincio action is remembered in the letter; it does not move the sender’s documented position away from Milan on 24 April.", "The printed ordinal has been rendered as 6e in plain text." ], "themeId": "morale" }, { "id": "davout-1802-04-27-aimee", "date": "1802-04-27", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "aimee-davout", "placeId": null, "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "A letter to Aimée, with no writing town", "summary": "Davout tells Aimée that he is relieved she is not physically ill, although they both suffer from their separation. He hopes they will be reunited soon and sends affection to her mother. The letter closes with Italian endearments. Its date is printed, but no writing town is given.", "excerptFrench": "Assure ta mère de ma tendresse, et toi, ma bonne Aimée, crois que mon attachement et mon amitié ne finiront qu’avec moi.", "translationEnglish": "Assure your mother of my affection; and you, my dear Aimée, believe that my attachment and friendship will end only with my life.", "sourceId": "blocqueville1879-v2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/blocqueville-le-marechal-davout-prince-d-eckmuhl-v-2/page/n45/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/blocqueville-le-marechal-davout-prince-d-eckmuhl-v-2/page/n45/mode/1up", "page": "pp. 30–31; passage p. 30", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading or explicit editorial identification, printed dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the nineteenth-century printed scan. Manuscript not examined. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed dateline: An X de la République française, le 7 floréal. No writing town is printed.", "Calendar normalization: 1 floréal X = 21 April 1802; adding 6 days gives 27 April 1802. Source: https://archives.chalon.fr/r/43/calendrier-republicain/", "The editor identifies the recipient as Davout’s wife, and the letter addresses her as Aimée. The heading describes Davout as a général de division commanding the infantry of the Consular Guard.", "The editorial introduction places Aimée with her mother at Pontoise. That describes the recipient’s situation, not Davout’s writing location; placeId remains null.", "The stated hope for reunion does not establish a completed journey. Morale & honour is the nearest existing theme for this expression of personal affection." ], "themeId": "morale" }, { "id": "incoming-1803-08-29-berthier-davout", "date": "1803-08-29", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "berthier", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "paris", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Appointed to command three divisions at Bruges", "summary": "Berthier informs General Davout that the First Consul has appointed him to command the camp of Bruges, with direct access to Bonaparte. The order lays out three divisions and their supporting staff, artillery, engineers, cavalry and administration. Davout is to establish headquarters at Bruges and hasten construction of camps near Ostend and Dunkirk for the intended expedition against England.", "excerptFrench": "Je vous préviens, Citoyen Général, que le Premier Consul, dans son travail du 10 de ce mois, vous a nommé général commandant en chef le camp de Bruges : vous pouvez correspondre immédiatement avec le Premier Consul.", "translationEnglish": "I inform you, Citizen General, that in his business of the 10th of this month the First Consul appointed you general commanding-in-chief of the camp of Bruges: you may correspond directly with the First Consul.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n69/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n69/mode/1up", "page": "pp. 3–6; passage p. 3", "letterNumber": "1", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Heading, dateline, selected passage, command structure and Berthier’s signature visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not examined. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Printed dateline: Paris, 11 fructidor an XI (29 August 1803). The appointment is stated to have been made in the First Consul’s work of the 10th: 28 August. Decision and notification are separate dates.", "Paris is the sender’s dateline. The instruction to establish headquarters at Bruges, and the ordered departure between 15 and 20 fructidor, do not establish Davout’s whereabouts or a completed journey.", "The printed signature is A. Berthier. This is a direct Berthier–Davout letter, not a Napoleon–Davout letter merely because it conveys the First Consul’s decision.", "The body refers to the corps d’armée and provides three division commanders. It does not describe Davout as a marshal in 1803.", "The long footnote on pp. 2–3 is a different Davout letter of 1800; it is excluded from this record." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "incoming-1803-09-05-berthier-davout", "date": "1803-09-05", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "berthier", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "paris", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Work with the navy—and teach soldiers to row", "summary": "Berthier gives Davout practical instructions for the Bruges command: accelerate boats and batteries, cooperate with the admirals, protect flotilla movements from the shore and train the conscripts. Soldiers must learn to row because there will not be enough sailors. Camps should allow rapid embarkation and shelter men through the winter; these are preparations for an intended invasion, not evidence that it occurred.", "excerptFrench": "Il est extrêmement nécessaire que ces soldats s’accoutument à manier les avirons, car nous n’aurons jamais assez de matelots si les soldats ne s’exercent pas à ramer.", "translationEnglish": "It is extremely necessary for these soldiers to become accustomed to handling the oars, for we shall never have enough sailors unless the soldiers practise rowing.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n73/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n72/mode/1up", "page": "pp. 6–8; passage p. 7", "letterNumber": "2", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Heading, dateline, selected passage and Berthier’s signature visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not examined. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Printed dateline: Paris, 18 fructidor an XI (5 September 1803); both dates appear in the edition.", "Paris is Berthier’s writing place. Ostend, Dunkirk and Cadzand are places discussed in the instructions, not documented positions of Davout on this date.", "Signed A. Berthier; this does not enter the Napoleon lane as a direct Napoleon letter.", "Training, embarkation speed and coastal dispositions are instructions or intentions, not verified outcomes." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "davout-5", "date": "1803-09-24", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": null, "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Gun carriages without tools, timber or money", "summary": "General Davout reports to the First Consul on preparations along the coast: hut plans, delayed blankets and drinking water for the camps. Many guns have arrived without carriages. An order to build them at Bruges cannot be carried out, he says, because the workers, materials, facilities and money are missing.", "excerptFrench": "La plupart de ces pièces manquent d’affûts; le ministre a ordonné au directeur de Bruges d’en construire; cet ordre est inexécutable : chefs ouvriers, ouvriers, outils, bois, fer, arsenal, dessins, argent, rien de tout cela n’existe.", "translationEnglish": "Most of these guns lack carriages; the minister has ordered the director at Bruges to build them. That order cannot be carried out: master craftsmen, workers, tools, timber, iron, an arsenal, drawings, money—none of these exists.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n79/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n78/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 12–16; passage p. 13", "letterNumber": "5", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The printed dateline gives a date but no writing town. Bruges and the other places mentioned in the report are not substituted for a missing writing location.", "Davout was a general at this date; the recipient is addressed as First Consul. The later titles in the edition’s book title are not contemporary ranks.", "The account of the courier and the enclosed reports does not establish when Napoleon received this letter. Editorial footnotes and a separately quoted artillery officer’s report are distinguished from Davout’s own words.", "Printed dateline: 1er vendémiaire an XII (24 septembre 1803)." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "incoming-1803-09-28-napoleon-davout", "date": "1803-09-28", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "paris", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "An army can melt away through disease", "summary": "First Consul Bonaparte tells General Davout to withdraw a demi-brigade from Cadzand if reports of its posting there are correct. He puts the troops’ health above other military considerations, warning that unhealthy stations could destroy the army, and questions his own decision to place so many troops on Walcheren.", "excerptFrench": "Je vous recommande par-dessus tout la santé des troupes. Si on les place dans des lieux malsains, l’armée se fondra et se réduira à rien.", "translationEnglish": "Above all, I commend the troops’ health to your care. If they are stationed in unhealthy places, the army will melt away and dwindle to nothing.", "sourceId": "napoleon-sep1803", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-septembre-1803/4/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Paris, 28 septembre 1803 — Au général Davout, commandant le camp de Bruges.", "This predates the Empire and Davout’s marshal appointment: the letter addresses him as general, and the sender is the First Consul.", "The Cadzand posting is introduced as a report and the withdrawal instruction is conditional. The description of sickness on Walcheren is Bonaparte’s assessment, not an independently measured casualty count.", "Bruges identifies Davout’s command in the heading; it is not used here as a dated location for him.", "The place marker is the sender’s published dateline only. The addressee, reported positions and intended movements do not establish the recipient’s presence or delivery of this letter." ], "themeId": "quarters" }, { "id": "davout-10", "date": "1803-10-09", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "bruges", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "A flotilla promise he cannot honestly make", "summary": "From Bruges, General Davout tells the First Consul that he cannot promise fishing corvettes will soon be ready in the roadstead. He forwards Rear-Admiral Emeriau’s account, reports on coastal protection and quarters, and describes provision for soldiers’ footwear while shoes and blankets are still awaited.", "excerptFrench": "Je désirerais vous apprendre bientôt comme vous le désirez la mise en rade d’une ou deux divisions de corvettes de pêche, mais je vous tromperais si je vous donnais cette espérance : la lettre ci-jointe que m’a remise hier le contre-amiral Emeriau, vous mettra au fait de ce qui en est.", "translationEnglish": "I should like to tell you soon, as you wish, that one or two divisions of fishing corvettes are out in the roadstead, but I would mislead you if I offered that hope: the enclosed letter that Rear-Admiral Emeriau gave me yesterday will show you how matters stand.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n86/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n85/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 19–21; passage p. 20", "letterNumber": "10", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Davout was a general at this date; Napoleon is addressed as First Consul.", "The proposed stay at Ostend is an intention within the letter. It is not mapped as a second documented writing place or as a confirmed arrival.", "The heading and dateline begin at the bottom of p. 19; the selected passage is on p. 20.", "Printed dateline: Bruges, le 16 vendémiaire an XII (9 oct. 1803).", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise building. It does not establish the location of the recipient or the whole corps." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "lannes-1803-11-10-gueheneuc", "date": "1803-11-10", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "gueheneuc", "placeId": null, "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Diplomatic frustration: a threat to resign", "summary": "General Lannes complains to his father-in-law Guéhéneuc about his struggle with Talleyrand during the Portuguese mission. He says that, without a satisfactory answer from the First Consul, he will resign even his military commission. The extract gives no writing place.", "excerptFrench": "Vous ne serez pas étonné, mon ami, si j’ai autant à lutter avec le ministre; j’attends avec impatience la réponse à mon dernier courrier; si elle n’était pas comme je la demande, j’envoie ma démission, même celle de militaire.", "translationEnglish": "You will not be surprised, my friend, that I have so much to contend with against the minister. I impatiently await the reply to my last dispatch; if it is not what I ask for, I shall send in my resignation, even from military service.", "sourceId": "thoumas1891-lannes", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n118/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n117/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 95–96; selected passage p. 96", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "The editor’s date/recipient introduction and selected quoted French passage were visually checked against the 1891 printed scan. This is a letter extract reproduced in a biography; the full original letter and autograph manuscript were not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Thoumas introduces the quotation as a letter to M. Guéhéneuc dated 10 November. The year 1803 is supplied from the surrounding narrative, which explicitly begins with July 1803; it is not repeated in a reproduced dateline.", "Lannes is a general and envoy here, before his appointment as marshal in May 1804; Bonaparte is First Consul. His accusations against Talleyrand and threatened resignation are his stated position, not independently verified events.", "The quoted recipient is identified elsewhere in this passage as Lannes’s father-in-law. The printed source gives M. Guéhéneuc rather than a full personal name.", "The reproduced extract has no writing-place dateline. The place is left unknown; contextual references do not locate Lannes on that date." ], "themeId": "politics" }, { "id": "lannes-1803-12-05-napoleon", "date": "1803-12-05", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": null, "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "A Portuguese mission viewed through British influence", "summary": "In an extract from a report to First Consul Bonaparte, General Lannes describes the British military and commercial influence he says he found on arriving in Lisbon. He frames his diplomatic struggle as one with London as much as Lisbon; the extract does not identify where he wrote it.", "excerptFrench": "En arrivant à Lisbonne j’y ai trouvé une armée anglaise, un ministère choisi et appelé par l’Angleterre, des généraux anglais commandant les troupes portugaises, la factorerie française dépossédée, dispersée et désorganisée, la factorerie anglaise en possession de tous les ateliers, magasins, fabriques. J’ai senti que c’était moins avec le cabinet de Lisbonne qu’avec celui de Londres que j’avais à combattre.", "translationEnglish": "On arriving in Lisbon I found an English army, a ministry chosen and brought in by England, English generals commanding the Portuguese troops, the French trading community dispossessed, dispersed and disorganised, and the English trading community in possession of all the workshops, warehouses and factories. I felt that I was contending less with the government in Lisbon than with the one in London.", "sourceId": "thoumas1891-lannes", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n118/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n118/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 96–97; selected passage p. 96", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "The editor’s date/recipient introduction and selected quoted French passage were visually checked against the 1891 printed scan. This is a letter extract reproduced in a biography; the full original letter and autograph manuscript were not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The editor explicitly introduces a long report to the First Consul dated 5 December and states that he is extracting passages. The year 1803 comes from the surrounding chronological narrative, not a reproduced full dateline.", "Lannes is a general and envoy here, before becoming a marshal in May 1804. The recipient is Bonaparte as First Consul, not yet emperor.", "This is Lannes’s partisan description of his mission and British influence. The mention of his arrival in Lisbon is not treated as a dated writing-place statement.", "The French factorerie is translated here as trading community, not as a modern factory. The ellipsis printed before En arrivant indicates that the biography has already abridged the report.", "The reproduced extract has no writing-place dateline. The place is left unknown; contextual references do not locate Lannes on that date." ], "themeId": "politics" }, { "id": "incoming-1804-03-09-napoleon-davout", "date": "1804-03-09", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "paris", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Protect the flotilla from the shore", "summary": "First Consul Bonaparte directs General Davout to protect coastal shipping with mobile cavalry, light artillery and vessels ready in the roadstead. He asks for a plan showing the flotilla’s mooring line and the batteries’ distances from the low-water mark, linking naval preparation to detailed knowledge of the shore.", "excerptFrench": "Faites lever un plan de la rade, et faites-y tracer la ligne d’embossage que doit prendre la flottille toutes les fois qu’elle sortira pour exercer ou pour protéger l’arrivée de bâtiments.", "translationEnglish": "Have a plan of the roadstead surveyed, and mark on it the mooring line the flotilla is to take whenever it goes out to practise or to protect arriving vessels.", "sourceId": "napoleon-mar1804", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-mars-1804/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Paris, 9 mars 1804 — Au général Davout, commandant le camp de Bruges.", "The recipient is still General Davout and the sender the First Consul; later imperial titles must not be read back into this date.", "The letter acknowledges Davout’s letter of 16 ventôse, but no exact reply pairing has been established with an outgoing record in this selection.", "Ostend, Flushing, Dunkirk and the roadstead are operational references or instructions; none becomes a confirmed personal location for Davout.", "The place marker is the sender’s published dateline only. The addressee, reported positions and intended movements do not establish the recipient’s presence or delivery of this letter." ], "themeId": "maps" }, { "id": "incoming-1804-04-16-napoleon-lannes", "date": "1804-04-16", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "saint-cloud", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "A general learns diplomatic coordination", "summary": "First Consul Bonaparte approves General Lannes’s Portuguese treaty while balancing lost subsidies against commercial gains. He tells the minister in Lisbon to keep within his instructions because action in one part of Europe affects the rest. Lannes is to remain at his diplomatic post for a while longer.", "excerptFrench": "L’Europe forme un système, et tout ce qu’on fait dans un point rejaillit sur les autres; il faut donc du concert.", "translationEnglish": "Europe forms a system, and everything done at one point affects the others; concerted action is therefore essential.", "sourceId": "napoleon-apr1804", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-avril-1804/2/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Saint-Cloud, 16 avril 1804 — Au général Lannes.", "The opening calls Lannes “Ministre Plénipotentiaire de la République à Lisbonne”. This predates his marshal appointment and the Empire.", "The instruction to remain in Lisbon and his diplomatic title provide recipient context, not independent proof of his physical location or receipt on 16 April.", "This is the earliest incoming Lannes letter included here, not a claim that his correspondence began in 1804.", "The place marker is the sender’s published dateline only. The addressee, reported positions and intended movements do not establish the recipient’s presence or delivery of this letter." ], "themeId": "politics" }, { "id": "davout-52", "date": "1804-05-13", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "oudinot", "placeId": "paris", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Paris waits for a hereditary settlement", "summary": "Writing to General Oudinot from Paris, Davout praises the army’s discipline and reports a favourable conversation with the First Consul. He expects the proposed hereditary settlement to be announced very soon and claims that Parisian opinion is unanimous in its support. This is his political assessment, not a measure of public opinion.", "excerptFrench": "L’opinion des Parisiens pour la première fois depuis 89 est unanime, et ils attendent ces changements avec autant de plaisir que d’impatience.", "translationEnglish": "For the first time since 1789, Parisian opinion is unanimous, and people await these changes with as much pleasure as impatience.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n148/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n147/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 81–82; passage p. 82", "letterNumber": "52", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The letter precedes the establishment of the Empire and Davout’s appointment as marshal later in May 1804. Its sender and recipient are described here as generals.", "Davout’s expectation of an imminent decree is preserved as an expectation, not treated as the actual date of enactment.", "The editorial footnote about the Empire and appointments is separate from the letter.", "Printed dateline: Paris, 23 floréal an XII (13 mai 1804).", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise building. It does not establish the location of the recipient or the whole corps." ], "themeId": "politics" }, { "id": "davout-64", "date": "1804-10-03", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": null, "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Rest quarters for convalescent soldiers", "summary": "Davout reports that convalescent soldiers are relapsing after returning to the camps. He has arranged rest quarters in which half of each regiment can be lodged in turn, having waited until fever had subsided in the villages. The same letter reports the death of Colonel Virideau.", "excerptFrench": "En conséquence j’ai fait reconnaître et marquer pour chaque régiment des deux 1res divisions un quartier de rafraîchissement, qui sera occupé alternativement par la moitié du corps.", "translationEnglish": "I have therefore had rest quarters surveyed and marked out for each regiment of the first two divisions, to be occupied in turn by half the unit.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n161/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n161/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 95–96; passage p. 95", "letterNumber": "64", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The printed dateline contains no writing town. No location is inferred from the camps or villages discussed in the body.", "This is a report about illness and recovery, not evidence that these soldiers were wounded in battle.", "Superscript typography in “1res” is flattened in the transcription.", "Printed dateline: 11 vendémiaire an XIII (3 oct. 1804)." ], "themeId": "quarters" }, { "id": "incoming-1805-04-03-napoleon-davout", "date": "1805-04-03", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "troyes", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Recruits, uniforms and an embarkation port", "summary": "Napoleon says Davout’s camp will receive favourable treatment in a new conscript allocation because of its sickness. He wants clothing ready, asks Davout to inspect the engineers’ proposal for restoring Ambleteuse harbour, and presses for transport suitable for headquarters horses and equipment to be prepared at Dunkirk.", "excerptFrench": "Il est nécessaire, sans écrire officiellement, d’avertir les colonels, pour qu’ils aient de quoi habiller promptement ces hommes, au moins en vestes et culottes.", "translationEnglish": "The colonels must be warned, without writing officially, so that they have the means to clothe these men promptly, at least in jackets and breeches.", "sourceId": "napoleon-apr1805", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-avril-1805/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Troyes, 3 avril 1805 — Au maréchal Davout, commandant le camp de Bruges.", "The 40,000-franc harbour estimate is reported by Napoleon as the engineers’ advice, which he asks Davout to check; it is not an audited cost or a completed project.", "The promised troop strengths and embarkation arrangements are plans. The instruction to visit Ambleteuse does not establish a visit.", "The web transcription has an apparent typo “fan XII” in its first paragraph; the selected French excerpt does not alter or reproduce that passage.", "The place marker is the sender’s published dateline only. The addressee, reported positions and intended movements do not establish the recipient’s presence or delivery of this letter." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "davout-75", "date": "1805-04-17", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "bruges", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Gold arrives to clear the pay arrears", "summary": "From Bruges, Davout confirms that the 400,000 francs in gold announced by the minister have arrived and have been distributed immediately to bring soldiers’ pay up to date. He also explains how forthcoming payments are to be covered.", "excerptFrench": "Sire, j’ai l’honneur, conformément aux ordres de Votre Majesté, de lui faire connaître que les 400,000 francs en or dont le ministre vous a annoncé l’envoi sont effectivement arrivés le 16 germinal, et ont été distribués sur-le-champ pour mettre la solde au courant.", "translationEnglish": "Sire, in accordance with Your Majesty’s orders, I have the honour to report that the 400,000 francs in gold whose dispatch the minister announced to you actually arrived on 16 Germinal, and were immediately distributed to bring the pay up to date.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n179/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n179/mode/1up", "page": "Letter p. 113; passage p. 113", "letterNumber": "75", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The arrival on 16 Germinal concerns the money, not this letter. The writing date is 27 Germinal, given in the edition as 17 April 1805.", "Printed dateline: Bruges, le 27 germinal an XIII (17 avril 1805).", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise building. It does not establish the location of the recipient or the whole corps." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "davout-83", "date": "1805-08-07", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "ambleteuse", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "No more room at Marquise", "summary": "Writing from Ambleteuse, Davout asks the war minister to change quartering arrangements urgently. The 10th Hussars are expected shortly at Marquise, where hospitals, administration, stores and cavalry are already packed together. He argues that the available establishments cannot take any more troops.", "excerptFrench": "Votre Excellence trouvera juste de ne pas encombrer davantage ces établissements, il est impossible d’y être plus serré.", "translationEnglish": "Your Excellency will agree that these establishments should not be crowded any further: it would be impossible to pack them more tightly.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n194/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n193/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 127–128; passage p. 128", "letterNumber": "83", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The writing place is Ambleteuse. Marquise and Hardinghen are places discussed in the quartering problem, not additional Davout datelines.", "The regiment’s arrival at Marquise is anticipated, not confirmed by this letter.", "The recipient is identified by office in the heading; Berthier was the war minister.", "Printed dateline: Ambleteuse, 19 thermidor an XIII (7 août 1805).", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise building. It does not establish the location of the recipient or the whole corps." ], "themeId": "quarters" }, { "id": "davout-86", "date": "1805-09-26", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "oggersheim", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Boats for the Rhine, shortages behind them", "summary": "Davout reports from Oggersheim on the occupation of Mannheim and the staged crossing of the Rhine. Bisson’s division is to cross using assembled boats, with Friant following. Alongside the timetable he raises the lack of men and horses for the artillery train, delayed biscuit, pay arrears and worn footwear.", "excerptFrench": "La division du général Bisson passe le Rhin à neuf heures du matin avec les moyens d’embarcation que j’ai réunis; elle sera au delà de Manheim avant midi et prendra position entre Heidelberg et Manheim, à Neckarhausen.", "translationEnglish": "General Bisson’s division is to cross the Rhine at nine in the morning using the boats I have assembled; it will be beyond Mannheim before noon and take position between Heidelberg and Mannheim, at Neckarhausen.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n204/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n204/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 138–140; passage p. 138", "letterNumber": "86", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The hours in the body concern troop movements, not the dispatch time. The letter has no recorded writing hour.", "The proposed positions beyond the Rhine are intentions and expectations. Only Oggersheim is used as the writing-place marker.", "French “Manheim” is retained in the quotation; the translation uses the usual English spelling Mannheim. Some continuation-page margins are cropped in this scan; the quoted passage on p. 138 is legible.", "Printed dateline: Oggersheim, 4 vendémiaire an XIV (26 septembre 1805).", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise building. It does not establish the location of the recipient or the whole corps." ], "themeId": "bridge" }, { "id": "incoming-1805-09-26-napoleon-lannes", "date": "1805-09-26", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "strasbourg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Reconnaissance before dawn", "summary": "Napoleon orders Lannes to remain at Rastatt the following day, extend towards Baden if necessary, and send cavalry patrols as far as Wildbad. He specifies progressively smaller detachments for the farther stages. This opening-campaign order shows a corps commander’s reconnaissance work; it is not the decree appointing him.", "excerptFrench": "Ordre au maréchal Lannes de séjourner, demain 5, à Rastadt ; de s’étendre s’il est nécessaire jusqu’à Baden, et d’envoyer des reconnaissances de cavalerie jusqu’à Wildbad : ces reconnaissances partiront avant le jour", "translationEnglish": "Order to Marshal Lannes to remain tomorrow, the 5th, at Rastatt; to extend as far as Baden if necessary, and to send cavalry reconnaissance patrols as far as Wildbad: these patrols will set out before dawn.", "sourceId": "napoleon1863-v11", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Ha3SAAAAMAAJ/page/n254/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Ha3SAAAAMAAJ/page/n254/mode/1up", "page": "Vol. XI, p. 249, no. 9268", "letterNumber": 9268, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "The complete printed order, its heading, dateline, signature and adjacent document boundaries were visually checked in the 1863 edition. The selected French passage follows the print with line breaks and typographic apostrophes normalised. No autograph manuscript or delivery receipt examined. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Printed heading: 9268. Au maréchal Lannes. Dateline: Quartier impérial, Strasbourg, 4 vendémiaire an XIV (26 septembre 1805). The printed edition supplies both dates.", "This is a military order addressed to Lannes and signed Napoléon, not a personal salutation letter or an appointment decree. The edition cites Archives de l’Empire.", "The 5th means 5 vendémiaire, 27 September 1805. Before dawn is the ordered patrol departure time, not the writing time; time remains null.", "Rastadt is modern Rastatt. Baden and Wildbad are commanded reconnaissance destinations, not documented arrivals. Strasbourg is Napoleon’s sender dateline and does not locate Lannes.", "The selected passage stops before the detailed distribution of regiments, squadron and mounted picket. That continuation was inspected but is not part of the displayed quotation.", "A repeated version in an adjacent transmission to Andréossy is not added as a second direct Lannes record." ], "themeId": "intelligence" }, { "id": "incoming-1805-09-30-napoleon-lannes", "date": "1805-09-30", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "strasbourg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Help Ney without waiting for another order", "summary": "Napoleon tells Lannes, marching towards Ludwigsburg, to help Ney at Stuttgart if required without waiting for further orders. He also asks Lannes to prepare the imperial headquarters and keep Soult and Murat informed, showing how coordination was expected to work between separate corps.", "excerptFrench": "S’il avait besoin de vos secours, vous n’attendriez aucun ordre pour y voler avec votre zèle et votre bravoure accoutumés.", "translationEnglish": "If he needed your help, you would wait for no order before rushing to his aid with your customary zeal and courage.", "sourceId": "napoleon-sep1805", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-septembre-1805/5/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Strasbourg, 30 septembre 1805 — Au maréchal Lannes.", "The text describes expected or reported dispositions and a conditional duty to support Ney; it does not itself prove that the support was requested or carried out.", "Strasbourg is Napoleon’s dateline. Ludwigsburg is the intended headquarters destination, not Lannes’s dateline.", "The place marker is the sender’s published dateline only. The addressee, reported positions and intended movements do not establish the recipient’s presence or delivery of this letter." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "incoming-1805-10-03-napoleon-lannes", "date": "1805-10-03", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "ludwigsburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Find the enemy and connect the corps", "summary": "Napoleon asks Lannes to send patrols towards Gmünd, Heidenheim and Aalen and discover whether the enemy still occupies Nördlingen. Captured men are to be questioned carefully. He also wants an agreed intermediate post linking Lannes with Saint-Hilaire’s division, so urgent instructions can pass quickly.", "excerptFrench": "Un bon moyen d’avoir des renseignements serait d’enlever quelques prisonniers. Vous les feriez interroger avec soin et vous me feriez parvenir leur interrogatoire.", "translationEnglish": "A good way to obtain information would be to capture some prisoners. Have them questioned carefully and send me the record of their questioning.", "sourceId": "napoleon-oct1805", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-octobre-1805/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Quartier impérial, Ludwigsburg, 3 octobre 1805 — Au maréchal Lannes, sur la route de Schorndorf.", "The destination heading “sur la route de Schorndorf” is an address, not a personal presence marker for Lannes.", "Enemy locations appear as questions and reports to be checked, not settled observations.", "A neighbouring safeguard document on the same web page is headed 3 October 1806; this letter itself explicitly says 3 October 1805. Its own heading controls this record.", "The place marker is the sender’s published dateline only. The addressee, reported positions and intended movements do not establish the recipient’s presence or delivery of this letter." ], "themeId": "intelligence" }, { "id": "incoming-1805-10-07-berthier-davout", "date": "1805-10-07", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "berthier", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "donauworth", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Dismantle mills to improvise a Danube crossing", "summary": "From Donauwörth, Berthier instructs Davout to cover the Danube’s left bank towards Neuburg. He suggests dismantling mills to provide pontoons for a crossing at Rennertshofen, orders the Neuburg bridge restored, and coordinates Davout’s next moves with Soult, Bernadotte and Marmont. These are instructions and expectations, not proof of a completed crossing.", "excerptFrench": "Votre passage à Rennertshofen en sera d’autant plus facile : prenez les moulins, défaites-les, cela vous fera autant de pontons.", "translationEnglish": "Your crossing at Rennertshofen will be all the easier: take the mills, dismantle them; that will give you as many pontoons.", "sourceId": "alombert-colin1904-v3p1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena00coligoog/page/n257/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena00coligoog/page/n257/mode/1up", "page": "244–245", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "The recipient heading, dateline, full printed document and selected French passage were visually checked on printed pp. 244–245. The edition reproduces the signature “Maréchal Berthier”. This verifies the nineteenth-/early-twentieth-century printed edition, not an autograph manuscript. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The dateline is Donauwörth, 15 vendémiaire an XIV (7 octobre 1805). The Gregorian conversion is printed by the edition; it is not inferred from the chapter heading.", "This is the second Berthier-to-Davout document beginning on p. 244, below a separate letter dated Nördlingen the same day. The selected letter continues on p. 245 and ends with “Maréchal Berthier”. The earlier Nördlingen order is not incorporated.", "The pontoon suggestion is translated literally. The letter does not explain the construction of the mills or establish that the suggestion was carried out.", "Donauwörth is the sender’s writing dateline. Neuburg, Rennertshofen and Ingolstadt are ordered or anticipated destinations, not evidence of Davout’s presence or of message delivery." ], "themeId": "bridge" }, { "id": "incoming-1805-10-08-berthier-lannes", "date": "1805-10-08", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "berthier", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "donauworth", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Send an officer every evening", "summary": "Berthier conveys the order to move Lannes’s corps to Wertingen, patrol towards Burgau and maintain contact with Ney. He also insists on a daily officer’s report: an explicit routine for returning information to headquarters.", "excerptFrench": "Je vous rappelle l’ordre de m’envoyer, tous les soirs, un aide de camp ou un officier d’état-major et de me faire connaître ce qu’il y aurait de nouveau.", "translationEnglish": "I remind you of the order to send me an aide-de-camp or a staff officer every evening and to let me know of any new developments.", "sourceId": "alombert-colin1904-v3p1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena00coligoog/page/n325/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena00coligoog/page/n325/mode/1up", "page": "pp. 312–313", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, complete printed order, dateline and printed closing signature “Maréchal Berthier” visually checked in Alombert–Colin, La campagne de 1805 en Allemagne, tome III (1904). This is a check of the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript or independent proof of dispatch or receipt. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "The printed dateline gives Donauwörth, 16 vendémiaire an XIV, with the Gregorian date 1805-10-08 supplied in parentheses by the edition. The atlas retains that conversion.", "The sender is Berthier. References to the Emperor identify the source of authority, not a Napoleon signature or a separate Napoleon-to-Lannes document.", "The writing town belongs to Berthier. Ordered movements and other commanders’ reported positions are not converted into Lannes or Davout presence markers.", "The preceding document on p. 312 is Napoleon’s order to Berthier (Correspondance no. 9351). It is a separate document, outside this direct Berthier-to-Lannes record. The displayed excerpt is the final paragraph on p. 313.", "No hour is given. “Every evening” is the reporting instruction, not the writing time." ], "themeId": "intelligence" }, { "id": "incoming-1805-10-08-berthier-murat", "date": "1805-10-08", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "berthier", "recipientId": "murat", "placeId": "donauworth", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Use Lannes’s cavalry to screen the advance towards Burgau", "summary": "Berthier directs Murat’s dragoons and heavy cavalry towards Zusmarshausen and Burgau, authorising him to take two regiments from Lannes’s cavalry to screen their march. Occupying Burgau is conditional on the absence of enemy infantry. The order also demands patrols on the Augsburg–Ulm road, news shared with neighbouring marshals, and horse relays back to headquarters.", "excerptFrench": "La division de cavalerie de M. le maréchal Lannes marchant dans la même direction, vous êtes autorisé à en prendre deux régiments pour éclairer la marche de votre grosse cavalerie.", "translationEnglish": "As Marshal Lannes’s cavalry division is marching in the same direction, you are authorised to take two regiments from it to screen the march of your heavy cavalry.", "sourceId": "alombert-colin1904-v3p1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena00coligoog/page/n326/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena00coligoog/page/n326/mode/1up", "page": "313–314", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, dual-calendar dateline, complete printed letter, selected French passage and closing Maréchal Berthier signature visually checked on printed pp. 313–314. No autograph manuscript examined. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed heading: Le maréchal Berthier à Son Altesse Sérénissime le prince Murat. Dateline: Donauwörth, le 16 vendémiaire an XIV (8 octobre 1805). The Gregorian conversion is printed in the edition; no writing hour is given.", "The letter begins below a separator on p. 313 and ends with Maréchal Berthier on p. 314. The subsequent Belliard-to-Klein order is a separate document, not part of this letter.", "Two regiments from Lannes’s cavalry are authorised for reconnaissance and screening; the document does not demonstrate that they actually joined Murat. Instructions and conditional future positions are not plotted as completed movement.", "The map marker locates the sender’s dateline approximately. The addressee does not establish Murat’s presence, receipt of the letter, or a travelled route; davoutPlaceId remains null." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "murat-1805-10-08-napoleon", "date": "1805-10-08", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "murat", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "wertingen", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Wertingen: a victory report beside Lannes", "summary": "Murat reports a successful cavalry action and claims prisoners, guns and colours. He places Lannes behind Wertingen, sends reconnaissance towards Zusmarshausen and Burgau, and awaits intelligence or Napoleon’s orders before acting.", "excerptFrench": "Les troupes de Votre Majesté ont rencontré l’ennemi et l’ont complètement battu. 2,000 prisonniers, 6 canons et 6 drapeaux enlevés aux Autrichiens, voilà le résultat du premier succès de vos armes dans cette campagne. […] M. le maréchal Lannes occupe les hauteurs en arrière de Wertingen, sur la route de Burgau. La division Saint-Hilaire, qui arrive à l’instant, s’établira sur la route de Wertingen à Augsburg. Je fais reconnaître Zusmarshausen et Burgau et nous agirons d’après les renseignements qui nous parviendront, ou d’après les ordres que je recevrai de Votre Majesté.", "translationEnglish": "Your Majesty’s troops have encountered the enemy and completely defeated them. Two thousand prisoners, six guns and six colours taken from the Austrians: that is the result of your arms’ first success in this campaign. […] Marshal Lannes occupies the heights behind Wertingen, on the road to Burgau. Saint-Hilaire’s division, which is arriving at this moment, will take up position on the road from Wertingen to Augsburg. I am having Zusmarshausen and Burgau reconnoitred, and we shall act on the intelligence that reaches us, or on the orders I receive from Your Majesty.", "sourceId": "alombert-colin1904-v3p1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena00coligoog/page/n329/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena00coligoog/page/n329/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 316–317; selected passages pp. 316 and 317", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Printed heading “Le prince Murat à l’Empereur”, Wertingen dateline, dual date 16 vendémiaire an XIV (8 October 1805), selected passages, printed Murat signature, postscript and following-document boundary visually checked on pp. 316–317 (Archive leaves 329–330). No hour is printed.", "notes": [ "A contemporary claim reported by Murat, not an independently verified tally of losses or captures. The next printed document, Belliard’s report, gives different provisional figures; this selection does not reconcile them.", "The edition prints a Murat signature before the postscript. Its footnote says the postscript is entirely in Murat’s hand; no autograph manuscript was examined here.", "The bracketed ellipsis marks our omission between two non-contiguous passages. English translation newly prepared; line-end hyphenation and typographic apostrophes regularised.", "Wertingen is the sender’s dateline locality. Reported or intended locations of other units are not separate verified movement records." ], "themeId": "battle" }, { "id": "incoming-1805-10-09-berthier-lannes", "date": "1805-10-09", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "berthier", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "donauworth", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Overall command and direct reporting coexist", "summary": "Berthier places the joined divisions under Lannes’s infantry command while giving Murat overall command. Lannes is nevertheless to report directly to Napoleon and receive orders directly from Berthier. The order shows overlapping command and reporting arrangements rather than a single exclusive chain.", "excerptFrench": "L’intention de l’Empereur est qu’en vous conservant le commandement de toute l’infanterie, le maréchal Murat ait le commandement général, ce qui n’empêche pas que vous adressiez directement vos rapports à l’Empereur et que vous receviez directement les ordres de moi.", "translationEnglish": "The Emperor’s intention is that, while you retain command of all the infantry, Marshal Murat should have overall command. This does not prevent you from sending your reports directly to the Emperor and receiving your orders directly from me.", "sourceId": "alombert-colin1904-v3p1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena00coligoog/page/n409/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena00coligoog/page/n409/mode/1up", "page": "pp. 396–397", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, complete printed order, dateline and printed closing signature “Maréchal Berthier” visually checked in Alombert–Colin, La campagne de 1805 en Allemagne, tome III (1904). This is a check of the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript or independent proof of dispatch or receipt. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "The printed dateline gives Donauwörth, 17 vendémiaire an XIV, with the Gregorian date 1805-10-09 supplied in parentheses by the edition. The atlas retains that conversion.", "The sender is Berthier. References to the Emperor identify the source of authority, not a Napoleon signature or a separate Napoleon-to-Lannes document.", "The writing town belongs to Berthier. Ordered movements and other commanders’ reported positions are not converted into Lannes or Davout presence markers.", "The selected sentence crosses pp. 396–397. Berthier’s printed signature ends the order on p. 397.", "Lannes’s already selected letter to Berthier of the same date follows on pp. 397–398; shared date and editorial adjacency alone do not establish that it replies to this particular order. No reply link is asserted." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "incoming-1805-10-09-napoleon-lannes", "date": "1805-10-09", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "donauworth", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Praise after Wertingen, then another movement", "summary": "Napoleon praises the elite grenadiers’ conduct at Wertingen and tells Lannes to announce his satisfaction. He regrets the lack of remaining daylight and anticipates a concentration near Augsburg, but makes the intended movement conditional on further developments.", "excerptFrench": "Mettez à l’ordre des grenadiers que je suis content de la manière dont ils se sont conduits au combat de Wertingen.", "translationEnglish": "Announce in the grenadiers’ orders that I am pleased with the way they conducted themselves in the fighting at Wertingen.", "sourceId": "napoleon-oct1805", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-octobre-1805/2/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Quartier impérial, Donauwoerth, 9 octobre 1805 — Au maréchal Lannes.", "This is Napoleon’s acknowledgement and appraisal of Lannes’s report. No particular outgoing letter has been matched as its proven counterpart.", "Napoleon’s proposed departure at ten or eleven is inside the letter, not its writing time; time is therefore null.", "The adjacent official bulletin is a different document and is not incorporated into this letter.", "The place marker is the sender’s published dateline only. The addressee, reported positions and intended movements do not establish the recipient’s presence or delivery of this letter." ], "themeId": "morale" }, { "id": "lannes-1805-10-09-berthier", "date": "1805-10-09", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "wertingen", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "A corps commander asks for enough troops", "summary": "From Wertingen, Lannes reports uncertainty over Ney’s crossings of the Danube and explains that cavalry transferred to Murat has left him with his grenadier division alone. He asks Berthier to have his corps brought up to strength, arguing that he cannot undertake operations on the same scale as his colleagues.", "excerptFrench": "Votre Excellence sait que cette disposition me réduit à ma seule division de grenadiers, tandis que les autres corps d’armée se composent de trois ou quatre divisions. Avec si peu de monde, je ne puis guère entreprendre d’aussi grandes opérations que mes camarades.", "translationEnglish": "Your Excellency knows that this arrangement reduces me to my grenadier division alone, while the other army corps consist of three or four divisions. With so few men, I can hardly undertake operations as extensive as those of my colleagues.", "sourceId": "alombert-colin1904-v3p1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena00coligoog/page/n410/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena00coligoog/page/n410/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 397–398; selected passage p. 397", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, writing dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1904 printed scan. This is an edited reproduction of correspondence in a documentary campaign history. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed heading: Le maréchal Lannes au maréchal Berthier. Dateline: Wertingen, le 17 vendémiaire an XIV (9 octobre 1805). No writing time is printed.", "Lannes explicitly says he does not know whether all of Ney’s troops have crossed the Danube. His comments on Austrian intentions and his casualty/prisoner figures are reports or inferences, not independently verified here.", "The printed writing dateline supports this approximate town marker only. It does not establish the recipient’s location, the position of every unit, or a travelled route." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "incoming-1805-10-10-berthier-lannes", "date": "1805-10-10", "time": "00:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "berthier", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "augsburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Stay within reach of Ney before fighting", "summary": "Berthier reports Napoleon’s belief that the enemy may fight near Ulm and redirects Lannes by Burgau so that he can support Ney. The order cautions against hurrying into battle if the enemy is strong; the intelligence remains Napoleon’s contemporary assessment.", "excerptFrench": "Donnez nouvelle de cela au prince Murat; d’ailleurs, c’est à lui à juger, d’après les circonstances, qu’il ne faut pas se précipiter, que si l’ennemi était en grande force et résolu à livrer bataille devant Ulm, vous devez marcher lentement et ne vous battre que dans le cas où vous seriez parfaitement en mesure.", "translationEnglish": "Inform Prince Murat of this. It is for him to judge, according to circumstances, that there must be no rushing forward: if the enemy is in great strength and determined to fight before Ulm, you must advance slowly and fight only when fully ready to do so.", "sourceId": "alombert-colin1904-v3p1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena00coligoog/page/n481/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena00coligoog/page/n481/mode/1up", "page": "p. 468", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, complete printed order, dateline and printed closing signature “Maréchal Berthier” visually checked in Alombert–Colin, La campagne de 1805 en Allemagne, tome III (1904). This is a check of the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript or independent proof of dispatch or receipt. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "The printed dateline gives Augsburg, 18 vendémiaire an XIV, à minuit, with the Gregorian date 1805-10-10 supplied in parentheses by the edition. The atlas retains that conversion.", "The sender is Berthier. References to the Emperor identify the source of authority, not a Napoleon signature or a separate Napoleon-to-Lannes document.", "The writing town belongs to Berthier. Ordered movements and other commanders’ reported positions are not converted into Lannes or Davout presence markers.", "The date is retained exactly as printed; 00:00 represents “à minuit”, without moving the letter to an adjacent day or assigning a modern time zone.", "The printed letter states conditional plans, not proof of where Lannes or Ney actually stood when it was written." ], "themeId": "battle" }, { "id": "davout-104", "date": "1805-10-10", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "aichach", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "A halt lets the convoys catch up", "summary": "At Aichach, Davout awaits new orders and explains the benefit of a halt: the equipment trains and supply convoys have been able to rejoin the corps. He also asks where prisoners and deserters should be sent and discusses provision for guarding them when the corps moves.", "excerptFrench": "Ce dernier séjour a fait beaucoup de bien, en permettant aux divers parcs et convois de rejoindre le corps d’armée.", "translationEnglish": "This latest halt has done a great deal of good, allowing the various equipment trains and convoys to catch up with the army corps.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n229/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n229/mode/1up", "page": "Letter p. 163; passage p. 163", "letterNumber": "104", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The whole letter is on p. 163; p. 164 begins letter 105.", "The editorial footnote supplies additional campaign context. It is not treated as another statement in Davout’s letter or as a separate dated position.", "Printed dateline: Aichach, 18 vendémiaire an XIV (10 octobre 1805).", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise building. It does not establish the location of the recipient or the whole corps." ], "themeId": "movement" }, { "id": "lannes-1805-10-10-louise-lannes", "date": "1805-10-10", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "louise-lannes", "placeId": "augsburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Enthusiasm sent home from Augsburg", "summary": "Writing to his wife Louise from Augsburg, Lannes celebrates the opening of the campaign and praises Napoleon’s direction of it. He hopes the opposing army will be captured within eight days. This is confidence expressed in a personal letter, not a reliable prediction or a neutral battle report.", "excerptFrench": "Quelle tête que la tête de l’Empereur! L’armée ennemie est plus bloquée qu’elle ne l’était à Marengo; nous espérons que dans huit jours elle sera toute en notre pouvoir.", "translationEnglish": "What a mind the Emperor has! The enemy army is more closely hemmed in than it was at Marengo; we hope that within eight days it will be entirely in our power.", "sourceId": "thoumas1891-lannes", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n134/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n134/mode/1up", "page": "Letter p. 112; selected passage p. 112", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "The editor’s date/recipient introduction and selected quoted French passage were visually checked against the 1891 printed scan. This is a letter extract reproduced in a biography; the full original letter and autograph manuscript were not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The editor introduces this as a letter to la maréchale dated 10 October; the quoted dateline reads Augsbourg le 18 vendémiaire an XIV. Both support 10 October 1805 and Augsburg.", "The surrounding quotation includes casualty claims and a reference to fighting yesterday. Those details have not been independently reconciled with campaign chronology and are not used to date a separate battle event.", "Thoumas’s parenthetical comment about southern exaggeration is editorial, not Lannes’s words, and is not included in the selected quotation.", "The printed writing dateline supports this approximate town marker only. It does not establish the recipient’s location, the position of every unit, or a travelled route." ], "themeId": "morale" }, { "id": "lannes-1805-10-11-berthier", "date": "1805-10-11", "time": "06:00", "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "zusmarshausen", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "A dawn change of destination", "summary": "At six in the morning, Lannes acknowledges orders from Napoleon transmitted by Berthier. His corps is redirected towards Burgau instead of Mindelheim, and he sends a courier to intercept Suchet with the change. The letter records instructions and an expectation, not confirmed arrivals.", "excerptFrench": "D’après les ordres que vous m’avez transmis, de la part de Sa Majesté l’Empereur, j’ai aussitôt dirigé sur Burgau la marche de mon corps d’armée, qui devait d’abord se porter sur Mindelheim.", "translationEnglish": "Following the orders you transmitted to me on behalf of His Majesty the Emperor, I immediately directed my corps’s march towards Burgau; it was originally to move towards Mindelheim.", "sourceId": "alombert-colin1904-v3p1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena00coligoog/page/n575/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena00coligoog/page/n575/mode/1up", "page": "Letter p. 562; selected passage p. 562", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, writing dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1904 printed scan. This is an edited reproduction of correspondence in a documentary campaign history. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed heading: Le maréchal Lannes au maréchal Berthier. Dateline: Zusmarshausen, le 19 vendémiaire an XIV (11 octobre 1805), à 6 heures du matin.", "The journal entry below this signed letter is a separate document and is not treated as part of Lannes’s correspondence.", "The printed writing dateline supports this approximate town marker only. It does not establish the recipient’s location, the position of every unit, or a travelled route." ], "themeId": "movement" }, { "id": "incoming-1805-10-11-berthier-davout", "date": "1805-10-11", "time": "07:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "berthier", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "augsburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Dachau today, with a division held at the crossroads", "summary": "Writing at seven in the morning, Berthier directs Davout’s advance guard towards Dachau that day. If the whole corps cannot get there, it is to occupy the crossroads near Sulzemoos. A division is to remain there unless needed for an attack, while patrols examine the approaches towards Munich and Landsberg. Berthier also explains the positions of neighbouring corps and forbids Davout to reorganise the cavalry division temporarily available to him.", "excerptFrench": "Dans tous les cas, M. le maréchal Davout laissera à cette croisée de chemins une division, à moins qu’elle ne lui soit nécessaire pour attaquer l’ennemi.", "translationEnglish": "In any event, Marshal Davout will leave a division at these crossroads, unless he needs it to attack the enemy.", "sourceId": "alombert-colin1904-v3p1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena00coligoog/page/n599/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena00coligoog/page/n599/mode/1up", "page": "586", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "The recipient heading, dateline, full printed document and selected French passage were visually checked on printed pp. 586. The edition reproduces the signature “Maréchal Berthier”. This verifies the nineteenth-/early-twentieth-century printed edition, not an autograph manuscript. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The dateline is Augsburg, 19 vendémiaire an XIV (11 octobre 1805), à 7 heures du matin. The Gregorian conversion and writing time are printed explicitly.", "The next item on the page, “Ordre de marche du 19 vendémiaire”, is a separate document and has not been merged with this letter.", "The order says all indications suggest there is no enemy at Dachau; an attack the following day is conditional on finding one. This is reported expectation, not independently verified intelligence.", "Augsburg is the writing place. Dachau, Sulzemoos, Munich and Landsberg appear as destinations, patrol directions or reported dispositions; they are not recipient-presence markers." ], "themeId": "movement" }, { "id": "incoming-1805-10-11-napoleon-davout", "date": "1805-10-11", "time": "15:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "augsburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Bread, ammunition and fast communications", "summary": "Napoleon worries about Davout’s limited artillery and cartridges, asks for detailed information about enemy regiments, and orders measures to keep communications with Munich rapid. He wants bread made wherever possible, while saying that operational urgency prevents the day of rest he would like to allow.", "excerptFrench": "Faites faire du pain partout pour vos troupes, auxquelles je voudrais bien laisser un jour de repos, mais les moments sont pressants.", "translationEnglish": "Have bread made everywhere for your troops, whom I would very much like to give a day’s rest, but time is pressing.", "sourceId": "napoleon-oct1805", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-octobre-1805/2/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Quartier impérial, Augsbourg, 11 octobre, 3 heures après midi. — Au maréchal Davout.", "The local heading omits the year; 1805 comes from the October 1805 collection and the explicitly dated surrounding entries. The omission is retained here rather than silently supplying it in the quoted heading.", "The stated hour is 3 p.m., normalised to 15:00.", "The letter acknowledges a Davout letter about Nansouty’s artillery, but no exact reply pairing has been established in this selection.", "Assertions about encirclement and other corps’ positions are Napoleon’s contemporaneous assessment; no recipient presence is inferred.", "The place marker is the sender’s published dateline only. The addressee, reported positions and intended movements do not establish the recipient’s presence or delivery of this letter." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "lannes-1805-10-12-murat", "date": "1805-10-12", "time": "23:30", "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "murat", "placeId": "weissenhorn", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Late-night intelligence — and a disputed inference", "summary": "At 11.30 at night, Lannes tells Murat that an intercepted messenger has strengthened his belief in an Austrian retreat through Franconia. He urgently advocates moving forces to the Danube’s left bank to support Dupont. Murat’s following printed report to Napoleon explicitly says he does not share Lannes’s opinion.", "excerptFrench": "Tout paraît donc confirmer, Monseigneur, que l’ennemi a le projet de se retirer par la Franconie, et il n’est plus douteux pour moi, qu’il ne commence son mouvement cette nuit.", "translationEnglish": "Everything therefore seems to confirm, Monseigneur, that the enemy intends to withdraw through Franconia, and I no longer doubt that he will begin his movement tonight.", "sourceId": "alombert-colin1904-v3p2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena02coligoog/page/n84/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena02coligoog/page/n84/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 681–682; selected passage p. 681", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, writing dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1904 printed scan. This is an edited reproduction of correspondence in a documentary campaign history. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed heading: Le maréchal Lannes au prince Murat. Dateline: Weissenhorn, le 20 vendémiaire an XIV (12 octobre 1805), à 11 h. 30 du soir. The chapter heading says 13 October, but the letter’s explicit dateline is 12 October; 23:30 preserves the recorded evening time.", "The prisoner’s information, alleged espionage and Austrian intentions are reported claims. They are not verified movements.", "On printed p. 682 the next document is Murat to Napoleon from Pfaffenhofen, 13 October at four in the morning. Murat writes that he does not believe the alleged spy and does not share Lannes’s view. It is not an outgoing Lannes letter or a direct reply to him.", "The printed writing dateline supports this approximate town marker only. It does not establish the recipient’s location, the position of every unit, or a travelled route." ], "themeId": "intelligence" }, { "id": "murat-1805-10-12-napoleon", "date": "1805-10-12", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "murat", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "pfaffenhofen-roth", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Danube bridges, but no premature battle", "summary": "Murat acknowledges Napoleon’s instructions and reports the restoration of the Leipheim bridge. He says Ney has orders concerning Elchingen and Thalfingen, but will be told to avoid a major engagement because Napoleon does not want a serious action the next day.", "excerptFrench": "Le pont de Leipheim est rétabli et M. le maréchal Ney va se mettre en communication avec la division Dupont. Il a aussi reçu l’ordre de tâcher de s’emparer des ponts d’Elchingen et de Thalfingen. Cependant, d’après la lettre de Votre Majesté qui ne veut pas qu’on ait demain d’affaire sérieuse, je vais prescrire d’éviter sur ces points un engagement trop considérable.", "translationEnglish": "The bridge at Leipheim has been restored, and Marshal Ney is about to establish contact with Dupont’s division. He has also received orders to try to seize the bridges at Elchingen and Thalfingen. However, following Your Majesty’s letter, which says that there should be no serious action tomorrow, I shall order that an engagement of too great a scale be avoided at these points.", "sourceId": "alombert-colin1904-v3p2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena02coligoog/page/n17/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena02coligoog/page/n16/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 613–614; selected passage p. 614", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Heading “Le prince Murat à l’Empereur”, Pfaffenhofen dateline, dual date 20 vendémiaire an XIV (12 October 1805), selected continuous passage and printed Murat closing visually checked on pp. 613–614 (Archive leaves 16–17). The preceding Napoleon letter and its postscript are separate documents. No hour is printed.", "notes": [ "A selected passage from a printed documentary campaign history; no autograph manuscript examined. English translation newly prepared.", "The preceding Napoleon letter complains that an earlier communication lacked its place, date and hour. That postscript is not part of this Murat letter.", "Pfaffenhofen is mapped to the existing Pfaffenhofen an der Roth record using the Ulm/Elchingen context. It is the sender’s dateline, not a new recipient-position claim.", "Statements that orders were given or a bridge restored remain Murat’s report; the letter does not itself prove later compliance." ], "themeId": "bridge" }, { "id": "incoming-1805-10-13-berthier-lannes-bridge", "date": "1805-10-13", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "berthier", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "pfaffenhofen-roth", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Secure the Ober-Kirchberg bridge", "summary": "Berthier orders Lannes to take the Ober-Kirchberg bridge, peacefully or by force, and use light cavalry to reconnoitre towards Ulm and Memmingen while waiting for news of Soult and Marmont. The instruction does not establish that the bridge was taken.", "excerptFrench": "M. le maréchal Lannes prendra, soit de gré, soit de force, le pont d’Ober-Kirchberg et il placera sa cavalerie légère pour éclairer Ulm, ainsi que du côté de Memmingen, jusqu’à ce qu’il ait des nouvelles du maréchal Soult, qui marche sur Memmingen, et du général Marmont qui va à Wullenstetten.", "translationEnglish": "Marshal Lannes will take the bridge at Ober-Kirchberg, peacefully or by force, and position his light cavalry to reconnoitre towards Ulm and Memmingen until he has news of Marshal Soult, who is marching on Memmingen, and General Marmont, who is heading to Wullenstetten.", "sourceId": "alombert-colin1904-v3p2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena02coligoog/page/n92/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena02coligoog/page/n92/mode/1up", "page": "pp. 689–690", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, complete printed order, dateline and printed closing signature “Maréchal Berthier” visually checked in Alombert–Colin, La campagne de 1805 en Allemagne, tome III (1904). This is a check of the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript or independent proof of dispatch or receipt. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "The printed dateline gives Pfaffenhofen, 21 vendémiaire an XIV, with the Gregorian date 1805-10-13 supplied in parentheses by the edition. The atlas retains that conversion.", "The sender is Berthier. References to the Emperor identify the source of authority, not a Napoleon signature or a separate Napoleon-to-Lannes document.", "The writing town belongs to Berthier. Ordered movements and other commanders’ reported positions are not converted into Lannes or Davout presence markers.", "The entire one-sentence body is displayed; the closing printed signature is on p. 690. The preceding divisional narrative and following Compans letter are separate documents.", "This and the height order on p. 699 are distinct documents with the same date and no printed times. Their sequence on the page does not establish dispatch or delivery order." ], "themeId": "bridge" }, { "id": "incoming-1805-10-13-berthier-lannes-height", "date": "1805-10-13", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "berthier", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "pfaffenhofen-roth", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Entrench the height opposite Pfuhl", "summary": "Berthier directs Lannes to have Gazan’s division occupy the height opposite Pfuhl next day, post a battalion and four guns, and entrench. The full order assigns Ney responsibility for the left bank and asks for occupation before ten in the morning, if possible earlier.", "excerptFrench": "Il est ordonné à M. le maréchal Lannes de faire occuper demain, par la division Gazan, la petite hauteur qui est vis-à-vis Pfühl, d’y faire placer un bataillon de grand’garde avec quatre pièces de canon, et, si l’ennemi voulait reprendre cette hauteur, le maréchal Lannes se mettrait en mesure de le battre complètement.", "translationEnglish": "Marshal Lannes is ordered to have Gazan’s division occupy the small height opposite Pfuhl tomorrow and post a battalion on outpost duty there with four guns. If the enemy attempts to retake the height, Lannes is to be ready to defeat it decisively.", "sourceId": "alombert-colin1904-v3p2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena02coligoog/page/n102/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena02coligoog/page/n102/mode/1up", "page": "p. 699", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, complete printed order, dateline and printed closing signature “Maréchal Berthier” visually checked in Alombert–Colin, La campagne de 1805 en Allemagne, tome III (1904). This is a check of the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript or independent proof of dispatch or receipt. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "The printed dateline gives Pfaffenhofen, 21 vendémiaire an XIV, with the Gregorian date 1805-10-13 supplied in parentheses by the edition. The atlas retains that conversion.", "The sender is Berthier. References to the Emperor identify the source of authority, not a Napoleon signature or a separate Napoleon-to-Lannes document.", "The writing town belongs to Berthier. Ordered movements and other commanders’ reported positions are not converted into Lannes or Davout presence markers.", "Ten in the morning is the requested time for occupying the height, not the writing time; time remains null.", "This is separate from the same-day bridge order on pp. 689–690. Another support order printed under the 14 October chapter has a 13 October dateline and an editorial dating discussion; it was not selected.", "The displayed French preserves the printed Pfühl spelling. It denotes the ordered objective; no precise hill position is mapped." ], "themeId": "fortifications" }, { "id": "lannes-1805-10-16-napoleon", "date": "1805-10-16", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "soflingen", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Exhausted troops and a scattered corps", "summary": "Lannes tells Napoleon that Suchet’s four line regiments reached Söflingen the previous evening, too exhausted to march farther, with the artillery struggling to keep up. He is trying to gather the rest of his corps and asks where its artillery park, baggage and ambulance should be directed.", "excerptFrench": "J’ai l’honneur de rendre compte à Votre Majesté que je suis arrivé hier soir, après 6 heures, avec les quatre régiments de ligne de la division Suchet. La troupe était si harassée et la marche de l’artillerie si lente et si difficile qu’il leur eût été impossible d’aller plus loin.", "translationEnglish": "I have the honour to report to Your Majesty that I arrived yesterday evening, after six o’clock, with the four line regiments of Suchet’s division. The troops were so exhausted, and the artillery’s progress so slow and difficult, that it would have been impossible for them to go farther.", "sourceId": "alombert-colin1904-v3p2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena02coligoog/page/n233/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena02coligoog/page/n233/mode/1up", "page": "Letter p. 830; selected passage p. 830", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, writing dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1904 printed scan. This is an edited reproduction of correspondence in a documentary campaign history. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed heading: Le maréchal Lannes à l’Empereur. Dateline: Söflingen, le 24 vendémiaire an XIV (16 octobre 1805). No writing time is printed; the after-six time belongs to the previous evening’s arrival and is not assigned to this letter.", "He places the artillery park at Nersingen and baggage at Burgau but gives the ambulance as Biberach or Roggenburg. These unit/service locations, including that explicit uncertainty, are not positions of Lannes or Napoleon.", "The footnote about building ovens is editorial supporting material, not part of the signed letter.", "The printed writing dateline supports this approximate town marker only. It does not establish the recipient’s location, the position of every unit, or a travelled route." ], "themeId": "quarters" }, { "id": "lannes-1805-10-20-napoleon", "date": "1805-10-20", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "nordlingen", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "From pursuit towards Ingolstadt", "summary": "From Nördlingen, Lannes relays Murat’s claims about the pursuit of Ferdinand and says he is setting out towards Ingolstadt with the Oudinot, Nansouty and Beaumont divisions. He describes intended overnight quarters and a departure next day. The future movements remain plans rather than a plotted route.", "excerptFrench": "Son Altesse Sérénissime le prince Murat, ayant tout fini avec le peu de troupes qu’il a, et n’ayant plus besoin de moi, je me mets en marche avec les divisions Oudinot, Nansouty et Beaumont pour Ingolstadt.", "translationEnglish": "His Serene Highness Prince Murat having finished everything with the few troops he has, and no longer needing me, I am setting out for Ingolstadt with the divisions of Oudinot, Nansouty and Beaumont.", "sourceId": "alombert-colin1904-v3p2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena02coligoog/page/n389/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena02coligoog/page/n389/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 984–985; selected passage p. 984", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, writing dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1904 printed scan. This is an edited reproduction of correspondence in a documentary campaign history. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed heading: Le maréchal Lannes à l’Empereur. Dateline: Nördlingen, le 28 vendémiaire an XIV (20 octobre 1805). No writing time is printed.", "The report of captures comes from a letter Lannes says he received from Murat. Lannes’s expectation that Ferdinand will be captured within two days is a prediction, not an established outcome.", "The 5th Corps journal that follows the signature on p. 985 is a separate documentary item and is not merged into this letter.", "The printed writing dateline supports this approximate town marker only. It does not establish the recipient’s location, the position of every unit, or a travelled route." ], "themeId": "movement" }, { "id": "incoming-1805-10-23-berthier-lannes", "date": "1805-10-23", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "berthier", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "augsburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Concentrate at Landshut with two days’ bread", "summary": "Berthier forwards orders for Lannes to distribute with his own instructions. Napoleon wants the corps concentrated at Landshut as soon as possible; Berthier requests the expected assembly date and each division’s overnight location, and requires two days’ bread for departing troops.", "excerptFrench": "Je dois vous faire connaître que l’intention de l’Empereur est que tout votre corps d’armée soit réuni le plus tôt possible à Landshut. Instruisez-moi du jour où toutes les divisions seront réunies, et des lieux de couchée de chacune. Il faut faire en sorte que tout ce qui part ait du pain pour deux jours.", "translationEnglish": "I must inform you that the Emperor’s intention is to have your whole corps assembled at Landshut as soon as possible. Tell me the day on which all the divisions will be together and where each will spend the night. Arrange for every departing unit to have bread for two days.", "sourceId": "alombert-colin1904-v3p2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena02coligoog/page/n483/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lacampagnedeena02coligoog/page/n483/mode/1up", "page": "p. 1078", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, complete printed order, dateline and printed closing signature “Maréchal Berthier” visually checked in Alombert–Colin, La campagne de 1805 en Allemagne, tome III (1904). This is a check of the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript or independent proof of dispatch or receipt. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "The printed dateline gives Augsburg, 1er brumaire an XIV, with the Gregorian date 1805-10-23 supplied in parentheses by the edition. The atlas retains that conversion.", "The sender is Berthier. References to the Emperor identify the source of authority, not a Napoleon signature or a separate Napoleon-to-Lannes document.", "The writing town belongs to Berthier. Ordered movements and other commanders’ reported positions are not converted into Lannes or Davout presence markers.", "The separate Beaumont and Marmont orders above it are dated noon, but the Lannes letter has no writing hour. Their times are not carried into this record.", "The enclosures are mentioned, but this record does not claim to identify which nearby orders were physically enclosed. Landshut is an intended concentration point, not the sender dateline or proof of arrival." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "incoming-1805-11-18-napoleon-lannes", "date": "1805-11-18", "time": "21:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "znojmo", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Rest the grenadiers—and take care of yourself", "summary": "Napoleon answers a letter in which Lannes reports a Russian capture, warns him against exposing himself too much, and explains why he has allowed the grenadiers a rest day. He would prefer a less complete victory to making such soldiers ill, while anticipating a move towards Brünn.", "excerptFrench": "J’aspire après le moment où je pourrai les faire reposer un ou deux mois.", "translationEnglish": "I long for the moment when I can give them one or two months’ rest.", "sourceId": "napoleon-nov1805", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-novembre-1805/3/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Znaym, 18 novembre 1805, 9 heures du soir. — Au maréchal Lannes.", "The letter says Lannes reported that Sebastiani had captured 1,200 Russians. That figure is an attributed report, not independently established here.", "Napoleon explicitly acknowledges Lannes’s letter “d’aujourd’hui”; no exact outgoing counterpart is paired unless separately established from its full text.", "The 9 p.m. dateline is normalised to 21:00. The intended arrival at Brünn tomorrow is not a dated presence record.", "Modern identification of historical Znaym as Znojmo is proposed in the place candidates and awaits the shared gazetteer check.", "The place marker is the sender’s published dateline only. The addressee, reported positions and intended movements do not establish the recipient’s presence or delivery of this letter." ], "themeId": "quarters" }, { "id": "incoming-1805-11-26-berthier-davout", "date": "1805-11-26", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "berthier", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "brno", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Berthier transmits a formation against the Russians", "summary": "Writing by Napoleon’s order, Berthier gives Davout a proposed battle formation: a regiment in line, another in close columns behind it, artillery in the intervals and cavalry supporting each brigade. The arrangement is intended to combine infantry fire with ready columns and protection against Cossacks.", "excerptFrench": "Dans cet ordre de bataille, vous vous trouverez dans le cas d’opposer à l’ennemi le feu de la ligne, et des colonnes serrées toutes formées pour opposer aux siennes.", "translationEnglish": "With this battle formation, you will be able to oppose the enemy with the fire of the line and with close columns already formed to meet his.", "sourceId": "napoleon-nov1805", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-novembre-1805/4/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Brünn, 26 novembre 1805 — Au maréchal Davout.", "The text opens “L’Empereur me charge…” and is signed “Le maréchal Berthier, par ordre de l’Empereur.” Berthier is the sender; Napoleon is the authority behind the instruction.", "This letter has no hour. A separate Davout order immediately below it is dated 9 p.m.; that hour must not be transferred to this record.", "The tactical formation is a prescription, not evidence of an actual battle deployment.", "Modern identification of Brünn as Brno is proposed in the place candidates and awaits the shared gazetteer check. Berthier’s later princely title is not assigned to this 1805 letter.", "The place marker is the sender’s published dateline only. The addressee, reported positions and intended movements do not establish the recipient’s presence or delivery of this letter." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "davout-121", "date": "1805-11-27", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "vienna", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Acting on a suspected error in a division’s name", "summary": "From Vienna, Davout explains that an order appears to name the wrong division. Assuming a mistake, he has acted with Gudin’s division and arranged for the bridge at Neudorf to be occupied during movement towards Presbourg. The letter also concerns intercepting couriers and circulating Hungarian translations.", "excerptFrench": "présumant bien qu’il avait dû être commis une erreur de nom de division", "translationEnglish": "assuming that a mistake must have been made in the name of the division", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n254/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n254/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 188–189; passage p. 188", "letterNumber": "121", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The quotation is a short sentence fragment, selected because it is fully legible despite cropped page margins.", "The error is Davout’s interpretation of the order; it is not presented as an independently established clerical mistake.", "Vienna is the writing place. The intended movements and the expected arrival of a division are not additional confirmed locations or writing times.", "Letter 122 starts later on p. 189 and has not been incorporated into this record.", "Printed dateline: Vienne, 6 frimaire an XIV (27 novembre 1805).", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise building. It does not establish the location of the recipient or the whole corps." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "davout-123", "date": "1805-12-02", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "menitz", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Austerlitz: close fighting and heavy losses", "summary": "In his first report of the fighting, Davout describes redirecting Friant towards Telnitz and repeated close combat around Sokolnitz. He praises the troops’ composure under fire while acknowledging that they have suffered heavily. This is a commander’s immediate account of his own part in the battle.", "excerptFrench": "Tous les corps ont manœuvré avec sang-froid, sous un feu très-vif, et se sont mêlés plusieurs fois avec l’ennemi; ils ont beaucoup souffert.", "translationEnglish": "All the units have manoeuvred calmly under very heavy fire and have engaged the enemy at close quarters several times; they have suffered heavily.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n259/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n258/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 192–195; passage p. 193", "letterNumber": "123", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The printed writing dateline says Menitz. Its modern geographic identification requires separate checking; the battle locations mentioned in the body are not substituted for it.", "The large editorial footnotes describe Napoleon’s plans and quote an official bulletin. They are not part of Davout’s report.", "Times of marches and engagements in the body are not a dispatch hour. The letter is dated 2 December without a writing time.", "The report is evidence of what Davout claimed at the time, not a complete or independently adjudicated account of Austerlitz.", "Printed dateline: A Menitz, 11 frimaire an XIV (2 décembre 1805).", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise building. It does not establish the location of the recipient or the whole corps." ], "themeId": "battle" }, { "id": "lannes-1805-12-04-louise-lannes", "date": "1805-12-04", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "louise-lannes", "placeId": null, "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "After the battle, longing for home", "summary": "In a personal letter to Louise, Lannes answers her complaint that he writes too rarely. He describes relentless forced marches and hopes they will meet again in a month. The biography dates this extract to the evening of 4 December 1805 but does not reproduce a writing place.", "excerptFrench": "Tu ne peux te faire une idée, ma chère Louise, des marches forcées que nous avons faites; je puis te dire que depuis mon départ de Paris, je ne me suis pas déshabillé quatre fois.", "translationEnglish": "You cannot imagine, my dear Louise, the forced marches we have made. I can tell you that since leaving Paris I have not taken my clothes off even four times.", "sourceId": "thoumas1891-lannes", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n161/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n161/mode/1up", "page": "Letter p. 139; selected passage p. 139", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "The editor’s date/recipient introduction and selected quoted French passage were visually checked against the 1891 printed scan. This is a letter extract reproduced in a biography; the full original letter and autograph manuscript were not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Thoumas introduces the extract with Le soir même du 4 décembre, Lannes écrivait à la maréchale. The year 1805 is established by the surrounding Austerlitz campaign narrative and the explicit December 1805 reference below it. No full dateline is reproduced.", "Evening is a broad description in the editor’s introduction, not an exact writing time; time is left null.", "The full printed extract also gives sweeping claims about enemy numbers and losses; those are not independently verified here. The editor’s parenthetical explanation of paix conjugale is not part of the selected quotation.", "The phrase about not undressing even four times is preserved as a personal claim of fatigue, not used as a measured fact.", "The reproduced extract has no writing-place dateline. The place is left unknown; contextual references do not locate Lannes on that date." ], "themeId": "morale" }, { "id": "davout-125", "date": "1805-12-05", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "friant", "placeId": "lundenbourg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Friant may open and act on urgent dispatches", "summary": "From headquarters at Lundenbourg, Davout authorises Friant to open dispatches addressed to him from the main headquarters and execute any movement orders immediately. Four of Davout’s orderlies are reserved for the most urgent messages. The armistice is no reason to relax surveillance or outpost precautions.", "excerptFrench": "Je vous autorise, mon cher Friant, à décacheter toutes les dépêches qui me seraient adressées du grand quartier général. Vous ferez exécuter tout de suite les ordres de mouvement qu’elles pourraient contenir, vous me les renverrez aussitôt après.", "translationEnglish": "I authorise you, my dear Friant, to unseal every dispatch addressed to me from the main headquarters. You will have any movement orders they may contain carried out immediately, and send the dispatches on to me straight afterwards.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n264/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n264/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 198–199; passage p. 198", "letterNumber": "125", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The edition prints the mixed-form date “14 frimaire 1805”, without a Gregorian equivalent. The timeline normalises 14 Frimaire of Year XIV to 5 December 1805; the printed wording is preserved here rather than silently corrected.", "Lundenbourg is explicitly the writing headquarters. The route from Josephdorf mentioned for the orderlies is not mapped as a demonstrated courier journey.", "Authorisation to open and forward dispatches does not establish when those dispatches arrived or were executed.", "The preceding armistice texts on p. 198 belong to the material printed with letter 124; they are not part of letter 125.", "Printed dateline: Au quartier général de Lundenbourg, 14 frimaire 1805.", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise building. It does not establish the location of the recipient or the whole corps." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "davout-132", "date": "1805-12-06", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "lundenbourg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "After the victory, two divisions still need food", "summary": "Davout explains that the 4th Corps has occupied the area behind his bivouacs, leaving only two villages without resources to feed his two divisions. He therefore assigns wider cantonments and describes their intended distribution. A postscript reports the seizure of grain, flour and oats for transfer to Vienna.", "excerptFrench": "il ne me reste que deux villages sans ressource pour alimenter les deux divisions.", "translationEnglish": "I have only two villages left, without resources, to feed the two divisions.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n290/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n290/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 224–225; passage p. 224", "letterNumber": "132", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The quotation is the final clause of the opening sentence on p. 224.", "The troop locations on p. 225 are assigned or proposed cantonments. They are not separately recorded as confirmed arrivals.", "The writing dateline supports Lundenbourg only; the letter does not fix the position of every unit or of the recipient.", "The end of the preceding battle report on p. 224 is not part of letter 132.", "Printed dateline: Lundenbourg, 15 frimaire an XIV (6 décembre 1805).", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise building. It does not establish the location of the recipient or the whole corps." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "davout-170", "date": "1806-09-15", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "friant", "placeId": "paris", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "War preparations — and cooking pots", "summary": "Writing from Paris after seeing Napoleon at Saint-Cloud, Davout tells Friant that preparations for war are under way, although some still expect them to secure peace. He is confident in the troops but says they lack cooking pots and canteens; captains are to arrange purchases from inhabitants in Germany.", "excerptFrench": "Tout est à la guerre ici; une partie de la garde est partie ce matin.", "translationEnglish": "Everything here is geared towards war; part of the Guard left this morning.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n331/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n330/mode/1up", "page": "Letter starts p. 264; passage p. 265", "letterNumber": "170", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The confidential news and family news belong to this letter; the long Napoleon quotation in the footnote is editorial supporting material, not Davout’s letter.", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise headquarters. Does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Paris, 15 septembre 1806." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "davout-171", "date": "1806-10-01", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "bamberg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "At Bamberg, seeking the latest orders", "summary": "Davout reports arriving in Bamberg to confer with Bernadotte, the prince of Ponte-Corvo. Differences between the orders and Bernadotte’s movement make him wonder whether instructions have changed. He reports his divisions assembling and continues the hussars towards Kronach under the orders already received.", "excerptFrench": "Monseigneur, je viens d’arriver à Bamberg pour me concerter avec le prince de Ponte-Corvo", "translationEnglish": "Monseigneur, I have just arrived at Bamberg to confer with the prince of Ponte-Corvo", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n332/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n332/mode/1up", "page": "Letter starts p. 266; passage p. 266", "letterNumber": "171", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The excerpt is the opening clause, not a complete sentence. Page 267 is cropped at the left edge in this scan; the selected quotation is entirely legible on page 266.", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise headquarters. Does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Bamberg, 1er octobre 1806." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "davout-174", "date": "1806-10-05", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "bamberg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "An inspection before the march", "summary": "Davout reports the inspection of his corps: arms are in good condition, clothing has been issued and the men have spare shoes. Camp utensils remain unevenly supplied. He also describes ammunition stocks and the problem of transporting the remaining cartridges.", "excerptFrench": "L’armement est partout dans un très-bon état.", "translationEnglish": "The arms are everywhere in very good condition.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n335/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n334/mode/1up", "page": "Letter starts p. 268; passage p. 269", "letterNumber": "174", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Page 269 is cropped at the left edge. The short selected sentence is completely visible; the summary avoids reproducing damaged lines as exact quotations.", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise headquarters. Does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Bamberg, 5 octobre 1806." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "incoming-1806-10-05-napoleon", "date": "1806-10-05", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "wurzburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Ovens, bread and the road to Lichtenfels", "summary": "Napoleon expects to reach Bamberg the following day. He tells Davout to keep his cantonments near the Lichtenfels road, accommodate the incoming Foot Guard close to the imperial lodging, and produce as much bread and biscuit as possible.", "excerptFrench": "Vous devez prendre le chemin de Lichtenfels; ainsi n’éloignez pas vos cantonnements de cette route.", "translationEnglish": "You must take the road to Lichtenfels; therefore do not place your cantonments far from that road.", "sourceId": "napoleon-oct1806", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-octobre-1806/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and text checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Heading and complete letter inspected. No recipient address supplied. The stated movement and Guard arrival are prospective.", "Source heading: Würzburg, 5 octobre 1806 — Au maréchal Davout" ], "themeId": "supplies", "modernEdition": { "archiveId": "CG6-13206", "url": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13206.md", "dateline": "Wurtzbourg, 5 octobre 1806", "checkedAt": "2026-10-27", "notes": [ "The older quotation uses ‘n’éloignez pas’; the modern edition uses ‘n’éloignez point’, with the same sense.", "The modern transcription leaves the Foot Guard’s destination blank. Its note says the older edition, no. 10943, supplies Bamberg. The quotation above remains attributed to its older source; the missing word has not been inserted into modern text.", "The modern phrase ‘pain biscuité’ refers to bread prepared as biscuit." ], "witnessReference": "Minute, Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 43 bis." } }, { "id": "lannes-incoming-1806-10-08-napoleon", "date": "1806-10-08", "time": "16:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "kronach", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Keep in touch with the centre", "summary": "Napoleon complains that Lannes entered Cobourg before the instructed time, then orders a rapid advance towards Grafenthal and frequent reports on the terrain and enemy. He tells Lannes to establish contact with the centre, reporting that Davout is sending patrols to connect with him.", "excerptFrench": "Envoyez des postes pour vous lier avec le centre.", "translationEnglish": "Send out posts to establish contact with the centre.", "sourceId": "napoleon-oct1806", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-octobre-1806/2/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Kronach, 8 octobre 1806, 4 heures après midi — Au maréchal Lannes.", "No recipient town is supplied. Kronach is Napoleon’s writing location, not Lannes’s position.", "The early entry into Cobourg and Davout’s location and patrols are Napoleon’s contemporary statements. The orders do not prove their execution, a meeting between the marshals, or this letter’s delivery." ], "themeId": "orders", "modernEdition": { "archiveId": "CG6-13241", "url": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13241.md", "dateline": "Kronach, 8 octobre 1806, 4 heures du soir", "checkedAt": "2026-10-27", "notes": [ "The modern note identifies Scherb as courier and cites a minute and an auction record. This provides additional provenance, not proof of delivery time." ], "witnessReference": "Old edition no. 10971; minute Archives nationales AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 80; Drouot, 7 February 2006, no. 27." } }, { "id": "davout-176", "date": "1806-10-11", "time": "02:00", "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "possneck", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "At two in the morning, the column must catch up", "summary": "Davout explains why he halted the head of his infantry at Pössneck: he was waiting for Milhaud’s cavalry reports and for the infantry to close up after a long, rapid march. Reconnaissance parties are bringing prisoners and reports of the fighting at Saalfeld.", "excerptFrench": "la marche, aussi longue que rapide, ayant extrêmement allongé ses colonnes.", "translationEnglish": "the march, as long as it was rapid, having greatly stretched out its columns.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n338/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n337/mode/1up", "page": "Letter starts p. 271; passage p. 272", "letterNumber": "176", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The quotation is a clause from a longer sentence. The time is explicitly printed; no modern time zone is assigned. Posneck is the edition’s spelling.", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise headquarters. Does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Posneck, 11 octobre 1806, à deux heures du matin." ], "themeId": "movement" }, { "id": "lannes-incoming-1806-10-12-napoleon", "date": "1806-10-12", "time": "04:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "auma", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "After the fighting: guns and intelligence", "summary": "Napoleon welcomes news of Lannes’s action on the 10th and tells him to send captured guns back to Kronach. He urges attacks on enemy columns while they are moving and gathering, while qualifying that advice when an enemy position offers too great an advantage. Scouts are to collect intelligence ahead.", "excerptFrench": "Ne manquez pas d’envoyer beaucoup de coureurs devant vous", "translationEnglish": "Be sure to send many scouts ahead of you", "sourceId": "napoleon-oct1806", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-octobre-1806/2/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Quartier impérial, Auma, 12 octobre 1806, 4 heures du matin — Au maréchal Lannes.", "No recipient town is supplied. Auma is the imperial headquarters dateline, not evidence of Lannes’s presence.", "The references to fighting on the 10th, enemy confusion and intercepted correspondence are contemporary reports and Napoleon’s interpretation. The excerpt is a clause from a longer sentence.", "The same day’s existing order to Davout directs him towards Naumburg; these are parallel command instructions, not an exchange between Davout and Lannes." ], "themeId": "intelligence", "modernEdition": { "archiveId": "CG6-13253", "url": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13253.md", "dateline": "Auma, 12 octobre 1806, 4 heures du matin", "checkedAt": "2026-10-27", "notes": [ "The modern notes identify Saalfeld and Louis-Ferdinand and supply references to the older edition and surviving witnesses." ], "witnessReference": "Old edition no. 10982; minute Archives nationales AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 92; Drouot, 7 February 2006, no. 28." } }, { "id": "incoming-1806-10-12-hq", "date": "1806-10-12", "time": "05:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "imperial-hq", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "auma", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "March directly on Naumburg", "summary": "An imperial order directs Davout's entire corps towards Naumburg as quickly as possible while remaining ready to fight. Light cavalry is to scout ahead and obtain prisoners and intelligence; Sahuc's dragoon division is placed under Davout's command.", "excerptFrench": "Il est ordonné à M. le maréchal Davout de partir avec tout son corps d'armée de la position qu'il occupe pour se diriger directement sur Naumburg", "translationEnglish": "Marshal Davout is ordered to leave the position he occupies with his entire army corps and march directly towards Naumburg", "sourceId": "davout-operations1896", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleon-series.org/military-info/battles/1806/auerstadt/c_davout.html", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and text checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The inspected transcription identifies an imperial-HQ order but does not reproduce a signature. Do not assign personal authorship to Berthier without another source. Auma is the order's origin, not Davout's position. Website contains transcription errors outside this excerpt.", "Source heading: 12 October 1806, 5 a.m., Auma" ], "themeId": "movement" }, { "id": "davout-177", "date": "1806-10-12", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "naumburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "The cavalry reaches Naumburg before the infantry", "summary": "Davout reports that his light cavalry reached Naumburg at half past three and the advance guard at eight in the evening. The hard day’s march has produced stragglers, so his infantry divisions are halted at different distances outside the town.", "excerptFrench": "La journée ayant été extrêmement forte et ayant occasionné beaucoup de traîneurs, j’ai fait arrêter la 1re division à une lieue ou deux de Naumbourg, la 2e un peu plus loin et la 3e à environ trois lieues.", "translationEnglish": "The day’s march having been extremely hard and caused many stragglers, I halted the 1st division one or two leagues from Naumburg, the 2nd a little farther away and the 3rd about three leagues away.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n339/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n339/mode/1up", "page": "Letter starts p. 273; passage p. 273", "letterNumber": "177", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The printed dateline is 12 October, visually verified. The downloaded OCR incorrectly reads 13 October. Superscript ordinal endings are represented as plain text. The cavalry’s 15:30 arrival is inferred from the day/evening narrative; it is not used as the letter’s writing time.", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise headquarters. Does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Naumbourg, 12 octobre 1806." ], "themeId": "movement" }, { "id": "incoming-1806-10-13-hq", "date": "1806-10-13", "time": "15:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "imperial-hq", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "jena-bivouac", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "If Lannes is attacked tonight", "summary": "Headquarters reports that Lannes faces an enemy force near Jena. If Davout hears an attack there that evening, he is to manoeuvre against the enemy's left. If there is no attack, further orders for the following day will arrive during the night.", "excerptFrench": "S'il n'y a pas d'attaque ce soir à Iéna, vous recevrez cette nuit les dispositions de l'Empereur pour la journée de demain.", "translationEnglish": "If there is no attack at Jena this evening, you will receive the Emperor’s dispositions for tomorrow during the night.", "sourceId": "davout-operations1896", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleon-series.org/military-info/battles/1806/auerstadt/c_davout.html", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and text checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Not the later night order sometimes central to accounts of Auerstedt. The sender's bivouac is only approximately located. Text inspected; signature not reproduced.", "Source heading: 13 October 1806, 3 p.m.; Au bivouac, une lieue et demie d'Iéna" ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "davout-179", "date": "1806-10-14", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "eckartsberga", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "A first report of Auerstedt: victory and loss", "summary": "From the bivouac at Eckartsberg, Davout reports a hard-fought victory after meeting the enemy beyond Kösen. Alongside his claims about captured artillery and opposing forces, he stresses casualties, wounded men and a shortage of cartridges. This is the commander’s immediate account, not an independently reconciled battle return.", "excerptFrench": "Plusieurs régiments ont perdu la plupart de leurs officiers. Le nombre des blessés est très-considérable.", "translationEnglish": "Several regiments have lost most of their officers. The number of wounded is very considerable.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n343/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n342/mode/1up", "page": "Letter starts p. 276; passage p. 277", "letterNumber": "179", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The letter concerns the battle now normally called Auerstedt. Eckartsberg is its dateline, not an assertion that the entire battle took place in that town. Casualty and enemy-strength statements are Davout’s contemporary claims.", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise headquarters. Does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Au bivouac d’Eckartsberg, 14 octobre 1806." ], "themeId": "battle" }, { "id": "incoming-1806-10-15-berthier-murat-noon", "date": "1806-10-15", "time": "12:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "berthier", "recipientId": "murat", "placeId": "jena", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Keep half the cavalry in reserve while the reports remain uncertain", "summary": "At noon after the battles of Jena and Auerstedt, Berthier tells Murat not to commit all his cavalry towards Erfurt. Half is to stay at Weimar, ready to move towards Naumburg when firmer intelligence arrives. The letter’s further reports about enemy strength, direction and commanders are contemporary claims, not independently verified outcomes.", "excerptFrench": "N’engagez pas, mon Prince, toute votre cavalerie sur Erfurt; laissez-en la moitié en réserve à Weimar, afin qu’on puisse la diriger sur Naumburg du moment qu’on aura des nouvelles plus positives de l’ennemi qui paraît s’être dirigé sur Naumburg.", "translationEnglish": "Do not commit all your cavalry towards Erfurt, my Prince; leave half in reserve at Weimar, so that it can be directed towards Naumburg as soon as we have firmer news of the enemy, who appears to have moved towards Naumburg.", "sourceId": "foucart1890-prusse-v2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n41/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n41/mode/1up", "page": "8–9", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Major-General-to-Grand-Duke-of-Berg heading, noon dateline, selected French paragraph and letter boundary visually checked on pp. 8–9. No signature is reproduced; Berthier attribution rests on the printed office heading. No autograph manuscript examined. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed dateline: Iéna, 15 octobre 1806, midi. The separate parenthesis says the letter was carried by M. de Canouville, who left at noon; the writing time is independently supplied by the dateline.", "The letter ends on p. 9 with the expectation that remnants of the Prussian army had moved towards Naumburg. Foucart’s subsequent smaller-type discussion is editorial analysis, not additional text by Berthier.", "The enemy’s direction and the reports of casualties among commanders are uncertain wartime intelligence. They are not used to create enemy positions or confirmed casualty events.", "Jena is a town dateline, distinct from the atlas’s separately unresolved bivouac near Jena.", "The map marker locates the sender’s dateline approximately. The addressee does not establish Murat’s presence, receipt of the letter, or a travelled route; davoutPlaceId remains null." ], "themeId": "intelligence" }, { "id": "incoming-1806-10-15-napoleon-murat", "date": "1806-10-15", "time": "13:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "murat", "placeId": "jena", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "An hour later, Napoleon passes on a different direction of retreat", "summary": "Napoleon now tells Murat that the Prussian army appears to be assembling towards Frankenhausen. He praises Davout’s action and reports positions for Davout and his light cavalry. Read beside Berthier’s noon reserve order, this short message shows headquarters revising its picture of the enemy. The edition itself questions the reported cavalry location at Neustädt.", "excerptFrench": "Il paraît que la réunion de l’armée prussienne se fait sur Frankenhausen. Le maréchal Davout a eu une affaire superbe; il a battu seul 60,000 Prussiens. Son quartier général était ce matin à Eckartsberg; sa cavalerie légère était à Buttstädt et à Neustädt.", "translationEnglish": "It appears that the Prussian army is assembling towards Frankenhausen. Marshal Davout has fought a splendid action; he alone defeated 60,000 Prussians. His headquarters was at Eckartsberg this morning; his light cavalry was at Buttstädt and Neustädt.", "sourceId": "foucart1890-prusse-v2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n46/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n46/mode/1up", "page": "13–14", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Emperor-to-Grand-Duke-of-Berg heading, dateline and complete short printed letter visually checked across pp. 13–14, together with the relevant editorial footnote. No signature is reproduced; attribution rests on the printed heading. No autograph manuscript examined. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed dateline: Iéna, 15 octobre 1806, 1 heure après midi. The excerpt reproduces the complete short letter, with its footnote marker removed and the footnote explained separately.", "The figure 60,000 and the reported dispositions are Napoleon’s contemporary assertions; the atlas does not certify them as exact strength or independently confirmed positions.", "Foucart’s footnote on p. 14 explicitly calls the indication of the III Corps light cavalry at Neustädt erroneous. The spelling Eckartsberg is retained in the excerpt. No marker is inferred from any of these reported positions.", "The preceding Viallannes-to-Davout report and following decree are separate documents. The sequence and one-hour interval are supplied by the printed datelines, not by invented receipt times.", "The map marker locates the sender’s dateline approximately. The addressee does not establish Murat’s presence, receipt of the letter, or a travelled route; davoutPlaceId remains null." ], "themeId": "intelligence", "modernEdition": { "archiveId": "CG6-13271", "url": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13271.md", "dateline": "Iéna, 15 octobre 1806, 1 heure après midi", "checkedAt": "2026-10-27", "notes": [ "The quotation above follows Foucart’s printed text. The modern edition adds ‘Mon frère’, describes an army of 60,000 men rather than 60,000 Prussians, and contains smaller spelling and wording differences.", "Foucart’s caution about the erroneous Neustaedt position is not repeated in the modern notes. That omission does not resolve the older warning. The older passage is not presented as a verbatim copy of the modern edition." ], "witnessReference": "Expédition, Archives nationales, fonds Murat, 31 AP 24, dossier 460, p. 12." } }, { "id": "davout-180", "date": "1806-10-15", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "eckartsberga", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "The morning after: ammunition and medical help", "summary": "Davout forwards reconnaissance reports but says a full battle report must wait. Replacing the ammunition expended has emptied his reserve. He asks for replacement officers and specialists, and for medical personnel and dressings to be sent to the many wounded at Naumburg.", "excerptFrench": "Il est nécessaire d’envoyer des secours d’officiers de santé, des objets de pansement à Naumbourg, le nombre des blessés étant très-considérable.", "translationEnglish": "Medical officers and dressing supplies need to be sent to Naumburg, the number of wounded being very considerable.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n345/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n344/mode/1up", "page": "Letter starts p. 278; passage p. 279", "letterNumber": "180", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The edition’s footnote explicitly identifies the letter’s “bataille d’Eckartsberg” as Auerstedt. The request for help does not establish when supplies arrived.", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise headquarters. Does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Au bivouac d’Eckartsberg, 15 octobre 1806." ], "themeId": "wounded" }, { "id": "lannes-1806-10-15-napoleon", "date": "1806-10-15", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "weimar", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "After Jena: a claim to lead the pursuit", "summary": "From Weimar, Lannes reports the Prussian retreat and presses Napoleon to let his corps move on. Proud of its conduct the previous day, he asks for the leading place in the advance and objects to spending another day inactive.", "excerptFrench": "Je prie donc V. M. de me mettre à la tête de la Grande Armée : la conduite que nous avons tenue hier nous donne ce droit.", "translationEnglish": "I therefore ask Your Majesty to place me at the head of the Grande Armée: our conduct yesterday gives us that right.", "sourceId": "foucart1890-prusse-v2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n44/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n43/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 10–11; passage p. 11", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline, recipient heading and selected French passage visually checked against the 1890 printed scan. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "In context, the appeal is to lead the advance, not a request to replace Napoleon as supreme commander. The reported enemy movements and capture totals are Lannes’s claims, not independently verified here.", "The editor’s following discussion of when Napoleon might have received the letter is not part of Lannes’s text; no dispatch or arrival time is assigned.", "Published writing dateline; town marker only, not a precise headquarters. It does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Weimar, 15 octobre 1806." ], "themeId": "movement" }, { "id": "incoming-1806-10-16-napoleon", "date": "1806-10-16", "time": "07:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "weimar", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Praise after Auerstedt, and a little rest", "summary": "Napoleon congratulates Davout, mourns the men lost and asks him to convey his satisfaction to the corps and its generals. He asks for news and tells Davout to let the corps rest for a while at Naumburg.", "excerptFrench": "Mon Cousin, je vous fais mon compliment de tout mon cœur sur votre belle conduite.", "translationEnglish": "My Cousin, I congratulate you with all my heart on your fine conduct.", "sourceId": "napoleon-oct1806", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-octobre-1806/4/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and text checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Heading and complete letter inspected. Text also appears on histoire-empire.org; this may be the same transcription lineage, not independent authentication. Rest at Naumburg is an instruction.", "Source heading: Weimar, 16 octobre 1806, 7 heures du matin — Au maréchal Davout" ], "themeId": "morale", "modernEdition": { "archiveId": "CG6-13273", "url": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13273.md", "dateline": "Weimar, 16 octobre 1806, 7 heures du matin", "checkedAt": "2026-10-27", "notes": [ "The main dateline gives 07:00, agreeing with the atlas. The modern editor reports 06:00 on the minute. Both documentary readings are retained; the atlas has not silently replaced one hour with the other." ], "witnessReference": "Expédition in private collection, microfilm Archives nationales fonds Suchet, 398 MI 1; minute AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 115." } }, { "id": "davout-184", "date": "1806-10-16", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "naumburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Praise, grief and loyalty", "summary": "Davout thanks Napoleon for congratulating the 3rd Corps and its generals. He presents that praise as consolation for the wounded and frames the deaths of his soldiers in the language of loyalty to their sovereign.", "excerptFrench": "Quant aux braves que nous avons perdus, Sire, ils sont morts en héros : leur dernier vœu a été pour leur bien-aimé souverain.", "translationEnglish": "As for the brave men we have lost, Sire, they died as heroes: their last wish was for their beloved sovereign.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n348/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n348/mode/1up", "page": "Letter starts p. 282; passage p. 282", "letterNumber": "184", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The claim about the men’s last wishes is Davout’s rhetorical statement. It is not presented as independently documented testimony from individual soldiers.", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise headquarters. Does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Naumbourg, 16 octobre 1806." ], "themeId": "morale" }, { "id": "davout-188", "date": "1806-10-18", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "duben", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "A bridge found intact at Düben", "summary": "Davout places his first division beyond Düben and the other two on the left bank of the Mulde. He reports retreating troops and says the French approach was unexpected, so no preparations had been made to burn the bridge. He expects similar success at Wittenberg; this expectation must be distinguished from the later crossing report.", "excerptFrench": "On ne nous attendait pas ici; aussi aucune disposition n’avait été faite pour brûler le pont.", "translationEnglish": "We were not expected here; consequently no preparations had been made to burn the bridge.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n355/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n355/mode/1up", "page": "Letter starts p. 289; passage p. 289", "letterNumber": "188", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Duben is identified here with modern Bad Düben. The letter dates the report, not every movement or intelligence item mentioned in it.", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise headquarters. Does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Duben, 18 octobre 1806." ], "themeId": "bridge" }, { "id": "incoming-1806-10-19-berthier-lannes", "date": "1806-10-19", "time": "04:30", "direction": "received", "senderId": "berthier", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "merseburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Coordinate the Elbe crossings with Davout", "summary": "The major general transmits Napoleon’s order for Lannes to march on Dessau and try to seize an Elbe crossing. He says Davout is to notify Lannes immediately if he gains a crossing elsewhere, and orders a cavalry post to speed correspondence. This documents intended operational cooperation, without establishing receipt, successful crossings or personal friendship.", "excerptFrench": "Le maréchal Davout sera à Düben avec son corps d’armée, et, s’il parvient à surprendre le pont sur l’Elbe ou à exécuter le passage de cette rivière sur un autre point, il vous en préviendra sur-le-champ. Vous laisserez à Zörbig un piquet de cavalerie pour rendre votre correspondance plus rapide.", "translationEnglish": "Marshal Davout will be at Düben with his corps, and if he succeeds in seizing the bridge over the Elbe by surprise or crossing the river at another point, he will inform you immediately. You will leave a cavalry detachment at Zörbig to speed up your correspondence.", "sourceId": "foucart1890-prusse-v2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n166/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n166/mode/1up", "page": "p. 133", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Complete printed order, recipient heading and dateline visually checked in Foucart, Campagne de Prusse, second volume (1890), p. 133. The edition attributes it to the Major-General; no closing signature is reproduced. Berthier attribution rests on that printed office heading, not an examined autograph or a printed Berthier signature. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Printed heading: Le Major Général au Maréchal Lannes. Dateline: Merseburg, 19 octobre 1806, 4 heures et demie du matin.", "Berthier is the major general conveying Napoleon’s authority. This is not a Napoleon-signed letter. The next heading, to Davout, begins a separate document; none of its text is included here.", "Merseburg is the sender’s writing place. The future statement about Davout at Düben and the ordered movements of Lannes are not independent proof of their presence or completion.", "The condition is explicit: Davout is to send word if he obtains an Elbe crossing. No successful passage, dispatch delivery or direct Davout-to-Lannes reply is inferred.", "This is evidence of intended operational coordination under shared command, not evidence of personal friendship, reconciliation or the absence of rivalry." ], "themeId": "bridge" }, { "id": "lannes-incoming-1806-10-19-napoleon", "date": "1806-10-19", "time": "17:30", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "halle", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Find boats for the Elbe", "summary": "Napoleon still lacks a clear report on whether the Mulde bridge is cut or Lannes has crossed. He orders boats and timber gathered, crossing sites examined and rafts built, and says that more pontonniers and Guard sailors are being sent. The proposed Elbe bridge is an intention, not a completed crossing.", "excerptFrench": "Il se trouve sur la Mulde des bateaux; faites courir pour les réunir tous.", "translationEnglish": "There are boats on the Mulde; send men out to gather them all.", "sourceId": "napoleon-oct1806", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-octobre-1806/4/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Halle, 19 octobre 1806, 5 heures et demie du soir — Au maréchal Lannes, à Dessau.", "Dessau is the intended address, not proof of receipt or Lannes’s presence. Halle is Napoleon’s writing location.", "This can be compared with Napoleon’s 20 October bridge order to Davout and Davout’s report that day. They concern parallel efforts to cross the Elbe; they are not a question-and-answer pair.", "The dispatch of specialists and the available boats are Napoleon’s statements; their arrival and the bridge’s completion are not established by this letter." ], "themeId": "bridge", "modernEdition": { "archiveId": "CG6-13289", "url": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13289.md", "dateline": "Halle, 19 octobre 1806, 5 heures et demie du soir", "checkedAt": "2026-10-27", "notes": [ "The editor reports that the minute addresses Lannes at Dessau and records a correction from the Mulde to the Elbe. An address or a dispatch annotation does not itself prove where or when the letter was received." ], "witnessReference": "Expédition from auction photograph, Drouot, 7 February 2006, no. 29; minute AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 131." } }, { "id": "incoming-1806-10-20-napoleon", "date": "1806-10-20", "time": "03:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "halle", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Get a bridge over the Elbe", "summary": "Napoleon presses for a bridge across the Elbe. Three corps are attempting a crossing, but Davout alone has boats. Once across, he is to establish a bridgehead, take Wittenberg and put its defences in order.", "excerptFrench": "Il est bien important d’avoir un pont sur l’Elbe.", "translationEnglish": "It is very important to have a bridge over the Elbe.", "sourceId": "napoleon-oct1806", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-octobre-1806/4/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and text checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "This letter gives objectives. Separate dispatches are needed to prove the actual crossing or arrival.", "Source heading: Halle, 20 octobre 1806, 3 heures du matin — Au maréchal Davout" ], "themeId": "bridge", "modernEdition": { "archiveId": "CG6-13294", "url": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13294.md", "dateline": "Halle, 20 octobre 1806, 3 heures du matin", "checkedAt": "2026-10-27", "notes": [ "The modern note identifies M. de Turenne as bearer on the minute. This is attributed editorial information, not an independently checked delivery record." ], "witnessReference": "Expédition, private collection; minute Archives nationales AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 139." } }, { "id": "davout-190", "date": "1806-10-20", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "wittenberg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Across the Elbe at Wittenberg", "summary": "Davout reports that the advance guard crossed the Elbe at nine in the morning and the whole corps was on the right bank before three in the afternoon. He describes saving the bridge after the Prussians set it alight, and asks for engineers, sappers and money to strengthen the crossing.", "excerptFrench": "l’avant-garde du 3e corps a passé l’Elbe, le 20, à neuf heures du matin; tout le corps d’armée était sur la rive droite avant trois heures après midi", "translationEnglish": "the advance guard of the 3rd Corps crossed the Elbe on the 20th at nine in the morning; the whole corps was on the right bank before three in the afternoon", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n357/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n357/mode/1up", "page": "Letter starts p. 291; passage p. 291", "letterNumber": "190", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Excerpt from a longer opening sentence. Superscript 3e is represented as plain text. The crossing times are events reported in the letter; its writing time is not stated. Source inconsistency: neighboring letter 189 gives ten in the morning for the advance guard’s crossing; letter 190 prints nine. Both report 20 October. Retain the wording as a reported time, not a reconciled fact.", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise headquarters. Does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Wittenberg, 20 octobre 1806.", "The neighbouring letter 189 gives 10:00 for the advance guard’s crossing; letter 190 gives 09:00. The date is shared, but the precise hour is not reconciled." ], "themeId": "bridge" }, { "id": "lannes-1806-10-20-napoleon", "date": "1806-10-20", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "dessau", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "At Dessau: boats if the bridge is late", "summary": "Lannes reports work to restore the crossing at Dessau. He has gathered boats as a fallback, anticipates that the bridge will be ready at midday, and sets out a staggered march for Suchet’s and Gazan’s divisions. The timetable is a plan, not proof that the whole corps crossed as intended.", "excerptFrench": "J’ai réuni assez de barques pour faire passer tout mon corps d’armée dans 3 heures de temps, supposé que le pont ne fût pas achevé, mais tout annonce qu’il le sera à midi.", "translationEnglish": "I have gathered enough boats to take my entire army corps across in three hours if the bridge is not finished, although everything suggests it will be ready at midday.", "sourceId": "foucart1890-prusse-v2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n207/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n207/mode/1up", "page": "Letter p. 174; passage p. 174", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline, recipient heading and selected French passage visually checked against the 1890 printed scan. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The printed dateline is 20 October. OCR incorrectly reads 30; the date was checked at higher image resolution.", "There is another Lannes letter of 20 October earlier in this volume. A date-only acknowledgement would not establish a unique reply to this document.", "Times in the body concern movements and the courier; there is no unambiguous dispatch time.", "Published writing dateline; town marker only, not a precise headquarters. It does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Dessau, 20 octobre 1806." ], "themeId": "bridge" }, { "id": "incoming-1806-10-23-berthier-davout", "date": "1806-10-23", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "berthier", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "wittenberg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "First into Berlin, with strict instructions for the occupation", "summary": "Berthier orders Davout to arrange his entry into Berlin for noon on 25 October, provided reconnaissance shows his flanks are clear. The corps is awarded the honour of entering first. Most troops and officers are to remain outside the city; the letter specifies guards, camps, baggage discipline, disarmament and reports back to headquarters. It ends by directing Davout to slow his movements if news of the enemy requires it.", "excerptFrench": "Faites connaître à votre corps d’armée que l’Empereur, en le faisant entrer le premier à Berlin, lui donne une preuve de sa satisfaction pour la bonne conduite qu’il a tenue à la bataille d’Iéna.", "translationEnglish": "Let your army corps know that, by having it enter Berlin first, the Emperor is giving it a mark of his satisfaction with its good conduct at the battle of Jena.", "sourceId": "foucart1890-prusse-v2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n272/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n272/mode/1up", "page": "239–241", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "The recipient heading, dateline, full printed document and selected French passage were visually checked on printed pp. 239–241. Foucart attributes the document through the heading “Le Major Général au maréchal Davout”; no signature is reproduced beneath this document. This verifies the nineteenth-/early-twentieth-century printed edition, not an autograph manuscript. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The printed dateline is Wittenberg, 23 octobre 1806. The noon on 25 October mentioned in the opening paragraph is the intended entry time, not the writing time or independent proof of arrival.", "The French source says “bataille d’Iéna”. The translation preserves that wording; it does not silently substitute Auerstedt, where Davout’s corps fought on 14 October.", "The document continues through the opening paragraphs of p. 241. The following separately headed “Ordre”, addressed to the officer Castille and signed Napoléon, is not part of this letter.", "Berthier transmits and elaborates the Emperor’s intentions as major general. This record is attributed to Berthier under Foucart’s printed heading, not converted into a Napoleon outgoing letter.", "Compare Davout’s subsequent report to Berthier (Mazade no. 196) and his letter to Lannes (no. 197). The latter reports receiving orders to enter Berlin; these are separate source records, not a duplicate of this order.", "Wittenberg is the sender’s dateline. Berlin, the approaches and proposed camps are ordered destinations, not proof of Davout’s presence or of actual execution." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "davout-196", "date": "1806-10-24", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "berlin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Reporting the Berlin entry dispute to headquarters", "summary": "From the outskirts of Berlin, Davout tells Berthier that Romeuf has reported a squadron of Lannes’s hussars and some of his officers entering the city. Davout says he has written to Lannes and is forwarding a copy. He still plans his own corps’ formal entry for the following day, in accordance with Berthier’s orders. This reports Davout’s understanding of the instructions; it is not Lannes’s explanation.", "excerptFrench": "J’ai écrit aussitôt au maréchal Lannes la lettre dont j’ai l’honneur d’adresser copie à Votre Altesse.\n\n[…]\n\nDemain, conformément aux ordres de Votre Altesse, le 3e corps fera son entrée à Berlin et sera reçu par les magistrats et notables, etc. […]", "translationEnglish": "I immediately wrote to Marshal Lannes the letter of which I have the honour of sending Your Highness a copy.\n\n[…]\n\nTomorrow, in accordance with Your Highness’s orders, the 3rd Corps will make its entry into Berlin and will be received by the magistrates and notables, etc. […]", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n362/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n362/mode/1up", "page": "pp. 296–298; selected passage p. 297", "letterNumber": "196", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Printed heading, 24 October 1806 dateline, selected passage and continuation visually checked on Mazade volume I, pp. 296–298. No separate signature is printed in this item; sender attribution follows the Davout correspondence edition. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "The report explicitly says Davout encloses a copy of his letter to Lannes, printed next as no. 197. This establishes a documentary connection, not that either message was received at a particular hour.", "The planned formal entry tomorrow is the wording of this letter. The editor’s footnote quotes the 17th Bulletin and supplies retrospective chronology; it is not part of Davout’s report.", "Mazade’s footnote suggests a misunderstanding over differing instructions. That is the later editor’s interpretation, not a recorded admission by Lannes or proof of personal hostility.", "Printed origin: Aux faubourgs de Berlin. The existing approximate Berlin town marker represents the outskirts, not an exact headquarters. Schönberg is an intended headquarters that evening, not the writing place.", "The two selected sentences are not contiguous; editorial ellipses mark the omitted intervening paragraph and continuation of the second sentence." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "davout-197", "date": "1806-10-24", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "berlin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Who was entitled to enter Berlin first?", "summary": "Writing from the outskirts of Berlin, Davout challenges Lannes after hearing that a squadron of the latter’s hussars has entered the city. He says Berthier had ordered that the 3rd Corps should enter first on the 25th, and asks whether the instructions have changed.", "excerptFrench": "Cependant Son Altesse le prince de Neufchâtel m’a fait connaître que l’intention de l’Empereur était que le 3e corps devait y entrer le premier, et qu’il ne devait le faire que demain 25.", "translationEnglish": "Yet His Highness the prince of Neufchâtel informed me that the Emperor intended the 3rd Corps to enter first, and that it was to do so only tomorrow, the 25th.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n364/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n364/mode/1up", "page": "Letter starts p. 298; passage p. 298", "letterNumber": "197", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The dateline says the outskirts; do not map an exact headquarters. The 25th is a planned entry in this letter. Mazade’s separate footnote says the entry occurred on 25 October, but that editorial assertion is not used as a letter event here.", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise headquarters. Does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Des faubourgs de Berlin, 24 octobre 1806." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "incoming-1806-10-25-napoleon", "date": "1806-10-25", "time": "17:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "potsdam", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "News of Spandau’s surrender", "summary": "Napoleon tells Davout that Spandau has surrendered and reports captured guns, powder, provisions and prisoners. This is information sent to Davout, not evidence that he captured the fortress or was at Potsdam.", "excerptFrench": "Mon Cousin, je vous annonce la nouvelle que Spandau vient de se rendre.", "translationEnglish": "My Cousin, I bring you the news that Spandau has just surrendered.", "sourceId": "napoleon-oct1806", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-octobre-1806/6/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and text checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Heading and complete short letter inspected. Quantities in the letter are contemporaneous reported figures, not independently audited totals.", "Source heading: Potsdam, 25 octobre 1806, 5 heures du soir — Au maréchal Davout" ], "themeId": "intelligence", "modernEdition": { "archiveId": "CG6-13330", "url": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13330.md", "dateline": "Potsdam, 25 octobre 1806, 5 heures du soir", "checkedAt": "2026-10-27", "notes": [ "The modern edition points to a dispatched letter in a private collection and a microfilm in the Suchet papers. Troop and prisoner quantities remain Napoleon’s claims." ], "witnessReference": "Expédition, private collection; microfilm Archives nationales fonds Suchet, 398 MI 1." } }, { "id": "incoming-1806-10-26-napoleon", "date": "1806-10-26", "time": "04:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "potsdam", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Intercept the boats leaving Berlin", "summary": "Napoleon orders patrols towards Frankfurt and the canals to intercept boats carrying court possessions or artillery stores from Berlin. He asks for details of Berlin's situation, expects reconnaissance towards Küstrin and says he is moving to Charlottenburg.", "excerptFrench": "J’attends des détails sur la situation de Berlin.", "translationEnglish": "I await details on the situation in Berlin.", "sourceId": "napoleon-oct1806", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-octobre-1806/6/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and text checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Frankfort is identified from the explicit Oder/canal geography; never map this reference to Frankfurt am Main. No recipient address in the heading.", "Source heading: Potsdam, 26 octobre 1806, 4 heures du matin — Au maréchal Davout" ], "themeId": "orders", "modernEdition": { "archiveId": "CG6-13346", "url": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13346.md", "dateline": "Potsdam, 26 octobre 1806, 4 heures du matin", "checkedAt": "2026-10-27", "notes": [ "The modern note records dispatch by M. de Montesquiou. Writing and dispatch are distinct from proven receipt." ], "witnessReference": "Expédition, private collection; microfilm Archives nationales fonds Suchet, 398 MI 1; minute AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 188." } }, { "id": "incoming-1806-10-26-napoleon-murat", "date": "1806-10-26", "time": "10:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "murat", "placeId": "potsdam", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Push to Zehdenick, with Lannes following and patrols searching ahead", "summary": "Replying to Murat’s early report from Hennigsdorf, Napoleon approves his direction but orders the cavalry to reach Zehdenick that evening and send strong reconnaissance towards Gransee and Templin. Lannes’s advance guard is to be at Falkenthal. Napoleon also asks urgently for news from the Ruppin patrols: the enemy’s route is still a matter of inference.", "excerptFrench": "La direction que vous prenez est bonne. Couchez ce soir avec vos divisions à Zehdenick, ayant de fortes reconnaissances sur Gransee et Templin. L’avant-garde du maréchal Lannes couchera ce soir à Falkenthal, et son infanterie aussi près de Falkenthal qu’il pourra.", "translationEnglish": "The direction you are taking is good. Spend tonight with your divisions at Zehdenick, with strong reconnaissance parties towards Gransee and Templin. Marshal Lannes’s advance guard will spend tonight at Falkenthal, and his infantry as close to Falkenthal as he can bring it.", "sourceId": "foucart1890-prusse-v2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n399/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n399/mode/1up", "page": "364–365", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Emperor-to-Grand-Duke-of-Berg heading, dateline, selected French passage and end of printed letter visually checked on pp. 364–365. No signature is reproduced; attribution rests on the printed heading. No autograph manuscript examined. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed dateline: Potsdam, 26 octobre 1806, 10 heures du matin. This is distinct from the other Napoleon-to-Murat letter of the same date printed on p. 378 without an hour in its dateline.", "The selected passage is continuous within the first paragraph; it begins after Napoleon’s acknowledgement of Murat’s Hennigsdorf letter.", "Zehdenick and Falkenthal are intended evening dispositions. This order alone does not prove arrival, receipt or compliance. Napoleon’s later assertion that none of an enemy column will escape is a prediction, not an outcome certified by the atlas.", "The map marker locates the sender’s dateline approximately. The addressee does not establish Murat’s presence, receipt of the letter, or a travelled route; davoutPlaceId remains null." ], "themeId": "movement", "modernEdition": { "archiveId": "CG6-13354", "url": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13354.md", "dateline": "Potsdam, 26 octobre 1806, 10 heures du matin", "checkedAt": "2026-10-27", "notes": [ "The older Foucart quotation and the modern edition vary slightly: ‘vos divisions’ becomes ‘vos deux divisions’, and the Lannes instruction uses a different phrase for getting as near Falkenthal as possible. The older wording above remains unchanged.", "Outside the displayed extract, the modern postscript gives 15,000 men for the Weimar column; the editor reports 5,000 on the minute. The related 10:00 letter to Lannes, CG6-13351, also gives 5,000. These numbers are not reconciled here." ], "witnessReference": "Expédition, Archives nationales fonds Murat, 31 AP 24, dossier 460, p. 15; minute AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 184 has 5, 000." } }, { "id": "lannes-incoming-1806-10-26-napoleon", "date": "1806-10-26", "time": "11:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "potsdam", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Hurry towards Zehdenik", "summary": "Napoleon describes enemy troops stretching between Tangermünde and Stettin and moving behind Ruppin. He presses Lannes to reach Zehdenik as quickly as possible and says he wrote about it an hour earlier. The note captures urgent pursuit orders rather than a verified itinerary.", "excerptFrench": "Vous ne sauriez arriver trop tôt à Zehdenik.", "translationEnglish": "You cannot reach Zehdenik too soon.", "sourceId": "napoleon-oct1806", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-octobre-1806/6/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Potsdam, 26 octobre 1806, 11 heures du matin — Au maréchal Lannes.", "No recipient town is supplied. Potsdam is Napoleon’s dateline; Zehdenik is the ordered destination, not a recorded position of Lannes.", "Zehdenik is retained as spelled in this transcription. No destination marker or journey duration is derived from the order.", "The reference to an earlier letter does not identify a surviving document in this selection or prove that Lannes received it." ], "themeId": "movement", "modernEdition": { "archiveId": "CG6-13352", "url": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13352.md", "dateline": "Potsdam, 26 octobre 1806, 11 heures du matin", "checkedAt": "2026-10-27", "notes": [ "The older transcription spells the destination Zehdenik; the modern edition uses Zehdenick.", "The modern notes report autograph words according to an auction catalogue and dispatch by Lannes’s aide-de-camp. No autograph was inspected for this atlas.", "CG6-13351 is a surviving instruction from 10:00 that morning. It provides context for this 11:00 letter, but does not by itself establish the exact acknowledged message or its receipt." ], "witnessReference": "Old edition no. 11084; minute Archives nationales AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 193; Drouot, 7 February 2006, no. 31." } }, { "id": "lannes-1806-10-26-napoleon", "date": "1806-10-26", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "oranienburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Hunger sets the marching order", "summary": "Murat needs infantry close to the cavalry near Zehdenick, but Lannes says the exhausted troops have found almost nothing to eat. He sends an advance column after a rest and spreads the divisions’ departures around what food can be obtained, while collecting boats loaded with flour and oats.", "excerptFrench": "Je suis forcé de faire marcher ainsi la troupe à cause des subsistances. Nous sommes dans un pays bien misérable et nous marchons après 6,000 à 7,000 hommes de cavalerie.", "translationEnglish": "I am forced to march the troops in this way because of supplies. We are in a very poor district and are following six to seven thousand cavalrymen.", "sourceId": "foucart1890-prusse-v2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n404/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n404/mode/1up", "page": "Letter p. 369; passage p. 369", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline, recipient heading and selected French passage visually checked against the 1890 printed scan. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The night departure and next-day movements are instructions or forecasts in the letter, not a reconstructed route.", "The smaller-type corps-position paragraph following the letter is Foucart’s narrative and is not treated as Lannes’s own words.", "Published writing dateline; town marker only, not a precise headquarters. It does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Oranienburg, 26 octobre 1806." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "incoming-1806-10-27-berthier-davout", "date": "1806-10-27", "time": "05:30", "direction": "received", "senderId": "berthier", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "charlottenburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Clear the wagons for 60,000 bread rations", "summary": "At half past five in the morning, Berthier directs Davout’s commissary to arrange 60,000 rations of biscuit bread for the morning after next. They are to travel in the corps’ provision wagons, which must be inspected and cleared of other items. A subsequent order on 29 October explicitly withdraws the instruction to take this bread.", "excerptFrench": "L’intention de l’Empereur est que votre ordonnateur voie M. l’Intendant général de l’armée, afin que vous ayez après-demain matin 60,000 rations de pain biscuité que vous porterez sur vos caissons;", "translationEnglish": "The Emperor’s intention is that your commissary should see the army’s Intendant-General, so that the morning after next you have 60,000 rations of biscuit bread to carry on your provision wagons;", "sourceId": "foucart1890-prusse-v2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n441/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n441/mode/1up", "page": "406", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "The recipient heading, dateline, full printed document and selected French passage were visually checked on printed pp. 406. Foucart attributes the document through the heading “Le Major Général au maréchal Davout”; no signature is reproduced beneath this document. This verifies the nineteenth-/early-twentieth-century printed edition, not an autograph manuscript. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The dateline is Charlottenburg, 27 octobre 1806, 5 heures et demie du matin. The requested delivery morning is therefore 29 October; delivery is not proved by this request.", "The excerpt ends at the printed semicolon. The remainder orders a review to remove things the corps have placed in wagons intended for provisions.", "The direct counter-order is the Berthier-to-Davout letter dated Berlin, 29 October 1806, reproduced in Foucart’s Campagne de Pologne, tome I, pp. 1–2; that edition’s footnote expressly links it to the 27 October instruction.", "Foucart prints the Major General’s recipient heading and the dateline, but no signature. The letter communicates the Emperor’s intention through Berthier.", "Charlottenburg is retained as its own historical dateline locality, rather than silently replaced by central Berlin. Neither an exact writing room nor Davout’s location is established." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "lannes-incoming-1806-10-28-napoleon", "date": "1806-10-28", "time": "12:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "berlin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Keep the stragglers with the pursuit", "summary": "Napoleon praises Lannes’s pace and tells him to press Hohenlohe. During forced marches, stragglers are to be gathered each day into a 400-man rear guard under a capable staff officer, who will bring them back to the corps. Napoleon presents this as a way to limit disorder and exhaustion.", "excerptFrench": "Par ce moyen, on empêchera qu’il ne se commette des désordres, et que les soldats ne fatiguent trop.", "translationEnglish": "By this means, disorder will be prevented and the soldiers will be kept from exhausting themselves too much.", "sourceId": "napoleon-oct1806", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-octobre-1806/7/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Berlin, 28 octobre 1806, midi — Au maréchal Lannes.", "No recipient town is supplied. Berlin is the sender’s writing location, not Lannes’s presence.", "The 400-man rear guard is an instruction, not a verified formation or a count of stragglers. Napoleon’s statements about the enemy and Soult remain attributed reports.", "Napoleon acknowledges a letter from Lannes but gives no date for it here; this record is not automatically paired with a neighbouring outgoing document." ], "themeId": "movement", "modernEdition": { "archiveId": "CG6-13367", "url": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13367.md", "dateline": "Berlin, 28 octobre 1806, midi", "checkedAt": "2026-10-27", "notes": [ "The modern note adds witness references and records dispatch by M. de Turenne; it does not establish a delivery time." ], "witnessReference": "Old edition no. 11100; minute Archives nationales AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 203; Drouot, 7 February 2006, no. 32." } }, { "id": "incoming-1806-10-29-berthier-davout", "date": "1806-10-29", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "berthier", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "berlin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "March towards Frankfurt—and cancel the bread provision", "summary": "Berthier directs Davout to leave at daybreak the following day for Frankfurt an der Oder. A replacement regiment will take over his Berlin duties. Beyond the Oder, patrols are to move towards Poland and Königsberg, with links to neighbouring cavalry. The final instruction explicitly reverses the earlier order to carry biscuit bread; Foucart’s footnote identifies that earlier instruction as the one of 27 October.", "excerptFrench": "L’intention de l’Empereur n’est pas que vous emportiez du pain biscuité comme vous en avez reçu primitivement l’ordre.", "translationEnglish": "The Emperor does not intend you to take biscuit bread, as you were originally ordered to do.", "sourceId": "foucart1882-pologne-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepolog00foucgoog/page/1/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepolog00foucgoog/page/1/mode/1up", "page": "1–2", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "The recipient heading, dateline, full printed document and selected French passage were visually checked on printed pp. 1–2. Foucart attributes the document through the heading “Le Major Général au maréchal Davout”; no signature is reproduced beneath this document. This verifies the nineteenth-/early-twentieth-century printed edition, not an autograph manuscript. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The dateline is Berlin, 29 octobre 1806. “Demain à la pointe du jour” is the ordered departure on 30 October, not a writing time.", "This is a distinct letter from Napoleon’s own direct letter to Davout, also dated Berlin on 29 October, which follows on p. 2. Only the document under “Le Major Général au maréchal Davout” is selected.", "The source’s footnote states that the major general’s dispatch of 27 October had instructed Davout to take 60,000 bread rations in his wagons. That editorial cross-reference supports the pairing; no claim is made that the rations were actually issued or removed.", "Berlin is the sender’s dateline. Frankfurt an der Oder is an intended destination and Poland/Königsberg are patrol directions; these do not establish arrival or recipient presence.", "The printed heading identifies the Major General as sender; no signature is reproduced beneath this document. Napoleon’s intentions remain the substance of Berthier’s instruction, not a reason to change the sender." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "lannes-1806-10-29-napoleon", "date": "1806-10-29", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "prenzlau", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Prenzlow: claiming the infantry’s share", "summary": "After Hohenlohe’s surrender, Lannes insists that the infantry’s forced marches and arrival at Prenzlow helped bring it about. He reports prisoners and captured guns, describes the escort arrangements, and asks that detached men be returned to his corps.", "excerptFrench": "J’ose dire que la prise de cette colonne est due en grande partie aux marches forcées de l’infanterie et à sa présence à Prenzlow.", "translationEnglish": "I venture to say that the capture of this column owes a great deal to the infantry’s forced marches and its presence at Prenzlow.", "sourceId": "foucart1890-prusse-v2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n534/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n533/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 496–497; passage p. 497", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline, recipient heading and selected French passage visually checked against the 1890 printed scan. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The allocation of credit is Lannes’s argument to Napoleon; this selection does not adjudicate between the claims of infantry and cavalry.", "Prenzlow is the edition’s spelling of Prenzlau. A different Lannes letter dated 29 October at Löcknitz begins on p. 498; it is not combined with this letter.", "Published writing dateline; town marker only, not a precise headquarters. It does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Prenzlow, 29 octobre 1806." ], "themeId": "battle" }, { "id": "davout-205", "date": "1806-10-31", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "frankfurt-oder", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "On the Oder, preparing to move on Küstrin", "summary": "Davout reports sending Gudin towards Küstrin while the rest of the corps has reached Frankfurt and taken position on the Oder’s right bank. He plans to march on Küstrin before daylight and reports efforts to interrupt communications across the river system.", "excerptFrench": "Le reste du 3e corps s’est porté sur Francfort et a pris position sur la rive droite de l’Oder.", "translationEnglish": "The rest of the 3rd Corps moved to Frankfurt and took up position on the right bank of the Oder.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n372/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n372/mode/1up", "page": "Letter starts p. 306; passage p. 306", "letterNumber": "205", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The references to the Oder identify Francfort as Frankfurt an der Oder, not Frankfurt am Main. The projected next-day march is a plan, not a confirmed position.", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise headquarters. Does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Francfort, 31 octobre 1806." ], "themeId": "movement" }, { "id": "lannes-1806-10-31-napoleon", "date": "1806-10-31", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "pasewalk", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "An omission he will not read to the troops", "summary": "Lannes protests that the official order of the day has overlooked his corps’ part in Hohenlohe’s capture. He says he cannot read it to the men without damaging their spirits. The same letter continues with pursuit arrangements and the burdens of handling prisoners.", "excerptFrench": "Je ne peux, Sire, communiquer cet ordre du jour aux soldats que je commande. Ils eussent été trop affectés d’un oubli semblable, et cela n’aurait pu produire qu’un très-mauvais effet.", "translationEnglish": "I cannot, Sire, communicate this order of the day to the soldiers I command. They would have been too deeply affected by such an omission, and it could only have had a very bad effect.", "sourceId": "foucart1890-prusse-v2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n605/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n605/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 568–569; passage p. 568", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline, recipient heading and selected French passage visually checked against the 1890 printed scan. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "This is Lannes’s description of the likely effect on morale, not testimony collected from the soldiers.", "The letter refers to correspondence with Murat, but that reference alone is not used to construct an exact reply pair.", "Published writing dateline; town marker only, not a precise headquarters. It does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Pasewalk, 31 octobre 1806." ], "themeId": "morale" }, { "id": "lannes-incoming-1806-11-01-napoleon", "date": "1806-11-01", "time": "08:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "berlin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Praise, impatience and a missing page", "summary": "Napoleon tells Lannes that he recognises his corps’ forced marches and skilful direction, while teasing him as one of his ‘big children’ and promising tangible recognition later. He still wants the Duke of Weimar captured. He also reports that only one page of Murat’s intelligence letter has reached him.", "excerptFrench": "Vous êtes de grands enfants.", "translationEnglish": "You are big children.", "sourceId": "napoleon-nov1806", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-novembre-1806/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Berlin, 1er novembre 1806, 8 heures du matin — Au maréchal Lannes.", "No recipient town is supplied. Berlin is Napoleon’s writing location.", "Praise, promised rewards and the expected capture are Napoleon’s statements, not verified outcomes.", "The neighbouring letter to Murat on the same page also complains of a missing sheet. That corroborates Napoleon making the complaint; it does not reconstruct the transmission of Lannes’s own correspondence." ], "themeId": "morale" }, { "id": "incoming-1806-11-02-napoleon-recon", "date": "1806-11-02", "time": "05:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "berlin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "What are the marshes like?", "summary": "Napoleon wants engineers to reconnoitre the Oder and Warta: marshes, causeways and communications. Davout should rest around Frankfurt, find shoes and greatcoats, send patrols east and prepare 120,000 rations of biscuit bread for the next advance.", "excerptFrench": "De quelle nature sont ces marais? Y a-t-il des chaussées ? Comment communique-t-on de Sonnenburg à Küstrin ?", "translationEnglish": "What are these marshes like? Are there causeways? How does one travel from Sonnenburg to Küstrin?", "sourceId": "napoleon-nov1806", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-novembre-1806/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and text checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "First of two distinct letters to Davout dated 2 November. Retaining a corps around Frankfurt is an order, not a dated Davout dateline.", "Source heading: Berlin, 2 novembre 1806, 5 heures du matin — Au maréchal Davout" ], "themeId": "maps" }, { "id": "incoming-1806-11-02-napoleon-kustrin", "date": "1806-11-02", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "berlin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Turn Küstrin into a secure base", "summary": "Napoleon congratulates Davout on the capture of Küstrin, asks for an inventory of its stores and wants the small bridgehead fort restored. He also asks about ovens and bread production: the fortress is to support further operations.", "excerptFrench": "Faites-moi connaître ce qu’il y a de fours et ce qu’on peut faire de pain. Voilà un bon appui pour l’armée.", "translationEnglish": "Let me know what ovens there are and how much bread can be made. This is a good base for the army.", "sourceId": "napoleon-nov1806", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-novembre-1806/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and text checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Second distinct letter on 2 November, with no stated time. The congratulation does not establish Davout personally entered Küstrin on this date.", "Source heading: Berlin, 2 novembre 1806 — Au maréchal Davout; opening 'je vous félicite de la prise de Küstrin'" ], "themeId": "fortifications" }, { "id": "lannes-1806-11-02-napoleon-morale", "date": "1806-11-02", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "stettin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "One word of praise makes the difference", "summary": "Lannes thanks Napoleon for his reply and says the praise has delighted the corps. He then proposes moving Suchet’s division towards Stargard to ease the pressure on Stettin’s provisions and reports his assessment of the town’s defences.", "excerptFrench": "J’ai fait part à mon corps d’armée de ce que V. M. a bien voulu me dire pour lui. Il serait impossible de peindre à V. M. le contentement qu’il a ressenti. Une seule parole d’Elle suffit pour rendre tous les soldats heureux.", "translationEnglish": "I have told my army corps what Your Majesty was kind enough to say to me about it. It would be impossible to describe to Your Majesty the pleasure it felt. A single word from you is enough to make all the soldiers happy.", "sourceId": "foucart1890-prusse-v2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n684/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n683/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 646–647; passage p. 647", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline, recipient heading and selected French passage visually checked against the 1890 printed scan. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Two distinct letters from Lannes dated Stettin, 2 November are printed on the surrounding pages. This record is the one beginning near the bottom of p. 646 with thanks for Napoleon’s reply; it does not include the preceding letter’s inventory.", "Napoleon’s 3 November acknowledgement of a letter dated 2 November does not by itself identify this particular document. This letter has no request for greatcoats, so no exact reply pair is asserted.", "The soldiers’ happiness is Lannes’s report. The proposed movement of Suchet’s division is not mapped as Lannes’s own location.", "Published writing dateline; town marker only, not a precise headquarters. It does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Stettin, 2 novembre 1806." ], "themeId": "morale" }, { "id": "incoming-1806-11-03-napoleon", "date": "1806-11-03", "time": "05:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "berlin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Do not eat the fortress’s siege supplies", "summary": "Napoleon tells Davout to conserve Küstrin's siege provisions and draw ordinary supplies from Frankfurt and Landsberg. Detachments belonging to his corps are to assemble at Küstrin; cavalry reinforcements and Jérôme's corps will support the advance.", "excerptFrench": "Mon Cousin, ne consommez pas les vivres de siège de Küstrin; ces approvisionnements sont très-difficiles à faire", "translationEnglish": "My Cousin, do not consume Küstrin’s siege provisions; these supplies are very difficult to assemble", "sourceId": "napoleon-nov1806", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-novembre-1806/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and text checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The recipient address explicitly names Frankfurt an der Oder. Addressed destination is not direct proof of Davout's physical position or receipt on that date.", "Source heading: Berlin, 3 novembre 1806, 5 heures du matin — Au maréchal Davout, à Francfort-sur-Oder", "Addressed destination: Francfort-sur-Oder (Frankfurt an der Oder). An address does not prove physical presence or receipt." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "lannes-incoming-1806-11-03-napoleon", "date": "1806-11-03", "time": "18:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "berlin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Greatcoats, rest and a reserve of bread", "summary": "Napoleon authorises greatcoats, rest through 6 November, repairs to artillery and supply wagons, and 150,000 rations of twice-baked bread. Stettin is to become a base. He also orders Lannes’s cavalry to link with Davout’s and requires disarmament of inhabitants and measures to stop Prussian recruits joining their army.", "excerptFrench": "Faites faire 150,000 rations de pain biscuité", "translationEnglish": "Have 150,000 rations of twice-baked bread prepared", "sourceId": "napoleon-nov1806", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-novembre-1806/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Berlin, 3 novembre 1806, 6 heures du soir — Au maréchal Lannes, à Stettin.", "Stettin is the intended address, not evidence of receipt or Lannes’s presence. Berlin is Napoleon’s dateline.", "This letter acknowledges a Lannes letter dated 2 November. The selection contains a letter from that day thanking Napoleon for praise, but multiple Stettin letters bear that date and the exact reply has not been established.", "The letter contains both provisioning and coercive occupation instructions, including a threatened punishment of the first village allowing recruits to leave. The summary does not treat the supplies as delivered or the orders as completed.", "The instruction to link the two marshals’ cavalry is explicit; it is not proof that contact occurred. The excerpt is the opening clause of a longer sentence." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "incoming-1806-11-05-napoleon", "date": "1806-11-05", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "berlin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Advance, but no farther than Meseritz", "summary": "Napoleon permits an advance towards Driesen and Meseritz while awaiting cavalry and news that other corps are free to support it. He explicitly forbids Davout's infantry to go beyond Meseritz for now, despite contemplating a later move to Posen.", "excerptFrench": "mon intention n’est pas que votre infanterie, sous quelque prétexte que ce soit, dépasse Meseritz.", "translationEnglish": "It is not my intention that your infantry should go beyond Meseritz, under any pretext whatsoever.", "sourceId": "napoleon-nov1806", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-novembre-1806/2/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and text checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Complete letter inspected, including the restrictive instruction later in its text. Its opening permission must not be summarized as an unconditional advance to Posen.", "Source heading: Berlin, 5 novembre 1806 — Au maréchal Davout" ], "themeId": "movement" }, { "id": "lannes-1806-11-06-napoleon", "date": "1806-11-06", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "stettin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Greatcoats rejected, shoes scarcely supplied", "summary": "Lannes reports that half the cloth provided for greatcoats is too poor to use and that there are hardly any shoes. He asks Napoleon to have garments made and sent from Berlin, stressing the condition of the 21st Light Infantry. The extract also describes inhabitants resisting a financial levy.", "excerptFrench": "On m’a donné du drap pour 3 ou 4,000 capotes, mais il est si mauvais qu’on a été obligé d’en rendre la moitié. Pour les souliers il y en aura si peu que ce n’est pas la peine d’en parler.", "translationEnglish": "I was given cloth for three or four thousand greatcoats, but it is so poor that half of it had to be returned. As for shoes, there will be so few that they are scarcely worth mentioning.", "sourceId": "foucart1890-prusse-v2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n784/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss00foucgoog/page/n784/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 747–748; passage p. 747", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline, recipient heading and selected French passage visually checked against the 1890 printed scan. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Foucart prints an extract, with opening and internal ellipses. It is not represented here as a complete letter.", "The passage about inhabitants and the levy is part of this military occupation’s supply context; their position is available here only through Lannes’s report.", "Published writing dateline; town marker only, not a precise headquarters. It does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Stettin, 6 novembre 1806." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "incoming-1806-11-07-napoleon-posen", "date": "1806-11-07", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "berlin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Towards Posen, without a major engagement", "summary": "Napoleon tells Davout to expect orders for Posen and to bring muskets for the Poles. He forbids a serious engagement, calls for reconnaissance and frequent reports, warns against overconfidence, and insists on discipline, measured marching, defensible positions and ovens to feed the gathering army.", "excerptFrench": "Ne fatiguez point vos troupes, et arrivez à Posen sans faire des marches forcées.", "translationEnglish": "Do not tire your troops, and reach Posen without making forced marches.", "sourceId": "napoleon-nov1806", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-novembre-1806/3/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and text checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "This is the first of two separate 7 November letters on the page. The second has an explicit Frankfurt recipient address and discusses Russian columns; do not attach that address to this letter. Arrival at Posen on 9 or 10 November is Napoleon's expectation, not an observed event.", "Source heading: Berlin, 7 novembre 1806 — Au maréchal Davout; opening 'j’ai lu votre lettre du 5 au prince de Neufchâtel'" ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "lannes-incoming-1806-11-07-napoleon", "date": "1806-11-07", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "berlin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Advance, but warn Davout and avoid a major fight", "summary": "Napoleon directs reconnaissance towards Schneidemühl, eight days of bread split between soldiers and wagons, and preparation of Stettin’s defences. He says he wants no serious engagement. If Lannes learns that Russian troops have entered Graudenz, he is to inform Davout and adjust his movements accordingly.", "excerptFrench": "si vous appreniez que les Russes sont entrés à Graudenz, vous en donneriez avis au maréchal Davout", "translationEnglish": "if you learned that the Russians had entered Graudenz, you would inform Marshal Davout", "sourceId": "napoleon-nov1806", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-novembre-1806/3/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Berlin, 7 novembre 1806 — Au maréchal Lannes.", "No recipient town is supplied. Berlin is Napoleon’s dateline; the named reconnaissance goals and expected locations are not Lannes presence points.", "The quoted instruction is conditional. It does not establish that Russians entered Graudenz, that Lannes sent such a warning, or that Davout received one.", "The same date’s existing Napoleon-to-Davout letter also forbids a serious engagement while directing him towards Posen. These are complementary instructions from the same commander, not evidence of a completed exchange between marshals.", "The excerpt is a clause from a longer sentence. The full letter’s garrison allocations and eight days of bread are orders, not verified stocks or deployments." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "davout-216", "date": "1806-11-09", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "poznan", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "In Posen, a political reading of the welcome", "summary": "On entering Posen, Davout tells Napoleon that he sees a wish to throw off Prussian rule across all classes of society. His letter also discusses the troops still arriving, difficult sandy roads and the collection of information. The claim about public feeling is his impression.", "excerptFrench": "c’est de toutes les classes de la société que part le vœu de secouer le joug des Prussiens.", "translationEnglish": "the wish to throw off the Prussian yoke comes from every class of society.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n390/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n390/mode/1up", "page": "Letter starts p. 324; passage p. 324", "letterNumber": "216", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The quotation is a clause from the opening sentence. Posen is modern Poznań. This is Davout’s political interpretation, not a survey of the inhabitants.", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise headquarters. Does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Posen, 9 novembre 1806." ], "themeId": "politics" }, { "id": "lannes-1806-11-14-napoleon", "date": "1806-11-14", "time": "12:00", "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "naklo", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Short of food, and unsure where his neighbours are", "summary": "Lannes says lack of supplies has forced his entire corps forward to Nackel. He does not know whether Davout and Augereau have also advanced, and worries that he may be ahead of them. He asks for further orders while arranging reconnaissance towards Bromberg and Thorn and gathering boats and supplies.", "excerptFrench": "Le manque de subsistances m’a forcé à me porter avec tout mon corps d’armée à Nackel.", "translationEnglish": "The lack of supplies has forced me to move with my entire army corps to Nackel.", "sourceId": "foucart1882-pologne-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepolog00foucgoog/page/95/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepolog00foucgoog/page/95/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 95–96; passage p. 95", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline, recipient heading and selected French passage visually checked against the 1882 printed scan. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The mention of Davout and Augereau records uncertainty about their positions; it does not establish where either marshal was.", "Nackel is retained as the printed spelling. The separate gazetteer identifies it as Nakło nad Notecią (German Nakel/Nackel); the town marker is approximate.", "The noon time is explicit in the printed dateline.", "Published writing dateline; town marker only, not a precise headquarters. It does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Nackel, 14 novembre 1806, midi." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "lannes-incoming-1806-11-14-napoleon", "date": "1806-11-14", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "berlin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Food shortages dictate the move to Thorn", "summary": "Napoleon explains that shortage of provisions prompted the order to move to Thorn. He says Davout and Augereau have been ordered to support Lannes if needed. He asks for better intelligence and local opinion, and acknowledges that Lannes’s soldiers may feel their achievements have received too little public recognition.", "excerptFrench": "La pénurie de vivres nécessitait ce mouvement.", "translationEnglish": "The shortage of provisions made this movement necessary.", "sourceId": "napoleon-nov1806", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-novembre-1806/5/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Berlin, 14 novembre 1806 — Au maréchal Lannes.", "No recipient town is supplied. Thorn is an ordered destination, not a dateline or proof of Lannes’s arrival. Berlin is Napoleon’s writing location.", "Napoleon’s assertion that the movement order should have arrived does not prove receipt. His promise of support does not establish that Davout or Augereau supplied it.", "Reports that Russian forces are distant and few are presented by Napoleon as news requiring better intelligence from Lannes, not as established enemy positions.", "Napoleon refers to a previous letter from Lannes without dating it here. No reply pairing has been inferred." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "davout-225", "date": "1806-11-15", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "jerome", "placeId": "poznan", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Keeping Jérôme informed of the next move", "summary": "Davout tells Prince Jérôme that he intends to leave Posen the following day with the corps and attached cavalry, aiming for Kowal within reach of Thorn and Warsaw. He relays uncertain Russian intelligence and discusses supporting Lannes. The letter is a plan and coordination message.", "excerptFrench": "Du 18 au 19, je serai à Koval, à portée de Thorn et de Varsovie, où j’envoie mes troupes légères.", "translationEnglish": "Between the 18th and 19th I shall be at Kowal, within reach of Thorn and Warsaw, where I am sending my light troops.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n405/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n405/mode/1up", "page": "Letter starts p. 339; passage p. 339", "letterNumber": "225", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Koval is the edition’s spelling of Kowal; Thorn is Toruń. The quoted future position must not be plotted as an observed dateline. Jérôme is addressed as commander of the allied corps.", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise headquarters. Does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Posen, 15 novembre 1806." ], "themeId": "movement" }, { "id": "lannes-1806-11-16-berthier", "date": "1806-11-16", "time": "02:00", "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "bydgoszcz", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Ovens for his corps, bread for Augereau", "summary": "Receiving the order to march on Thorn at two in the morning, Lannes sets out his planned concentration and a boat crossing if the bridge remains cut. At Bromberg he reports grain stores, new ovens and bread being sent to Augereau, whose route he says offers no food. He now expresses confidence about supplies.", "excerptFrench": "J’ai fait construire des fours à Bromberg pour faire confectionner au moins 50,000 rations par jour; j’en envoie 30,000 au maréchal Augereau qui ne trouvera pas un morceau de pain de Schneidemühl à Nackel.", "translationEnglish": "I have had ovens built at Bromberg to prepare at least 50,000 rations a day; I am sending 30,000 to Marshal Augereau, who will not find a scrap of bread from Schneidemühl to Nackel.", "sourceId": "foucart1882-pologne-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepolog00foucgoog/page/110/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepolog00foucgoog/page/109/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 109–111; passage p. 110", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline, recipient heading and selected French passage visually checked against the 1882 printed scan. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The dateline omits the year; 1806 is established by the printed volume’s dated sequence. The opening sentence says it is two in the morning; the time field comes from that sentence, not the dateline.", "The heading addresses the major general, identified as Berthier.", "The oven capacity, stocks and dispatch of bread are Lannes’s reports. This letter alone does not prove that Augereau received the stated rations.", "Bromberg is the historical name of Bydgoszcz; the dateline locates the writing, not every division described in the letter.", "Published writing dateline; town marker only, not a precise headquarters. It does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Bromberg, 16 novembre." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "lannes-1806-11-17-napoleon", "date": "1806-11-17", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "bydgoszcz", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "An armistice must come through his own command", "summary": "Lannes reports that the bridge at Thorn has been cut and that the Prussian general Kalkreuth claims an armistice. He insists that such news must reach him through Napoleon. His letter also records rising sickness, hostility from inhabitants and a lack of reliable news about the Russians; he proposes using shells against Thorn if its commander blocks the crossing.", "excerptFrench": "J’ai répondu au général Kalkreuth que j’étais habitué à recevoir les nouvelles des armistices par la voie de mon Empereur, et je lui ai envoyé l’ordre du jour concernant les troupes qui les ont laissés passer sur les bruits d’une suspension d’armes.", "translationEnglish": "I replied to General Kalkreuth that I was accustomed to receiving news of armistices through my Emperor, and I sent him the order of the day concerning the troops who had allowed them through on rumours of a suspension of hostilities.", "sourceId": "foucart1882-pologne-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepolog00foucgoog/page/116/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepolog00foucgoog/page/115/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 115–117; passage p. 116", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline, recipient heading and selected French passage visually checked against the 1882 printed scan. Autograph manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The reported armistice and account of local hostility are Lannes’s statements. The editor’s footnote characterising Kalkreuth’s earlier conduct is not treated as part of the letter or independent verification of deception.", "The translation preserves the French sentence’s indirect reference to troops previously allowed through; it does not identify a particular incident beyond the text.", "Foucart’s printed text contains internal ellipses. The summary acknowledges Lannes’s threat to shell the town, rather than presenting the crossing as an exclusively technical problem.", "The opening acknowledges a Napoleon letter dated 14 November. No exact reply link is assigned without identifying that document.", "Published writing dateline; town marker only, not a precise headquarters. It does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Bromberg, 17 novembre 1806." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "davout-228", "date": "1806-11-18", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "sompolno", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Russian intentions are still uncertain", "summary": "From Sompolno, Davout forwards intelligence obtained by a Polish informant sent by Dąbrowski. He reports Russian and Cossack movements around Warsaw, while expressly saying that the Russian decision remains uncertain. He also describes patrols, garrisons and dispositions of his own forces.", "excerptFrench": "A Varsovie, le 15, on croyait que les Russes devaient rétrograder; ainsi il n’y a encore rien de certain sur le parti qu’ils ont pris, depuis qu’ils ont eu connaissance des désastres des Prussiens.", "translationEnglish": "In Warsaw, on the 15th, it was thought that the Russians would fall back; so there is still nothing certain about the course they have chosen since learning of the Prussian disasters.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n410/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n410/mode/1up", "page": "Letter starts p. 344; passage p. 344", "letterNumber": "228", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Information attributed to informants remains reported intelligence. The dateline is 18 November; reported events in Warsaw are separately dated 15 and 16 November. The initial unaccented A follows the edition.", "Published writing dateline; town or area, not a precise headquarters. Does not establish the position of every unit or the recipient.", "Printed dateline: Sompolno, 18 novembre 1806." ], "themeId": "intelligence" }, { "id": "murat-1806-11-24-davout", "date": "1806-11-24", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "murat", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "kutno", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Murat directs Davout’s next march", "summary": "From Kutno, Murat coordinates cavalry reconnaissance with Davout’s corps. He asks Davout to advance towards Pniewice the following day, while allowing a division that is too far behind to remain at Kutno.", "excerptFrench": "Je désire que vous vous portiez demain avec le reste de votre corps d’armée à Pniewice, occupant par votre gauche Dobrschin et Zychlin. Si une de vos divisions se trouve ce soir trop en arrière, je ne vois aucun inconvénient à la laisser à Kutno.", "translationEnglish": "I wish you to move tomorrow with the rest of your army corps to Pniewice, occupying Dobrschin and Zychlin on your left. If one of your divisions is too far behind this evening, I see no objection to leaving it at Kutno.", "sourceId": "foucart1882-pologne-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepolog00foucgoog/page/157/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepolog00foucgoog/page/157/mode/1up", "page": "Printed extract pp. 157–158; selected passage p. 157", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Heading “Le grand-duc de Berg au maréchal Davout, à Kutno”, separate Kutno dateline of 24 November 1806 and selected paragraph visually checked on p. 157 (Archive leaf 188). Continuation and transition to Lannes’s letter checked on p. 158 (leaf 189). No hour or signature is reproduced.", "notes": [ "Murat is identified in Foucart’s heading by his title Grand Duke of Berg. The recipient heading explicitly names Davout.", "Foucart prints an editorial parenthesis and leading omission dots before the reproduced text; this is an extract, not a claim to a complete letter. The selected paragraph is continuous and excludes that editorial parenthesis.", "The p. 158 scan is degraded at the right edge. Its ending and the following-document boundary are visible, but this edition’s every final word has not been independently deciphered. The quoted passage on p. 157 is legible.", "Kutno is the sender’s dateline. Although the address also says “à Kutno”, davoutPlaceId remains null: an address is not proof that Davout was present or received the letter there.", "Historical spellings Pniewice, Dobrschin and Zychlin are retained. No new pins are inferred for these ordered destinations. No autograph manuscript examined; English translation newly prepared." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "murat-1806-11-27-napoleon", "date": "1806-11-27", "time": "18:30", "direction": "sent", "senderId": "murat", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "blonie", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Warsaw reported evacuated; the infantry follows", "summary": "Murat reports that Warsaw has been evacuated and its Vistula bridge burned. His plan is for the cavalry to enter first, followed by Davout’s infantry; the remainder of the letter discusses intelligence and Lannes’s expected movement.", "excerptFrench": "Ainsi que j’ai eu l’honneur de l’annoncer ce matin à Votre Majesté, Varsovie a été évacué cette nuit et le pont sur la Vistule a été brûlé ; […] Demain la cavalerie prendra possession de la ville jusqu’à l’arrivée de l’infanterie du corps de M. le maréchal Davout. En attendant, je ferai préparer les cantonnements de la cavalerie. Je ferai porter demain le corps de M. le maréchal Davout à Blonie, et après-demain sur Varsovie.", "translationEnglish": "As I had the honour to report to Your Majesty this morning, Warsaw was evacuated last night and the bridge over the Vistula was burned; […] Tomorrow the cavalry will take possession of the city until the infantry of Marshal Davout’s corps arrives. In the meantime I shall have the cavalry’s quarters prepared. Tomorrow I shall move Marshal Davout’s corps to Blonie, and the day after towards Warsaw.", "sourceId": "foucart1882-pologne-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepolog00foucgoog/page/175/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepolog00foucgoog/page/175/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 175–176; selected passages pp. 175 and 176", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Heading “Le grand-duc de Berg à l’Empereur”, Blonie dateline of 27 November 1806 at 6.30 p.m., and selected passages visually checked on pp. 175–176 (Archive leaves 206–207). The letter’s final paragraph and the subsequent editorial narrative are visibly distinct; no signature is reproduced.", "notes": [ "The bracketed ellipsis marks our omission of the intervening intelligence estimates and interpretation. All reports of enemy movements remain attributed to Murat; future French movements are his plans, not confirmed arrivals.", "The p. 176 scan has damaged/obscured areas in the unquoted final paragraph. The quoted continuation at the top of that page is legible. The check does not claim a complete transcription of that damaged paragraph.", "Blonie is identified contextually as Błonie west of Warsaw. The map shows this sender dateline only. Davout’s planned movement to Blonie is not evidence that he was there on the date of writing.", "No autograph manuscript examined. English translation newly prepared; the printed grammatical form “Varsovie a été évacué” is retained." ], "themeId": "intelligence" }, { "id": "davout-237", "date": "1806-11-27", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "zychlin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "A captured fortress and the monastery’s treasure", "summary": "From Zichlin, Davout forwards the capitulation of Częstochowa and reports prisoners, arms and the new garrison. He describes the monastery’s religious treasure and says he has left it under its existing guardians, pending Napoleon’s orders, with an inventory to be prepared.", "excerptFrench": "D’après leurs réclamations, j’ai ordonné qu’il restât sous la surveillance et la responsabilité de ses anciens gardiens jusqu’à ce que Votre Altesse m’ait fait connaître les ordres de Sa Majesté.", "translationEnglish": "Following their representations, I ordered it to remain under the supervision and responsibility of its former guardians until Your Highness had informed me of His Majesty’s orders.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n423/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n422/mode/1up", "page": "Letter starts p. 356; passage p. 357", "letterNumber": "237", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "“It” in the excerpt refers to the monastery’s treasure, described immediately before it. The printed writing location is Zichlin. Its modern identification is unresolved between multiple Żychlins; no coordinates are assigned. Częstochowa is the subject of a report, not Davout’s writing location.", "Printed dateline Zichlin; modern identification unresolved. Retain in timeline and correspondence view, omit map marker.", "Printed dateline: Zichlin, 27 novembre 1806.", "Modern location unresolved: multiple towns are called Żychlin. This letter remains in the sequence but has no map marker." ], "themeId": "politics" }, { "id": "davout-238", "date": "1806-11-30", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "warsaw", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Reporting arrival in Warsaw", "summary": "Davout reports that his corps has arrived in Warsaw. His divisions are dispersed between the city, neighbouring villages and Blonie. He forwards intercepted letters, German translations and reports about Russian movements, saying that he has also shared them with Murat.", "excerptFrench": "Monseigneur, j’ai l’honneur d’annoncer à Votre Altesse que le corps d’armée est arrivé aujourd’hui à Varsovie.", "translationEnglish": "My lord, I have the honour to inform Your Highness that the army corps arrived in Warsaw today.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n424/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n424/mode/1up", "page": "Letter and passage p. 358", "letterNumber": "238", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed dateline: Varsovie, 30 novembre 1806. The map point represents the writing town, not the position of every division.", "There is a date discrepancy within the edition: the letter dated 30 November says “today”; the 36th army bulletin quoted by the editor on p. 359 says Davout’s corps entered on 29 November. This record preserves the letter’s dateline and wording without resolving the discrepancy.", "The Russian movements described in the full letter are transmitted intelligence, not independently verified positions." ], "themeId": "intelligence" }, { "id": "davout-240", "date": "1806-12-04", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "warsaw", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Boats across a flooded Vistula", "summary": "Davout reports that Russian troops evacuated Praga on 2 December. An exceptional rise of the Vistula prevents the immediate repair of the bridge. He orders boats to maintain the crossing, first for 200 infantrymen and 50 horses at a time, while preparations for a larger crossing and bridge repairs continue.", "excerptFrench": "Pour assurer, jusqu’au rétablissement du pont, la communication entre Varsovie et Praga, j’ai ordonné qu’il fût réuni sur-le-champ des bateaux en assez grande quantité pour transporter à la fois d’une rive à l’autre 200 hommes d’infanterie et 50 chevaux.", "translationEnglish": "To maintain communication between Warsaw and Praga until the bridge was restored, I ordered boats to be assembled immediately in sufficient numbers to carry 200 infantrymen and 50 horses from one bank to the other at a time.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n428/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n427/mode/1up", "page": "Letter starts p. 361; passage p. 362", "letterNumber": "240", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed dateline: Varsovie, 4 décembre 1806.", "The quoted carrying capacity is what Davout ordered, not a verified count of passengers actually transported. Praga is the reported crossing destination, not the letter’s writing location." ], "themeId": "bridge" }, { "id": "incoming-1806-12-05-napoleon-murat", "date": "1806-12-05", "time": "12:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "murat", "placeId": "poznan", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Bridges and bridgeheads before the cavalry can move on", "summary": "From Posen, Napoleon instructs Murat to organise bridges and fortified bridgeheads around the Vistula, Narew and Bug. He assigns supporting work and positions to Davout, Lannes and Augereau, and makes his own move to Warsaw conditional on crossing the Bug or Narew. These are demands and expectations, not evidence that the bridges were already ready.", "excerptFrench": "Le Bug passé, vous ferez jeter un pont et travailler à une belle tête de pont. Ainsi donc je veux avoir un pont à l’embouchure de la Narew dans la Vistule, où je veux construire une place forte avec deux têtes de pont;", "translationEnglish": "Once the Bug has been crossed, you will have a bridge thrown across and work begun on a substantial bridgehead. Thus I want a bridge at the mouth of the Narew where it joins the Vistula, where I want to build a fortified place with two bridgeheads;", "sourceId": "foucart1882-pologne-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepolog00foucgoog/page/231/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepolog00foucgoog/page/230/mode/1up", "page": "230–232; excerpt p. 231", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Recipient heading and noon dateline visually checked on p. 230; the selected continuous French passage is fully legible and checked on p. 231. The end of the printed letter is visible on p. 232. Right-edge clipping affects other text on pp. 230 and 232, so a complete transcription is not claimed. No signature is reproduced. No autograph manuscript examined. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed heading: L’Empereur au grand-duc de Berg. Dateline: Posen, 5 décembre 1806, à midi. Posen is the sender’s locality, mapped by the existing Poznań record.", "The quotation stops at the printed semicolon on p. 231; the remainder of the sentence assigns more bridges and corps dispositions. The wording and geographical terminology of the printed order are retained without silently reconciling the Bug/Narew names.", "The summary is limited to legible instructions on p. 231. Damaged or cropped words elsewhere have not been reconstructed as quotation from OCR.", "The letter repeatedly uses expectations and orders. The smaller-type commentary that follows on p. 232 disputes the readiness of the Vistula bridge; that commentary and the following Hanicque report are separate from Napoleon’s letter.", "The map marker locates the sender’s dateline approximately. The addressee does not establish Murat’s presence, receipt of the letter, or a travelled route; davoutPlaceId remains null." ], "themeId": "bridge" }, { "id": "murat-1806-12-06-napoleon", "date": "1806-12-06", "time": "00:00", "direction": "sent", "senderId": "murat", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "warsaw", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Ice at the Vistula, hunger beyond it", "summary": "Murat says the Vistula’s drifting ice has allowed only one regiment to cross. He hopes to pass the rest of Davout’s infantry and make room for Lannes’s corps, but warns that extraordinary measures are needed to feed the army.", "excerptFrench": "La Vistule a continué à charrier toute la journée, et malgré tous les efforts, il n’a été possible que de passer un régiment. Le temps est devenu moins froid et tout me fait présumer que la journée de demain sera plus heureuse et que nous parviendrons à faire passer le reste de l’infanterie du corps du maréchal Davout. Alors je ferai entrer en ville celui du maréchal Lannes. […] Sire, je ne saurais trop le répéter à Votre Majesté, il faut des moyens extraordinaires pour assurer les subsistances de l’armée.", "translationEnglish": "The Vistula has continued to carry drifting ice all day, and despite every effort it has only been possible to get one regiment across. The weather has become less cold, and everything leads me to hope that tomorrow will be more successful and that we shall manage to get the rest of Marshal Davout’s corps’ infantry across. Then I shall bring Marshal Lannes’s corps into the city. […] Sire, I cannot repeat it too often to Your Majesty: extraordinary measures are needed to secure the army’s supplies.", "sourceId": "foucart1882-pologne-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepolog00foucgoog/page/243/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepolog00foucgoog/page/243/mode/1up", "page": "Printed extract pp. 243–244; selected passages pp. 243 and 244", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Heading “Le grand-duc de Berg à l’Empereur”, Varsovie dateline of 6 December 1806, “minuit”, selected opening and final paragraph visually checked on pp. 243–244 (Archive leaves 274–275). The end precedes the editor’s “5e corps” note. No signature is reproduced.", "notes": [ "Foucart already prints this letter with omission dots, including after “Lannes”. The bracketed ellipsis here combines that printed omission with our additional omission of intervening paragraphs. This is not a complete letter.", "The French verb “charrier”, used of the river in this cold-weather context, is translated as carrying drifting ice. The French extract retains the edition’s wording without inserting “glaces”.", "The printed date is preserved. “Minuit” is encoded as 00:00 without moving the letter to 7 December or claiming an exact modern time-zone conversion.", "The sender dateline is Warsaw. Intended crossings and quarters do not establish subsequent unit positions. No autograph manuscript examined; English translation newly prepared." ], "themeId": "bridge" }, { "id": "davout-244", "date": "1806-12-11", "time": "03:30", "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "murat", "placeId": "jablonna", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "An order received at half past three", "summary": "Writing at 3:30 in the morning, Davout acknowledges Murat’s letter of the previous evening and says his intentions have been fulfilled. He describes troops concentrating at Nieporent and asks to control the available cavalry so that reconnaissance can be coordinated with his infantry.", "excerptFrench": "Monseigneur, je reçois à l’instant la lettre de Votre Altesse Impériale, du 10, à huit heures du soir; vos intentions sont remplies.", "translationEnglish": "My lord, I have just received Your Imperial Highness’s letter dated the 10th at eight in the evening; your intentions have been fulfilled.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n432/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n432/mode/1up", "page": "Letter and passage p. 366", "letterNumber": "244", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed dateline: Jablonna, 11 décembre 1806, trois heures et demie du matin.", "The heading addresses the Grand Duke of Berg: Joachim Murat. The eight o’clock time describes the previous letter; 03:30 is the dateline of this reply.", "These two stated times are about seven and a half hours apart, but the letter does not establish an exact courier journey duration. No surviving incoming record is implied by this acknowledgement." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "davout-254", "date": "1806-12-17", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "murat", "placeId": "jablonna", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "“I do not know how we shall subsist”", "summary": "Davout challenges an instruction that his corps should obtain its food from the country it occupies. He says the district offers little or nothing, that the troops’ distress is increasing, and that Warsaw meat supplies remain essential. He requests livestock for the regiments and access to the Praga bakery.", "excerptFrench": "J’ai eu l’honneur de mander à Votre Altesse qu’il n’offrait que peu ou point de ressources, et si cette décision est maintenue, j’ignore comment nous existerons.", "translationEnglish": "I had the honour to report to Your Highness that it offered little or no resources, and if this decision is maintained, I do not know how we shall subsist.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n440/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n440/mode/1up", "page": "Letter and passage p. 374", "letterNumber": "254", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed dateline: Jablonna, 17 décembre 1806. “It” in the excerpt refers to the country occupied by the corps; “this decision” is the instruction to find provisions there.", "The full letter also raises sickness, spirit rations and the conditions of troops building earthworks. These are Davout’s contemporary claims and requests." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "incoming-1806-12-19-napoleon", "date": "1806-12-19", "time": "10:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "warsaw", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "A bridge before winter quarters", "summary": "Writing from Warsaw, Napoleon says fog has prevented his intended visit to Davout’s posts. He wants the bridge finished on 21 December so troops can cross on the 22nd, and makes winter quarters conditional on first driving back the Russians.", "excerptFrench": "Il est temps de prendre nos quartiers d’hiver, ce qui ne peut avoir lieu qu’après avoir chassé les Russes.", "translationEnglish": "It is time to take up our winter quarters, which cannot happen until we have driven the Russians away.", "sourceId": "napoleon-dec1806", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-decembre-1806/8/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Varsovie, 19 décembre 1806, 10 heures du matin — Au maréchal Davout.", "No recipient town is supplied. Warsaw is Napoleon’s writing location, not evidence of Davout’s presence or of delivery.", "The bridge’s completion and crossing dates are requested future actions, not evidence that they occurred. The summary retains the source’s unnamed ‘your bridge’ rather than adding an identification." ], "themeId": "bridge" }, { "id": "davout-257", "date": "1806-12-26", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "czarnowo", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Artillery delayed on dreadful roads", "summary": "Davout reports fighting around Golymin and news of Lannes’s action at Pultusk. After describing attacks and Rapp’s wounding, he explains that a division and some guns arrived only at nightfall. The roads are delaying the remaining artillery, and he cannot yet be sure that an order to another division can be carried out.", "excerptFrench": "La 2e division n’a pu arriver qu’à la nuit, ainsi que 4 pièces d’artillerie de la 1re division. Les chemins sont affreux; il faudra toute la nuit pour faire arriver les pièces des autres divisions.", "translationEnglish": "The 2nd Division could not arrive until nightfall, along with four guns of the 1st Division. The roads are dreadful; it will take the whole night to bring up the guns of the other divisions.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n446/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n445/mode/1up", "page": "Letter starts p. 379; passage p. 380", "letterNumber": "257", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed dateline: Czarnowo, 26 décembre 1806. The edition prints Czarnowo even though the body reports the fighting at Golymin. The dateline has not been silently relocated to the battlefield.", "The expected arrival of the other guns is a forecast in the letter, not a confirmed outcome. Ordinal superscripts have been transcribed as plain-text 2e and 1re." ], "themeId": "battle" }, { "id": "murat-1806-12-28-napoleon", "date": "1806-12-28", "time": "12:30", "direction": "sent", "senderId": "murat", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "makow-mazowiecki", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Three columns because the roads cannot feed one", "summary": "After reporting a burned bridge at Makow, Murat explains why the pursuit must spread across three columns: almost no food and terrible roads. He says only Watier’s brigade has passed by midday and that the cavalry is weakening daily.", "excerptFrench": "Sire, je suis obligé de marcher sur trois colonnes, d’abord parce que je crois que c’est un mouvement militaire, mais j’y suis surtout déterminé par le manque absolu de vivres, par les chemins affreux que j’ai à parcourir, et que parce que, différemment, je ne ferais pas trois lieues par jour ; car il est déjà midi et demi et je n’ai de passé que la brigade Watier ; la tête de la division Klein commence seulement à défiler dans les boues de Makow. […] Votre cavalerie s’affaiblit tous les jours d’une manière sensible.", "translationEnglish": "Sire, I am obliged to march in three columns, first because I believe it is a sound military movement, but above all because of the absolute lack of food, the dreadful roads I have to travel, and because otherwise I would not cover three leagues a day; for it is already half past midday and only Watier’s brigade has passed; the head of Klein’s division is only just beginning to file through the mud of Makow. […] Your cavalry is growing perceptibly weaker every day.", "sourceId": "foucart1882-pologne-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepolog00foucgoog/page/519/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepolog00foucgoog/page/518/mode/1up", "page": "Letter pp. 518–520; selected passages pp. 519–520", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Heading “Le grand-duc de Berg à l’Empereur”, Makow dateline of 28 December 1806 at “midi et demi”, selected paragraph across pp. 519–520, later cavalry sentence and final letter boundary visually checked (Archive leaves 554–556). No signature is reproduced; the following Belliard-to-Beker letter is separate.", "notes": [ "The bracketed ellipsis marks our omission between two non-contiguous passages. The awkward printed construction “et que parce que” is retained in French; the translation conveys its sense.", "Murat’s account of enemy numbers, routes and possible abandoned artillery in the unquoted opening remains intelligence, not a verified capture or movement record.", "Makow is identified as Maków Mazowiecki from the letter’s Orzyc crossing and Rozan/Ostrolenka context, supported by the gazetteer alias “Maków nad Orzycem”. The marker is an approximate town location, not the bridge or headquarters.", "The scan of p. 520 is uneven but the quoted continuation and cavalry sentence are legible. No autograph manuscript examined; English translation newly prepared." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "incoming-1806-12-30-berthier-murat", "date": "1806-12-30", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "berthier", "recipientId": "murat", "placeId": "pultusk", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Winter quarters require a clear chain of command", "summary": "Berthier sets out cantonments and mutual support for Murat’s cavalry along the Narew and neighbouring rivers. Nansouty is to coordinate the cavalry divisions, with Soult holding authority for unexpected or exceptional operations while cavalry administration and reporting remain separate. The order also locates the intended cavalry quarters of Davout and Lannes and forbids pointless skirmishes.", "excerptFrench": "L’intention de l’Empereur, Prince, est que vous préveniez le général Nansouty qu’il sera sous les ordres du maréchal Soult avec ses 4 divisions de troupes à cheval, pour tout ce qui est relatif à toutes les circonstances imprévues et extraordinaires; du reste il commandera d’une manière indépendante du maréchal Soult tout le détail de son armée et il rendra compte de tout directement à Votre Altesse, indépendamment des rapports qu’il sera dans le cas de faire au maréchal Soult.", "translationEnglish": "The Emperor’s intention, Prince, is that you inform General Nansouty that he and his four divisions of mounted troops will be under Marshal Soult’s orders in all unforeseen and exceptional circumstances. Otherwise he will manage the internal details of his force independently of Marshal Soult, and report everything directly to Your Highness, in addition to any reports he may need to make to Marshal Soult.", "sourceId": "foucart1882-pologne-v2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepolog00histgoog/page/46/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepolog00histgoog/page/45/mode/1up", "page": "45–47", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Major-General-to-Grand-Duke-of-Berg heading, dateline, complete printed order, selected French paragraph and editorial timing footnote visually checked on pp. 45–47. No signature is reproduced; Berthier attribution rests on the printed office heading. No autograph manuscript examined. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed dateline: Pultusk, 30 décembre 1806. The running page heading says 31 décembre, but the document’s own dateline governs its date.", "Foucart’s footnote says the dispatch was written very late on 30 December and reached Makow at 3 a.m. on 31 December. These are editorial transmission claims, not an exact writing hour, so time remains null.", "The excerpt is the continuous command-arrangement paragraph on p. 46. Armée here describes Nansouty’s mounted force; the translation does not create a separate army command.", "The following Belliard-to-Berthier letter, dated Makow, 31 December at 3 a.m., is a separate document. No receipt time is silently moved into the order’s dateline.", "Quarters and supporting positions described in the order are not treated as independently verified troop locations.", "The map marker locates the sender’s dateline approximately. The addressee does not establish Murat’s presence, receipt of the letter, or a travelled route; davoutPlaceId remains null." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "incoming-1807-01-01-berthier-davout", "date": "1807-01-01", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "berthier", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "pultusk", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Winter quarters, flour and a concentration point at Pultusk", "summary": "Berthier tells Davout to place his headquarters at Pultusk on 3 January and occupy the country between the Bug and Narew. He allocates cavalry, explains Lannes’s neighbouring tasks, and names Pultusk as the concentration point if Soult reports an enemy advance. Davout must requisition grain and flour, establish army bakeries, organise subsistence and send returns of quarters, killed and wounded.", "excerptFrench": "Occupez-vous à réorganiser le pays; requérez des grains, des farines, faites établir des manutentions et organisez vos moyens de subsistances.", "translationEnglish": "Set about reorganising the country; requisition grain and flour, establish army bakeries, and organise your means of supply.", "sourceId": "foucart1882-pologne-v2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepolog00histgoog/page/73/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepolog00histgoog/page/73/mode/1up", "page": "73–74", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "The recipient heading, dateline, full printed document and selected French passage were visually checked on printed pp. 73–74. Foucart attributes the document through the heading “Le Major Général au maréchal Davout”; no signature is reproduced beneath this document. This verifies the nineteenth-/early-twentieth-century printed edition, not an autograph manuscript. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "The sender’s dateline is Pultusk, 1er janvier 1807. “À Strzegocin” appears in the recipient heading; it is a postal destination, not evidence that Berthier wrote there or that Davout received the letter there.", "The ordered headquarters move to Pultusk is for 3 January. This is a future instruction and is not used as proof of Davout’s actual presence on either date.", "“Manutentions” is translated in its military-supply sense as army bakeries; the surrounding requisition of grain and flour supplies that context.", "The ending on p. 74 requests the state of cantonments and returns of killed and wounded. The following letter to Soult is a separate document.", "Foucart prints the Major General’s heading and dateline, without a reproduced signature. No autograph or courier record has been checked." ], "themeId": "quarters" }, { "id": "davout-259", "date": "1807-01-07", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "pultusk", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Ice cuts the crossings; wounded cannot leave", "summary": "Davout describes an increasingly precarious corps around Pultusk. Ice has broken communications with the left bank of the Narew, where he says most supplies lie. The wounded can no longer be evacuated by water, and he says there is no means to take them overland. He asks Berthier for help.", "excerptFrench": "Les évacuations des blessés, qui devaient avoir lieu par eau, sont devenues impraticables, et il n’existe aucun moyen de les faire par terre; nous sommes obligés de réserver pour les blessés le peu de ressources que nous pouvons recueillir; je vous prie de venir à notre secours.", "translationEnglish": "Evacuating the wounded by water, as intended, has become impossible, and there is no means of doing it by land; we are obliged to reserve for the wounded the few resources we can gather; I beg you to come to our aid.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n449/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n448/mode/1up", "page": "Letter starts p. 382; passage p. 383", "letterNumber": "259", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed dateline: Pultusk, 7 janvier 1807. The scan clearly reads 7; the search OCR misreads the day.", "The supply and evacuation conditions are Davout’s report. The letter does not give a count of the wounded or establish what assistance subsequently arrived." ], "themeId": "wounded" }, { "id": "davout-261", "date": "1807-01-10", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "pultusk", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Winter quarters and an unreliable map", "summary": "Davout protests that the new allocation of winter quarters reduces the villages available to his corps, although existing forage would scarcely support another twelve or fifteen days. He also attacks the maps used for the allocation: one omits a small river, while another includes it but is, in his judgement, inaccurate.", "excerptFrench": "La petite rivière de Ziclino n’existe pas sur la carte de Gilly, mais sur celle de Rizzi-Zannoni, qui est absolument inexacte, […]", "translationEnglish": "The little river Ziclino does not appear on Gilly’s map, but does on Rizzi-Zannoni’s, which is completely inaccurate, […]", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n450/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n450/mode/1up", "page": "Letter and passage p. 384", "letterNumber": "261", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed dateline: Pultusk, 10 janvier 1807.", "The excerpt ends at the printed page break; the editorial ellipsis marks the omitted continuation. Page 385 is cropped at the left edge in this scan, so its partly missing wording has not been reconstructed as a quotation.", "This is Davout’s criticism of the maps, not an independent modern assessment. Ziclino is retained as printed; its modern identity has not been established and no river marker is supplied." ], "themeId": "quarters" }, { "id": "incoming-1807-01-15-napoleon", "date": "1807-01-15", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "warsaw", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Let the cavalry rest", "summary": "Napoleon tells Davout to use infantry at the outposts and rest the cavalry, while maintaining reconnaissance. He considers pursuit unnecessary and warns that variable weather could separate Davout from his corps if he visits Warsaw before travel becomes reliable.", "excerptFrench": "Faites mettre de l’infanterie à vos avant-postes, et laissez reposer la cavalerie.", "translationEnglish": "Put infantry at your outposts, and let the cavalry rest.", "sourceId": "napoleon-jan1807", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-janvier-1807/4/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Varsovie, 15 janvier 1807 — Au maréchal Davout.", "No recipient town is supplied. The permission for a later visit does not establish Davout’s presence in Warsaw.", "The same letter addresses Legion of Honour promotions, vacancies in three light-cavalry regiments, two battalions ordered to Ostrolenka, and Gudin’s division ordered to Warsaw. These are Napoleon’s administrative statements and orders, not independently checked outcomes." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "incoming-1807-01-28-napoleon", "date": "1807-01-28", "time": "00:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "warsaw", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Keep the Pultusk bridge in order", "summary": "As movement orders go out, Napoleon assumes that Davout has repaired the Pultusk bridge. If that has not happened, he orders its immediate restoration and continued maintenance. The letter shows an essential crossing as a condition of operations, with its actual state still unconfirmed in the text.", "excerptFrench": "J’imagine que vous avez fait remettre le pont de Pultusk en état.", "translationEnglish": "I imagine that you have had the Pultusk bridge put back in order.", "sourceId": "napoleon-jan1807", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-janvier-1807/7/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Varsovie, 28 janvier 1807, minuit — Au maréchal Davout.", "The date is retained exactly as headed; 00:00 represents the source’s ‘minuit’, without moving the letter to an adjacent date or assigning a modern time zone.", "No recipient town is supplied. Pultusk is the bridge’s location, not a dateline or proof of Davout’s presence. Napoleon’s assumption that earlier orders were received is not independent proof of receipt." ], "themeId": "bridge" }, { "id": "incoming-1807-01-30-napoleon", "date": "1807-01-30", "time": "00:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "przasnysz", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "A possible move on Ortelsburg", "summary": "From Przasnysz, Napoleon tells Davout that an order to move on Ortelsburg on 1 February is probable. He asks for intelligence near the head of the Niedersee lakes, describes Soult’s prospective supporting position, and promises further instructions before dawn.", "excerptFrench": "Il est probable que je vous enverrai l’ordre de vous porter sur Ortelsburg le 1er février.", "translationEnglish": "It is likely that I shall send you the order to move on Ortelsburg on 1 February.", "sourceId": "napoleon-jan1807", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-janvier-1807/8/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Przasnysz, 30 janvier 1807, minuit — Au maréchal Davout, à Myszynieck.", "The address Myszynieck is an intended destination, not proof that Davout was present or that this letter reached him. Przasnysz is Napoleon’s writing location.", "The date is retained exactly as headed; 00:00 represents the source’s ‘minuit’, without moving the letter to an adjacent date or assigning a modern time zone.", "The Ortelsburg movement is expressly probable, not yet the order itself. Napoleon also reports Gudin’s arrival at Pultusk; that is a contemporary report, not a separate verified location record." ], "themeId": "movement" }, { "id": "incoming-1807-01-31-berthier-lannes", "date": "1807-01-31", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "berthier", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": null, "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Berthier announces Savary’s command", "summary": "The major general replies that Napoleon wants Lannes to concentrate on recovering his health and has entrusted V Corps to Savary. Thoumas explicitly calls this a reply sent the same day. Its sender remains Berthier, although it conveys Napoleon’s decision.", "excerptFrench": "L’Empereur veut absolument que vous vous occupiez de soigner votre santé. Sa Majesté a reconnu elle-même l’impossibilité où vous étiez de vous livrer aux fatigues qu’exige la continuité de la campagne. En conséquence Elle vient de confier le commandement en chef du 5e corps au général Savary…", "translationEnglish": "The Emperor insists that you attend to restoring your health. His Majesty has himself recognised that you cannot bear the exertions required by continuing the campaign. Accordingly, he has just entrusted command-in-chief of V Corps to General Savary…", "sourceId": "thoumas1891-lannes", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n216/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n216/mode/1up", "page": "pp. 194–195", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Editorial date, recipient attribution, selected quoted French passage and quotation boundaries visually checked against the 1891 printed scan. The extract has no signature; neither the full underlying letter nor an autograph manuscript was examined. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Thoumas supplies the day and month in his editorial introduction; 1807 comes from the surrounding campaign chronology. This is an extract within a biography, not a separately reproduced full dateline or signature.", "No writing-town dateline accompanies this extract; placeId remains null. Places discussed in the letter or surrounding narrative are not converted into positions.", "The introduction says Le major-général répondit le même jour à cette lettre. Berthier’s office is identified in this campaign and the surrounding pages; the extract has no signature.", "This reply relationship is explicitly supplied by the editor. No delivery hour or ordering among other same-day records is inferred. The printed terminal ellipsis marks an extract." ], "themeId": "quarters" }, { "id": "lannes-1807-01-31-napoleon", "date": "1807-01-31", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": null, "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Too ill to follow his corps", "summary": "Lannes tells Napoleon that fever and severe abdominal pain have left him unable to rise from bed. He says he has passed the major general’s instructions and temporary command of V Corps to Suchet. This is his report of illness and handover, not a medical diagnosis.", "excerptFrench": "La fièvre m’a pris à Nieporoul avec des tranchées horribles, et je me suis traîné à Pultusk comme j’ai pu ; j’espérais que ce ne serait rien, mais il m’a été impossible aujourd’hui de sortir de mon lit. J’ai remis au général Suchet les instructions que j’avais reçues du major-général, en lui remettant le commandement du 5e corps d’armée. Votre Majesté doit sentir le chagrin que j’éprouve de ne pouvoir pas suivre mon corps d’armée.", "translationEnglish": "Fever seized me at Nieporoul with dreadful abdominal cramps, and I dragged myself to Pułtusk as best I could. I hoped it would be nothing, but today it has been impossible for me to get out of bed. I gave General Suchet the instructions I had received from the major general, handing over to him command of V Corps. Your Majesty must understand my distress at being unable to follow my corps.", "sourceId": "thoumas1891-lannes", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n216/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n216/mode/1up", "page": "p. 194", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Editorial date, recipient attribution, selected quoted French passage and quotation boundaries visually checked against the 1891 printed scan. The extract has no signature; neither the full underlying letter nor an autograph manuscript was examined. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Thoumas supplies the day and month in his editorial introduction; 1807 comes from the surrounding campaign chronology. This is an extract within a biography, not a separately reproduced full dateline or signature.", "No writing-town dateline accompanies this extract; placeId remains null. Places discussed in the letter or surrounding narrative are not converted into positions.", "Nieporoul and Pułtusk occur within the account of recent movement, not in a separate writing-place heading. Tranchées is translated as abdominal cramps without diagnosing the illness.", "5e normalises the printed superscript ordinal. Line breaks, spacing and apostrophes are normalised. No writing hour is stated." ], "themeId": "wounded" }, { "id": "incoming-1807-02-02-napoleon", "date": "1807-02-02", "time": "08:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "wielbark", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Send news throughout the night", "summary": "Napoleon directs one of Davout’s divisions towards Mensguth and describes the intended arrangement of the other divisions. As he leaves Willenberg for Passenheim, he asks for their arrival times and repeated reports during the night: coordination depends on knowing where each column will be.", "excerptFrench": "J’ai besoin d’avoir fréquemment des nouvelles.", "translationEnglish": "I need frequent news.", "sourceId": "napoleon-feb1807", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-fevrier-1807/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Willenberg, 2 février 1807, 8 heures du matin — Au maréchal Davout, à Ortelsburg.", "Willenberg is Napoleon’s writing location. Ortelsburg is the intended address and is not used as proof of Davout’s presence or delivery.", "Troop positions and enemy dispositions are orders, expectations or reported intelligence. The letter does not independently establish completed movements." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "davout-276", "date": "1807-02-02", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "ortelsburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "The advance stretches out", "summary": "From Ortelsburg, Davout reports directly to Napoleon that three of Friant’s regiments have passed through. He expects the leading two to reach Mensguth that evening, while stragglers will hold the third at an intermediate point. His report distinguishes troops already observed from their intended next positions.", "excerptFrench": "Les deux premiers, qui avaient un peu d’avance, arriveront ce soir à Mensguth; le 3e, qui a des traînards, sera à Leynau, point intermédiaire entre Ortelsburg et Mensguth.", "translationEnglish": "The first two, which were a little ahead, will reach Mensguth this evening; the third, which has stragglers, will be at Leynau, an intermediate point between Ortelsburg and Mensguth.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n468/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n468/mode/1up", "page": "Letter and passage p. 404", "letterNumber": "276", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed dateline: Ortelsburg, 2 février 1807. The scan confirms the year; the search OCR is unreliable here.", "The recipient heading is “À l’Empereur et Roi”: Napoleon. “The first two” and “the third” refer to Friant’s regiments in the preceding sentence.", "The promised arrival points are plans, not independently verified movements. The map marker represents Ortelsburg, the writing town. The ordinal superscript has been transcribed as 3e." ], "themeId": "movement" }, { "id": "incoming-1807-02-03-napoleon", "date": "1807-02-03", "time": "06:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "pasym", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Rest, soup—and readiness to march", "summary": "Expecting a possible battle, Napoleon directs Davout and Morand’s division towards Passenheim, with Friant moving towards Wartenburg. Gudin’s division is to rest at Ortelsburg, prepare soup and remain ready to march. Only an advance guard is initially to move on Mensguth.", "excerptFrench": "Qu’il fasse faire la soupe et se tienne prêt à partir.", "translationEnglish": "Have him get the soup prepared and remain ready to set out.", "sourceId": "napoleon-feb1807", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-fevrier-1807/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Heading and complete letter checked against the linked web transcription. No printed-scan or manuscript comparison completed. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Source heading: Passenheim, 3 février 1807, 6 heures du matin — Au maréchal Davout, à Ortelsburg.", "The ‘him’ of the excerpt refers to General Gudin. Passenheim is Napoleon’s writing location; Ortelsburg is the intended address, not proof of Davout’s presence or receipt.", "The later instruction to spread word of a march towards Rastenburg and Nikolaiken is a deception instruction; it must not be drawn as an actual route. Enemy numbers are Napoleon’s estimates and reports, not independently established strengths." ], "themeId": "movement" }, { "id": "davout-282", "date": "1807-02-07", "time": "00:30", "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "heilsberg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "A midnight promise depends on a bridge", "summary": "At half past midnight Davout acknowledges orders to reach Grimwald between nine and ten. He says his corps is positioned to comply, but a bridge is still holding up the artillery of two divisions. Completion before daylight would allow him to be in line even earlier.", "excerptFrench": "Je pourrais garantir même que je serais en ligne avant l’heure prescrite, si le pont qui retient l’artillerie des 1re et 3e divisions, et auquel on travaille avec beaucoup d’activité, était achevé avant le jour.", "translationEnglish": "I could even guarantee that I would be in line before the prescribed hour if the bridge holding up the artillery of the 1st and 3rd Divisions, on which work is proceeding very actively, were finished before daylight.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n476/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n476/mode/1up", "page": "Letter and passage p. 412", "letterNumber": "282", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed dateline: Heilsberg, 7 février, à minuit et demi. The year 1807 is supplied by the edition’s surrounding sequence and running heading; it is omitted from this dateline.", "The letter’s arrival promise is conditional on the bridge. It is not evidence that the bridge was finished or that the announced schedule was achieved.", "The body uses “demain” while the dateline reads half past midnight. The record preserves the printed 7 February date and does not derive an extra dated arrival event from that wording. Ordinal superscripts have been transcribed as plain text." ], "themeId": "bridge" }, { "id": "davout-283", "date": "1807-02-07", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "beisleiden", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Near Eylau, with one division still expected", "summary": "Davout reports receiving orders to place most of the III Corps between Eylau and Bartenstein. Acting on Marulaz’s reports, he moves onto the road between them. He places Morand’s and Friant’s divisions about a league and a half from Eylau, while Gudin’s is expected the following morning.", "excerptFrench": "Les divisions Morand et Friant sont à environ une lieue et demie d’Eylau. La division Gudin s’est portée sur Bartenstein et sera ici demain vers les huit heures du matin.", "translationEnglish": "Morand’s and Friant’s divisions are about a league and a half from Eylau. Gudin’s division has moved towards Bartenstein and will be here tomorrow at about eight in the morning.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n476/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n476/mode/1up", "page": "Letter and passage p. 412", "letterNumber": "283", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed dateline: Beisleiden, 7 février 1807. The spelling is retained from the scan; a modern place identification must be documented separately.", "“Here” refers to the letter’s writing location. The league-and-a-half distance is Davout’s approximation; it has not been converted into a precise troop coordinate. Gudin’s arrival is a forecast.", "The next letter in the edition, no. 284, is also dated 7 February. An editorial account of Eylau follows; it is not a Davout dispatch. The next dated outgoing letter is no. 285 on 11 February." ], "themeId": "movement" }, { "id": "davout-285", "date": "1807-02-11", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "domnau", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "After Eylau: intelligence and crowded quarters", "summary": "From Domnau, Davout passes on a captured Prussian officer’s account of troops that had fought on 8 February. He then turns to overlapping cantonments: other formations still occupy villages allocated to his corps. He asks Berthier either to extend his quarters or to prevent the crowding.", "excerptFrench": "J’ai l’honneur de prier Votre Altesse de faire étendre plus avant, si elle le juge convenable, les cantonnements du 3e corps, ou de vouloir bien donner ses ordres pour empêcher un encombrement toujours nuisible, et particulièrement entre troupes de différents corps d’armée.", "translationEnglish": "I have the honour to ask Your Highness to extend the 3rd Corps’ cantonments farther forward, if you think it appropriate, or kindly to issue orders to prevent crowding, which is always harmful, particularly among troops from different army corps.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n480/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n479/mode/1up", "page": "Letter starts p. 415; passage p. 416", "letterNumber": "285", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Dateline and selected French passage visually checked against the 1885 printed scan. Manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared for this project.", "notes": [ "Printed dateline: Domnau, 11 février 1807. This is an aftermath epilogue, not a letter written during the battle.", "The first part of the letter reports a captured officer’s statement. The quoted passage concerns the allocation of quarters, not a casualty total or a retrospective battle narrative.", "No outgoing letters dated 8–10 February appear between nos. 284 and 285 in this edition. This is a gap in this printed sequence, not a claim that Davout wrote no letters on those days or that none survives elsewhere. Ordinal superscripts have been transcribed as 3e." ], "themeId": "quarters" }, { "id": "incoming-1807-06-13-napoleon-murat", "date": "1807-06-13", "time": "16:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "murat", "placeId": "preussisch-eylau", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Gather boats in case the Königsberg bridgehead holds", "summary": "Napoleon passes on news of Lannes’s light cavalry beyond Domnau and interprets the enemy’s movements optimistically. He nevertheless tells Murat to collect boats on the Pregel, preparing another means of crossing if the Königsberg bridgehead resists. The report and forecast are contemporary intelligence; the boat collection is an order, not a confirmed result.", "excerptFrench": "Envoyez des partis sur la Pregel pour y rassembler des bateaux, afin d’avoir des moyens de passer cette rivière, si jamais on se défendait à la tête de pont de Koenigsberg.", "translationEnglish": "Send detachments to the Pregel to gather boats there, so as to have means of crossing the river if resistance should be offered at the Königsberg bridgehead.", "sourceId": "napoleon-jun1807", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-juin-1807/", "letterSourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-juin-1807/", "page": "Web transcription; no printed pagination supplied for this item", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Complete individual letter, recipient heading, dateline, selected French sentence and following document boundary checked in the Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire web transcription, reopened 27 October 2026. Printed scan and underlying manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Transcribed heading: Au grand-duc de Berg. Dateline: Preussich-Eylau, 13 juin 1807, 4 heures après midi. The following 9 p.m. Napoleon-to-Lannes letter is a separate document already in the atlas.", "The complete short item was read through the next document boundary. The source does not reproduce a signature. Verification is transcription-checked, not scan-checked.", "Pregel and Koenigsberg preserve the source’s names. Reported cavalry positions, inferred enemy dispositions and the conditional boat-gathering order do not establish completed movement or bridge construction.", "The sender’s dateline uses the existing Preussisch-Eylau town marker. The addressee does not establish Murat’s presence or receipt; davoutPlaceId remains null." ], "themeId": "bridge" }, { "id": "incoming-1807-06-13-napoleon-lannes", "date": "1807-06-13", "time": "21:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "preussisch-eylau", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Before Friedland: an army or only a detachment?", "summary": "Napoleon tells Lannes that his officer has brought insufficient intelligence to establish whether the Russians emerging at Friedland are the main army or a smaller force. He sends support and asks for frequent reports and prisoner interrogations. His uncertainty is part of the evidence, not hindsight about the following day’s battle.", "excerptFrench": "Mon Cousin, mon officier d’ordonnance arrive à l’instant. Il ne me donne pas assez de renseignements pour me faire connaître si c’est l’armée ennemie qui débouche par Friedland, ou seulement un parti.", "translationEnglish": "My cousin, my orderly officer has just arrived. He has not given me enough information to establish whether it is the enemy army emerging through Friedland, or merely a detachment.", "sourceId": "napoleon-jun1807", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-juin-1807/", "letterSourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-juin-1807/", "page": "Web transcription; no printed pagination supplied for this item", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Complete individual letter, recipient heading, dateline and quoted passage inspected in the Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire correspondence web transcription. Printed scan and underlying manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Transcribed dateline: Preussich-Eylau, 13 juin 1807, 9 heures du soir Recipient heading: Au maréchal Lannes", "The web page attributes this direct letter to Napoleon. Its complete individual transcription was read through the next document boundary. No printed page image or autograph was examined; the transcription does not reproduce a signature for this item.", "Whitespace and soft line-break hyphens have been normalised. Other wording is retained in the selected French excerpt; the English translation is newly prepared.", "The writing-place dateline locates the sender approximately. Recipient addresses, ordered destinations and reported unit positions are not evidence of receipt or of the recipient’s presence. davoutPlaceId remains null." ], "themeId": "intelligence" }, { "id": "incoming-1807-06-17-napoleon-davout", "date": "1807-06-17", "time": "11:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "wehlau", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "After Friedland: cut the road to Tilsit", "summary": "From Wehlau, Napoleon tells Davout that Grouchy is moving towards Labiau to support his attack and cut the road to Tilsit. He hopes to intercept the enemy and its stores, while stressing the need to establish communications and send news. The letter records intentions during the pursuit, not their fulfilment.", "excerptFrench": "Si vous réussissez à couper l’ennemi, ce sera un grand événement.", "translationEnglish": "If you succeed in cutting off the enemy, it will be a major event.", "sourceId": "napoleon-jun1807", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-juin-1807/", "letterSourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-juin-1807/", "page": "Web transcription; no printed pagination supplied for this item", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Complete individual letter, recipient heading, dateline and quoted passage inspected in the Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire correspondence web transcription. Printed scan and underlying manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Transcribed dateline: Wehlau, 17 juin 1807, 11 heures du matin Recipient heading: Au maréchal Davout", "The web page attributes this direct letter to Napoleon. Its complete individual transcription was read through the next document boundary. No printed page image or autograph was examined; the transcription does not reproduce a signature for this item.", "Whitespace and soft line-break hyphens have been normalised. Other wording is retained in the selected French excerpt; the English translation is newly prepared.", "The writing-place dateline locates the sender approximately. Recipient addresses, ordered destinations and reported unit positions are not evidence of receipt or of the recipient’s presence. davoutPlaceId remains null." ], "themeId": "movement" }, { "id": "lannes-1807-06-17-louise-lannes", "date": "1807-06-17", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "louise-lannes", "placeId": null, "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Friedland, as Lannes describes it", "summary": "Lannes tells Louise that his corps fought from one in the morning until eight in the evening without yielding ground. He praises his troops and Napoleon’s manoeuvre, then hopes for peace. His assertions about losses, trophies and endurance remain a participant’s claims, not independently checked battle totals.", "excerptFrench": "Je me suis battu avec mon corps d’armée depuis une heure du matin jusqu’à huit heures du soir, sans perdre un pouce de terrain. Enfin, ma chère Louise, mes troupes se sont couvertes de gloire. L’Empereur a fait la plus belle manœuvre qu’il soit possible. Elle nous a valu plus de soixante pièces de canon et beaucoup de bagages. J’espère, ma chère Louise, que ce sera la dernière bataille et que nous aurons la paix.", "translationEnglish": "I fought with my corps from one in the morning until eight in the evening without losing an inch of ground. In short, my dear Louise, my troops covered themselves in glory. The Emperor made the finest manoeuvre possible. It gained us more than sixty guns and much baggage. I hope, my dear Louise, that this will be the last battle and that we shall have peace.", "sourceId": "thoumas1891-lannes", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n238/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n238/mode/1up", "page": "p. 216", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Editorial date, recipient attribution, selected quoted French passage and quotation boundaries visually checked against the 1891 printed scan. The extract has no signature; neither the full underlying letter nor an autograph manuscript was examined. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Thoumas supplies the day and month in his editorial introduction; 1807 comes from the surrounding campaign chronology. This is an extract within a biography, not a separately reproduced full dateline or signature.", "No writing-town dateline accompanies this extract; placeId remains null. Places discussed in the letter or surrounding narrative are not converted into positions.", "The letter is dated 17 June, after Friedland; the battlefield is not assigned as its writing place. The hours refer to fighting, not to writing time.", "This is a continuous selection from the longer extract. The opening loss estimates and closing family remarks were inspected but are not reproduced." ], "themeId": "battle" }, { "id": "lannes-1807-06-20-louise-lannes", "date": "1807-06-20", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "louise-lannes", "placeId": "tilsit", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "At Tilsit, hoping to come home", "summary": "Writing from Tilsit according to Thoumas, Lannes expects peace within days and hopes to embrace Louise within two months. He reports an encouraging conversation with Napoleon. These are hopes and a reported conversation, not a dated treaty or independently witnessed dialogue.", "excerptFrench": "Tout annonce que nous aurons la paix dans huit jours et j’espère t’embrasser dans deux mois. J’ai vu l’Empereur aujourd’hui qui m’a dit : « Lannes, je vous donnerai bientôt une preuve de mon amitié. » Tu vois, ma chère Louise, combien je l’aime ! je suis heureux quand il me dit qu’il a enfin de l’amitié pour moi.", "translationEnglish": "Everything suggests that we shall have peace within eight days, and I hope to embrace you within two months. I saw the Emperor today, and he said to me: “Lannes, I shall soon give you proof of my friendship.” You see, my dear Louise, how much I love him! I am happy when he tells me that at last he feels friendship for me.", "sourceId": "thoumas1891-lannes", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n239/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n239/mode/1up", "page": "p. 217", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Editorial date, recipient attribution, selected quoted French passage and quotation boundaries visually checked against the 1891 printed scan. The extract has no signature; neither the full underlying letter nor an autograph manuscript was examined. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Thoumas supplies the day and month in his editorial introduction; 1807 comes from the surrounding campaign chronology. This is an extract within a biography, not a separately reproduced full dateline or signature.", "The editor explicitly identifies the writing town when introducing the letter. This is an editorial location attribution, not an inspected autograph dateline.", "The editor writes Le 20 juin il était à Tilsitt, d’où le maréchal écrivait à sa femme. The quoted speech is Lannes’s report in the letter; no dialogue has been invented.", "Nested quotation punctuation is regularised. The remaining sentences praising the battle and corps are not reproduced." ], "themeId": "morale" }, { "id": "davout-345", "date": "1807-07-21", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "tilsit", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Tilsit is handed back after the peace", "summary": "Davout reports that Tilsit was handed to the Prussians on 20 July under the evacuation convention and that his corps has begun marching. The brief report marks withdrawal after the peace, without giving the corps’ next destination.", "excerptFrench": "Monseigneur, j’ai l’honneur de rendre compte à Votre Altesse que conformément à la convention d’évacuation, la ville de Tilsit a été remise hier 20 aux Prussiens; le corps d’armée s’est mis en marche.", "translationEnglish": "Monseigneur, I have the honour to report to Your Highness that, in accordance with the evacuation convention, the town of Tilsit was handed over to the Prussians yesterday, the 20th; the army corps has begun its march.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v1", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n527/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n527/mode/1up", "page": "484", "letterNumber": "345", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Printed letter number, recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked in Mazade, volume 1, pp. 484. English translation newly prepared. This verifies the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript; the selected printed letter has no separate reproduced autograph signature.", "notes": [ "Dateline: Tilsit, 21 juillet 1807. The reported handover was the previous day, 20 July; the record date remains the writing date.", "Tilsit is the sender’s dateline. The letter does not give a destination or prove any subsequent arrival. No travelled route is inferred.", "The adjacent letter 344 and the editor’s footnotes on treaties and the evacuation timetable are separate material. The brief letter does not itself date the peace treaties." ], "themeId": "movement" }, { "id": "davout-351", "date": "1807-08-08", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "thorn", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "A powder explosion and the rescue of Thorn", "summary": "Davout reports an ammunition explosion on the previous morning, with fifty people killed or wounded in his account. Soldiers, officers and a local boatman are praised for preventing further explosions. He recommends recognition for the rescuers and explicitly says the accident happened before he returned from inspecting depots.", "excerptFrench": "On est entré dans le magasin, enfin on a dirigé les pompes de la ville avec intelligence, et presque contre toute espérance, l’incendie a été éteint avant qu’il se fût communiqué à la poudre, et la ville a été sauvée.", "translationEnglish": "They entered the magazine and finally directed the town’s pumps skilfully; almost against all hope, the fire was put out before it reached the powder, and the town was saved.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced01davogoog/page/n18/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced01davogoog/page/n18/mode/1up", "page": "9–11", "letterNumber": "351", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Printed letter number, recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked in Mazade, volume 2, pp. 9–11. English translation newly prepared. This verifies the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript; the selected printed letter has no separate reproduced autograph signature.", "notes": [ "Dateline: Thorn, 8 août 1807. The explosion is reported as occurring on 7 August at about eight in the morning; this is not a writing time.", "The casualty figure and assessment that the town was saved are Davout’s report, not an independently verified total or outcome.", "On p. 11 he says he had been absent from Thorn for two days visiting corps depots and returned a few hours after the event. This is not an eyewitness account of his own rescue work.", "Thorn is modern Toruń. The town marker does not locate the powder magazine or a particular quay." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "davout-516", "date": "1808-10-08", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "breslau", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Rain, crowded hospitals and an end to the camps", "summary": "Davout explains why he has moved troops out of poorly built, waterlogged Silesian camps into quarters. Leaking roofs, cold nights and missing bedding had filled the hospitals. He lists the new garrisons and reports that sickness has diminished since the move.", "excerptFrench": "D’après ces considérations, je n’ai pas hésité à ordonner l’évacuation des camps et à faire cantonner les troupes; elles le sont dans l’ordre suivant :", "translationEnglish": "For these reasons, I did not hesitate to order the camps evacuated and the troops placed in quarters; they are quartered as follows:", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced01davogoog/page/n305/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced01davogoog/page/n306/mode/1up", "page": "296–298", "letterNumber": "516", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Printed letter number, recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked in Mazade, volume 2, pp. 296–298. English translation newly prepared. This verifies the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript; the selected printed letter has no separate reproduced autograph signature.", "notes": [ "Dateline: Breslau, 8 octobre 1808. Breslau is modern Wrocław.", "The excerpt on p. 297 precedes the detailed quartering list; the reported improvement in hospital conditions is at the end on p. 298.", "The towns in the quartering list are reported unit locations, not additional personal location fixes for Davout. The health improvement is his assessment." ], "themeId": "quarters" }, { "id": "incoming-1808-10-25-napoleon-davout", "date": "1808-10-25", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "paris", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Before Spain: concentrate the army in Germany", "summary": "Preparing to leave for Spain, Napoleon explains to Davout how Polish and Saxon forces should cover posts while French troops concentrate west of the Elbe. His assurances about Russia and Austria describe his assessment at the time. He asks Davout to communicate frequently with the war minister during his absence.", "excerptFrench": "Dans peu de jours je pars pour l’Espagne. Il est nécessaire que vous correspondiez fréquemment avec le ministre de la guerre.", "translationEnglish": "In a few days I leave for Spain. You must correspond frequently with the minister of war.", "sourceId": "napoleon-oct1808", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-octobre-1808/", "letterSourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-octobre-1808/", "page": "Web transcription; no printed pagination supplied for this item", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Complete individual letter, recipient heading, dateline and quoted passage inspected in the Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire correspondence web transcription. Printed scan and underlying manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Transcribed dateline: Paris, 25 octobre 1808 Recipient heading: Au maréchal Davout, duc d’Auerstaedt, commandant l’armée du Rhin, à Berlin", "The web page attributes this direct letter to Napoleon. Its complete individual transcription was read through the next document boundary. No printed page image or autograph was examined; the transcription does not reproduce a signature for this item.", "Whitespace and soft line-break hyphens have been normalised. Other wording is retained in the selected French excerpt; the English translation is newly prepared.", "The writing-place dateline locates the sender approximately. Recipient addresses, ordered destinations and reported unit positions are not evidence of receipt or of the recipient’s presence. davoutPlaceId remains null." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "lannes-1808-11-25-louise-lannes", "date": "1808-11-25", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "louise-lannes", "placeId": "tudela", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "After Tudela: an optimistic prediction", "summary": "Lannes writes from Tudela that pursuit is under way and hopes the campaign will soon be over. He blames failure to enter Zaragoza on orders not being followed. This is an optimistic, self-justifying account; it neither proves his counterfactual nor describes a completed capture of Zaragoza.", "excerptFrench": "J’espère que tout sera fini dans quatre jours ; on est à la poursuite de tous les côtés, la bataille de Tudela est la plus belle que nous ayons jamais eue ; on serait entré dans Saragosse si l’on avait exécuté mes ordres. Nous ne pouvons pas tarder longtemps à rentrer en France.", "translationEnglish": "I hope that everything will be finished within four days. Pursuit is under way on every side; the battle of Tudela is the finest we have ever had. We would have entered Zaragoza if my orders had been carried out. It cannot be long before we return to France.", "sourceId": "thoumas1891-lannes", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n257/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n257/mode/1up", "page": "p. 235", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Editorial date, recipient attribution, selected quoted French passage and quotation boundaries visually checked against the 1891 printed scan. The extract has no signature; neither the full underlying letter nor an autograph manuscript was examined. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Thoumas supplies the day and month in his editorial introduction; 1808 comes from the surrounding campaign chronology. This is an extract within a biography, not a separately reproduced full dateline or signature.", "The editor explicitly identifies the writing town when introducing the letter. This is an editorial location attribution, not an inspected autograph dateline.", "The introduction specifies le 25 de Tudela à la maréchale. November 1808 follows the battle chronology on the preceding pages. This is not the separate letter of 28 November described in later auction listings.", "Saragosse is rendered as Zaragoza in English. It is a discussed objective, not another sender position." ], "themeId": "battle" }, { "id": "lannes-1809-01-14-louise-lannes", "date": "1809-01-14", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "louise-lannes", "placeId": "burgos", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "From Burgos, another siege assignment", "summary": "Lannes tells Louise that he is taking command of Junot’s and Mortier’s forces before Zaragoza, although he had hoped to accompany Napoleon back to Paris. The longer extract describes fatigue and continuing suffering after a fall from his horse. Burgos is the writing origin; the command’s destination is not evidence of arrival.", "excerptFrench": "Je t’ai écrit que je partais pour aller prendre le commandement des corps de Junot et de Mortier, qui sont devant Saragosse. Je n’ai pas besoin de te dire combien cela me contrarie : il est décidé que Sa Majesté part pour Paris : je comptais bien l’accompagner. Il attache le plus grand prix à la prise de Saragosse, il a désiré que j’y aille, je n’ai pas voulu lui refuser…", "translationEnglish": "I wrote to you that I was leaving to take command of Junot’s and Mortier’s corps, which are before Zaragoza. I need not tell you how much this upsets me: it has been decided that His Majesty is leaving for Paris, and I had fully expected to accompany him. He attaches the greatest importance to taking Zaragoza; he wanted me to go there, and I did not wish to refuse him…", "sourceId": "thoumas1891-lannes", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n261/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n261/mode/1up", "page": "pp. 239–240", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Editorial date, recipient attribution, selected quoted French passage and quotation boundaries visually checked against the 1891 printed scan. The extract has no signature; neither the full underlying letter nor an autograph manuscript was examined. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Thoumas supplies the day and month in his editorial introduction; 1809 comes from the surrounding campaign chronology. This is an extract within a biography, not a separately reproduced full dateline or signature.", "The editor explicitly identifies the writing town when introducing the letter. This is an editorial location attribution, not an inspected autograph dateline.", "The preceding paragraph gives 8 January 1809; the next introduction says De Burgos, il écrivait le 14, avec plus de détails. This explicit sequence supplies 14 January 1809.", "The printed ellipsis after refuser is retained. The rest of the quoted letter, concerning fatigue, was inspected but is not part of the displayed passage." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "incoming-1809-01-15-napoleon-davout", "date": "1809-01-15", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "valladolid", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "From Spain: move Oudinot towards Augsburg", "summary": "Writing from Valladolid, Napoleon orders Davout to send Oudinot’s infantry, cavalry and artillery to Augsburg, accompanied by Espagne’s cuirassiers. The force is to behave as though bound for Italy and await further orders at Augsburg. This is a movement instruction from Spain to the army on the Rhine.", "excerptFrench": "Il agira comme s’il devait se rendre en Italie. A Augsburg, il attendra de nouveaux ordres.", "translationEnglish": "He will act as though he were going to Italy. At Augsburg, he will await further orders.", "sourceId": "napoleon-jan1809", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-janvier-1809/", "letterSourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-janvier-1809/", "page": "Web transcription; no printed pagination supplied for this item", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Complete individual letter, recipient heading, dateline and quoted passage inspected in the Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire correspondence web transcription. Printed scan and underlying manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Transcribed dateline: Valladolid, 15 janvier 1809 Recipient heading: Au maréchal Davout, duc d’Auerstaedt, commandant l’armée du Rhin, à Erfurt", "The web page attributes this direct letter to Napoleon. Its complete individual transcription was read through the next document boundary. No printed page image or autograph was examined; the transcription does not reproduce a signature for this item.", "Whitespace and soft line-break hyphens have been normalised. Other wording is retained in the selected French excerpt; the English translation is newly prepared.", "The writing-place dateline locates the sender approximately. Recipient addresses, ordered destinations and reported unit positions are not evidence of receipt or of the recipient’s presence. davoutPlaceId remains null." ], "themeId": "movement" }, { "id": "lannes-1809-01-28-louise-lannes", "date": "1809-01-28", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "louise-lannes", "placeId": null, "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Zaragoza: a siege for every house", "summary": "Lannes tells his wife that the previous day’s attack gained only a few corners of Zaragoza. Each house must be besieged, making the operation longer and harder than expected. His account describes a developing siege, not a finished conquest.", "excerptFrench": "L’attaque a eu lieu hier, nous avons pris deux ou trois coins de la ville ; ils la défendent avec acharnement et il faut faire le siège de chaque maison ; c’est ce qui rendra la fin longue et pénible. Je suis obligé d’être nuit et jour en mouvement.", "translationEnglish": "The attack took place yesterday; we have taken two or three corners of the city. They defend it fiercely, and every house has to be besieged. That is what will make the end slow and difficult. I have to be on the move night and day.", "sourceId": "thoumas1891-lannes", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n271/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n271/mode/1up", "page": "p. 249", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Editorial date, recipient attribution, selected quoted French passage and quotation boundaries visually checked against the 1891 printed scan. The extract has no signature; neither the full underlying letter nor an autograph manuscript was examined. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Thoumas supplies the day and month in his editorial introduction; 1809 comes from the surrounding campaign chronology. This is an extract within a biography, not a separately reproduced full dateline or signature.", "No writing-town dateline accompanies this extract; placeId remains null. Places discussed in the letter or surrounding narrative are not converted into positions.", "The introduction says Lannes écrivait le 28 à sa femme immediately after the attack of 27 janvier. The chapter chronology establishes 1809.", "The nearby headquarters description, an abandoned inn by the Aragon canal locks, is narrative context rather than a reproduced dateline for this letter. No precise headquarters location is inferred." ], "themeId": "fortifications" }, { "id": "lannes-1809-02-20-louise-lannes", "date": "1809-02-20", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "louise-lannes", "placeId": null, "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Ruins, then a postscript announcing surrender", "summary": "Lannes writes that Zaragoza will soon be a heap of ruins. In a postscript to the same reproduced letter he announces that the city has surrendered and considers leaving before receiving Napoleon’s orders. The postscript stays with its letter rather than becoming a second dispatch.", "excerptFrench": "Quel métier, ma chère Louise, que celui que nous faisons ici ! Saragosse ne sera bientôt plus qu’un tas de ruines. […] Post-scriptum. — Saragosse vient de se rendre. Quelle grande chose, ma chère amie ! Il est possible que je parte avant d’attendre les ordres de Sa Majesté.", "translationEnglish": "What a profession ours is here, my dear Louise! Zaragoza will soon be nothing but a heap of ruins. […] Postscript.—Zaragoza has just surrendered. What a great event, my dear friend! It is possible that I shall leave before waiting for His Majesty’s orders.", "sourceId": "thoumas1891-lannes", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n281/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n281/mode/1up", "page": "pp. 259–260", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Editorial date, recipient attribution, selected quoted French passage and quotation boundaries visually checked against the 1891 printed scan. The extract has no signature; neither the full underlying letter nor an autograph manuscript was examined. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Thoumas supplies the day and month in his editorial introduction; 1809 comes from the surrounding campaign chronology. This is an extract within a biography, not a separately reproduced full dateline or signature.", "No writing-town dateline accompanies this extract; placeId remains null. Places discussed in the letter or surrounding narrative are not converted into positions.", "The source introduces the letter as written le 20 février à la maréchale. The year 1809 comes from the siege chronology.", "The bracketed ellipsis discloses our omission of the intervening paragraph about the suburb’s capture and an expected relief force. The postscript follows on p. 260; its writing hour is not given.", "This surrender announcement is dated 20 February; the separate 19 March letter calls 21 February the day of entry. Surrender announcement and entry are distinct statements, not a one-day date correction." ], "themeId": "battle" }, { "id": "lannes-1809-03-19-berthier", "date": "1809-03-19", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": null, "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "A reported toll at Zaragoza", "summary": "Lannes tells Berthier that a compiled return records more than 54,000 deaths during the siege, with a further 8,000–10,000 since entry. He estimates the surviving population at 12,000–15,000. These are the figures claimed in his letter; the attached return is not reproduced and the totals have not been independently reconciled.", "excerptFrench": "J’ai fait faire le relevé ci-joint des personnes mortes à Saragosse depuis le 21 décembre jusqu’au 21 février, jour de notre entrée dans la place. Votre Altesse verra qu’il y est mort cinquante-quatre mille et tant de personnes. C’est inconcevable ! depuis notre entrée dans Saragosse il en est mort encore huit à dix mille, et cette ville est réduite en ce moment à douze ou quinze mille habitants.", "translationEnglish": "I had the attached return drawn up of the people who died in Zaragoza from 21 December until 21 February, the day we entered the city. Your Highness will see that fifty-four thousand and more people died there. It is inconceivable! Since our entry into Zaragoza another eight to ten thousand have died, and the city is now reduced to twelve or fifteen thousand inhabitants.", "sourceId": "thoumas1891-lannes", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n287/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n287/mode/1up", "page": "p. 265", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Editorial date, recipient attribution, selected quoted French passage and quotation boundaries visually checked against the 1891 printed scan. The extract has no signature; neither the full underlying letter nor an autograph manuscript was examined. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Thoumas supplies the day and month in his editorial introduction; 1809 comes from the surrounding campaign chronology. This is an extract within a biography, not a separately reproduced full dateline or signature.", "No writing-town dateline accompanies this extract; placeId remains null. Places discussed in the letter or surrounding narrative are not converted into positions.", "The introduction identifies 19 March and the recipient as major-général Berthier; the surrounding 1809 chronology supplies the year.", "Et tant means an unspecified additional amount, not a precise number of hundreds. The attached return is not reproduced on the inspected page.", "The dates inside the passage are the period covered by the return, not the letter date. Mention of entry into Zaragoza does not supply a writing-place dateline." ], "themeId": "battle" }, { "id": "incoming-1809-04-17-napoleon-davout", "date": "1809-04-17", "time": "10:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "donauworth", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Concentrate behind the Lech", "summary": "Arriving at Donauwörth, Napoleon orders Davout to withdraw towards Ingolstadt by Neustadt and keep his troops together. He assigns Lefebvre a supporting role and asks for urgent intelligence about Austrian columns. The threatened recipient address at Ratisbonne is not used as a Davout position.", "excerptFrench": "Repliez-vous avec toutes vos troupes sur Ingolstadt. Je donne ordre au duc de Danzig de tenir en respect le corps de Landshut et de protéger votre mouvement.", "translationEnglish": "Fall back with all your troops towards Ingolstadt. I am ordering the Duke of Danzig to keep the force at Landshut in check and protect your movement.", "sourceId": "napoleon-apr1809", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-avril-1809/", "letterSourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-avril-1809/", "page": "Web transcription; no printed pagination supplied for this item", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Complete individual letter, recipient heading, dateline and quoted passage inspected in the Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire correspondence web transcription. Printed scan and underlying manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Transcribed dateline: Donauwoerth, 17 avril 1809, dix heures du matin Recipient heading: Au maréchal Davout, duc d’Auerstaedt, commandant le 3e corps de l’armée d’Allemagne, à Ratisbonne", "The web page attributes this direct letter to Napoleon. Its complete individual transcription was read through the next document boundary. No printed page image or autograph was examined; the transcription does not reproduce a signature for this item.", "Whitespace and soft line-break hyphens have been normalised. Other wording is retained in the selected French excerpt; the English translation is newly prepared.", "The writing-place dateline locates the sender approximately. Recipient addresses, ordered destinations and reported unit positions are not evidence of receipt or of the recipient’s presence. davoutPlaceId remains null.", "The adjacent 11 a.m. item has an inconsistent recipient/title heading in this web transcription; it is excluded. This selection is the distinct 10 a.m. letter addressed to Davout, Duke of Auerstaedt." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "davout-665", "date": "1809-04-18", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "regensburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Enemy reports and a burned bridge before Eckmühl", "summary": "From Ratisbonne, Davout sends Napoleon reports of Austrian pressure and reconnaissance towards Landshut and Straubing. He has heard that the Abensberg bridge was burned and has asked the duc de Danzig to restore it, but has not yet heard from his own cavalry party. Much of the situation is still being assembled from reports.", "excerptFrench": "On m’a rendu compte que le pont d’Abensberg était brûlé. J’ai écrit au duc de Danzig pour qu’on le fasse rétablir. De mon côté, j’ai envoyé sur ce point un parti de cavalerie; je n’ai pas encore de nouvelles.", "translationEnglish": "I have been informed that the bridge at Abensberg was burned. I have written to the duc de Danzig to have it restored. For my part, I have sent a cavalry party to that point; I have no news yet.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced01davogoog/page/n485/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced01davogoog/page/n485/mode/1up", "page": "476–477", "letterNumber": "665", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Printed letter number, recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked in Mazade, volume 2, pp. 476–477. English translation newly prepared. This verifies the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript; the selected printed letter has no separate reproduced autograph signature.", "notes": [ "Dateline: Ratisbonne, 18 avril 1809. Ratisbonne is modern Regensburg.", "The burned bridge is reported intelligence and its repair is requested, not confirmed completed. The stated Austrian losses and identifications elsewhere in the letter are also reports.", "“Je me rends au camp du général Gudin” is an intended movement, not an arrival fix. Abensberg, Landshut and Straubing are not substituted for the sender’s dateline.", "The postscript continues on p. 477 before letter 666; the following Napoleon correspondence in the footnote is separate." ], "themeId": "intelligence" }, { "id": "lannes-1809-04-20-louise-lannes", "date": "1809-04-20", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "louise-lannes", "placeId": "neustadt-donau", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Back beside Napoleon in Bavaria", "summary": "Lannes writes from Neustadt after joining Napoleon at Donauwörth. He expects an engagement within days and confidently predicts an advance to Vienna. These remain expectations; the excerpt does not establish a completed journey to Vienna.", "excerptFrench": "Je suis arrivé à Donawerth au moment où Sa Majesté montait en voiture ; je suis parti avec Elle. Nous sommes en présence de l’ennemi ; nous aurons une affaire d’ici à deux jours, nous le rosserons et nous serons bientôt à Vienne. Mon arrivée auprès de l’Empereur lui a fait le plus grand plaisir. Il m’a dit les choses les plus agréables.", "translationEnglish": "I arrived at Donauwörth just as His Majesty was getting into his carriage; I left with him. We are facing the enemy. We shall have an engagement within two days; we shall give them a beating and soon be in Vienna. My arrival beside the Emperor gave him the greatest pleasure. He said the most agreeable things to me.", "sourceId": "thoumas1891-lannes", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n300/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n300/mode/1up", "page": "p. 278", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Editorial date, recipient attribution, selected quoted French passage and quotation boundaries visually checked against the 1891 printed scan. The extract has no signature; neither the full underlying letter nor an autograph manuscript was examined. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Thoumas supplies the day and month in his editorial introduction; 1809 comes from the surrounding campaign chronology. This is an extract within a biography, not a separately reproduced full dateline or signature.", "The editor explicitly identifies the writing town when introducing the letter. This is an editorial location attribution, not an inspected autograph dateline.", "The editor states that on 20 April Lannes wrote de Neustadt à la maréchale. The April 1809 date is supplied by the immediate campaign chronology on pp. 277–278.", "The identification as Neustadt an der Donau is contextual: the letter places Lannes beside Napoleon in the Bavarian campaign. Municipal history records Napoleon’s troops stopping at this Neustadt on 20 April 1809 en route to Abensberg. It is not Wiener Neustadt; the coordinate marks only the modern reference town." ], "themeId": "movement" }, { "id": "davout-678", "date": "1809-04-21", "time": "19:00", "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "eckmuhl-heights", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Ammunition exhausted on the heights of Eckmühl", "summary": "At seven in the evening Davout sends General Piré to explain his position to Napoleon. His ammunition is exhausted and he does not expect the artillery park before the following evening. This short dispatch belongs to the fighting on 21 April, before the main battle of 22 April.", "excerptFrench": "Sire, j’envoie à Votre Majesté le général Piré, qui, ayant tout vu, aura l’honneur de lui rendre compte de ma position. Mes munitions sont épuisées, et quelque diligence que l’on fasse, je n’aurai pas mon parc avant demain au soir.", "translationEnglish": "Sire, I am sending Your Majesty General Piré, who, having seen everything, will have the honour of reporting my position to you. My ammunition is exhausted, and however much haste is made, I shall not have my artillery park before tomorrow evening.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v2", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced01davogoog/page/n496/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced01davogoog/page/n496/mode/1up", "page": "487", "letterNumber": "678", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Printed letter number, recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked in Mazade, volume 2, pp. 487. English translation newly prepared. This verifies the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript; the selected printed letter has no separate reproduced autograph signature.", "notes": [ "Dateline: Des hauteurs d’Eckmühl, 21 avril 1809, sept heures du soir. Writing time: 19:00.", "The unspecified heights are not mapped to the centre of Eckmühl or to an invented headquarters. eckmuhl-heights retains null coordinates.", "“Parc” here is the artillery park or reserve train. The expectation for the next evening is not proof of arrival.", "The long footnotes and neighbouring letter 677 are separate from this short letter." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "incoming-1809-04-22-napoleon-lannes", "date": "1809-04-22", "time": "03:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "landshut", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Lannes to move towards Davout at Eckmühl", "summary": "Napoleon tells Lannes that Davout remains engaged and orders an early movement towards Ergoltsbach and Eckmühl. He places Gudin and Morand’s divisions under Lannes for the operation and promises support from Masséna. This creates a documented operational connection between the lanes without inventing a reply.", "excerptFrench": "Je désire que vous partiez de manière à être arrivé à sept heures à Ergoltsbach; vous prendrez en passant à Essenbach la division Saint-Sulpice.", "translationEnglish": "I want you to leave in time to reach Ergoltsbach at seven o’clock; on passing through Essenbach, you will take Saint-Sulpice’s division with you.", "sourceId": "napoleon-apr1809", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-avril-1809/", "letterSourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-avril-1809/", "page": "Web transcription; no printed pagination supplied for this item", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Complete individual letter, recipient heading, dateline and quoted passage inspected in the Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire correspondence web transcription. Printed scan and underlying manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Transcribed dateline: Landshut, 22 avril 1809, trois heures du matin Recipient heading: Au maréchal Lannes, duc de Montebello, commandant le 2e corps de l’armée d’Allemagne, à Landshut", "The web page attributes this direct letter to Napoleon. Its complete individual transcription was read through the next document boundary. No printed page image or autograph was examined; the transcription does not reproduce a signature for this item.", "Whitespace and soft line-break hyphens have been normalised. Other wording is retained in the selected French excerpt; the English translation is newly prepared.", "The writing-place dateline locates the sender approximately. Recipient addresses, ordered destinations and reported unit positions are not evidence of receipt or of the recipient’s presence. davoutPlaceId remains null.", "03:00 is the writing time in the dateline. The seven o’clock arrival is a desired future movement, not the letter time or an observed arrival." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "incoming-1809-04-26-napoleon-davout", "date": "1809-04-26", "time": "04:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "regensburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Conjecture or testimony?", "summary": "Before leaving Ratisbonne, Napoleon asks Davout for advance-guard reports and challenges the basis of his belief that the enemy is retreating on Passau. The question preserves a distinction between an inference and testimony from the field.", "excerptFrench": "est-ce conjecture, ou votre opinion est-elle appuyée sur des témoignages ?", "translationEnglish": "Is this conjecture, or is your opinion supported by testimony?", "sourceId": "napoleon-apr1809", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-avril-1809/", "letterSourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-avril-1809/", "page": "Web transcription; no printed pagination supplied for this item", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Complete individual letter, recipient heading, dateline and quoted passage inspected in the Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire correspondence web transcription. Printed scan and underlying manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Transcribed dateline: Ratisbonne, 26 avril 1809, quatre heures du matin Recipient heading: Au maréchal Davout, duc d’Auerstaedt, commandant le 3e corps de l’armée d’Allemagne, à Regenstauf", "The web page attributes this direct letter to Napoleon. Its complete individual transcription was read through the next document boundary. No printed page image or autograph was examined; the transcription does not reproduce a signature for this item.", "Whitespace and soft line-break hyphens have been normalised. Other wording is retained in the selected French excerpt; the English translation is newly prepared.", "The writing-place dateline locates the sender approximately. Recipient addresses, ordered destinations and reported unit positions are not evidence of receipt or of the recipient’s presence. davoutPlaceId remains null." ], "themeId": "intelligence" }, { "id": "lannes-1809-05-16-louise-lannes", "date": "1809-05-16", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "lannes", "recipientId": "louise-lannes", "placeId": "vienna", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Before crossing the Danube", "summary": "In a letter catalogued as written at Vienna, Lannes tells Louise that the enemy appears to be retiring into Moravia. He hopes to cross the Danube and advance within two or three days. The prediction belongs to 16 May; it is not proof that the crossing or a decisive victory had already occurred.", "excerptFrench": "Il paraît que l’ennemi se retire dans la Moravie, nous espérons passer le Danube et marcher à lui dans deux ou trois jours. Encore une bataille, il en est fait de la maison de Lorraine.", "translationEnglish": "It seems that the enemy is withdrawing into Moravia. We hope to cross the Danube and march against him within two or three days. One more battle, and it will be the end of the House of Lorraine.", "sourceId": "manuscripta-lannes-1809-05-16", "sourceUrl": "https://www.autographes-manuscripta.com/catalogue/le-marechal-jean-lannes-lettre-autographe-signee/", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.autographes-manuscripta.com/catalogue/le-marechal-jean-lannes-lettre-autographe-signee/", "page": null, "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Date, writing-town and addressee attribution, and the displayed French paragraph, checked against the public dealer catalogue transcription on 25 October 2026. No manuscript image or printed facsimile was successfully inspected for this record. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "The heading gives Vienne, 16 mai 1809 and describes an autograph signed letter to Louise Guéheneuc. This catalogue is the inspected witness; authentication and ownership were not assessed.", "Only a continuous passage from the transcribed letter is reproduced. Dealer-supplied bracketed biographical explanations and the modern historical narrative are excluded.", "The listing’s introductory statement that Lannes was killed six days later conflates wounding with death. It is not adopted: separate context entries date his wounding 22 May and death 31 May 1809 using other sources.", "This is the latest outgoing letter selected for this bounded extension, not a claim that it is his last surviving letter. No invented letter or speech fills 16–31 May.", "Vienna is a cataloguer-attributed writing origin. The Danube crossing and Moravia are anticipated actions or destinations, not additional positions." ], "themeId": "bridge" }, { "id": "incoming-1809-05-17-napoleon-lannes", "date": "1809-05-17", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "vienna", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Keep the enemy watching Nussdorf", "summary": "In a short direct order from Schönbrunn, Napoleon tells Lannes to continue demonstrations of a crossing at Nussdorf to keep the enemy alert. It records a diversionary instruction before the Danube fighting, not proof that a crossing took place there.", "excerptFrench": "Ordonnez qu’on continue à faire à Nussdorf des démonstrations de passage, pour tenir en haleine l’ennemi.", "translationEnglish": "Order the demonstrations of a crossing at Nussdorf to continue, to keep the enemy on the alert.", "sourceId": "napoleon-may1809", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-mai-1809/", "letterSourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-mai-1809/", "page": "Web transcription; no printed pagination supplied for this item", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Complete individual letter, recipient heading, dateline and quoted passage inspected in the Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire correspondence web transcription. Printed scan and underlying manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Transcribed dateline: Schönbrunn, 17 mai 1809 Recipient heading: Au maréchal Lannes, duc de Montebello, commandant le 2e corps de l’armée d’Allemagne, à Nussdorf.", "The web page attributes this direct letter to Napoleon. Its complete individual transcription was read through the next document boundary. No printed page image or autograph was examined; the transcription does not reproduce a signature for this item.", "Whitespace and soft line-break hyphens have been normalised. Other wording is retained in the selected French excerpt; the English translation is newly prepared.", "The writing-place dateline locates the sender approximately. Recipient addresses, ordered destinations and reported unit positions are not evidence of receipt or of the recipient’s presence. davoutPlaceId remains null.", "The sender’s dateline is Schönbrunn. The existing Vienna marker is reused only as a broad city/area marker; it does not identify an exact room or headquarters. Nussdorf is the recipient address and object of the order, not a mapped Lannes position." ], "themeId": "bridge" }, { "id": "davout-815", "date": "1809-07-07", "time": "05:15", "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "deutsch-wagram", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "After Wagram: positions known, losses still incomplete", "summary": "At 5:15 a.m., Davout says Berthier’s overnight courier has only just arrived after losing his way. He gives the corps’ positions, but cannot yet supply the casualty return requested overnight. Despite losses of gunners and horses and disabled pieces, he estimates seventy to eighty guns could still be available.", "excerptFrench": "Je ne peux pour le moment adresser à Votre Altesse un état de situation d’après les pertes d’hier; il a été demandé dans la nuit. Aussitôt qu’il me sera parvenu, je le transmettrai à Votre Altesse.", "translationEnglish": "For the moment I cannot send Your Highness a strength return accounting for yesterday’s losses; it was requested during the night. As soon as it reaches me, I shall forward it to Your Highness.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v3", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced00davogoog/page/n92/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced00davogoog/page/n92/mode/1up", "page": "83", "letterNumber": "815", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Printed letter number, recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked in Mazade, volume 3, pp. 83. English translation newly prepared. This verifies the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript; the selected printed letter has no separate reproduced autograph signature.", "notes": [ "Dateline: Deutsch-Wagram, 7 juillet 1809, cinq heures un quart du matin. Writing time: 05:15.", "The seventy-to-eighty-gun figure is explicitly an estimate. The letter says the casualty return has not yet arrived; no precise losses are reconstructed.", "Divisional positions and an appended deserter statement are reported information, not additional Davout locations. The separate report at the top of p. 83 belongs to the preceding letter." ], "themeId": "battle" }, { "id": "davout-899", "date": "1810-04-15", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "clarke", "placeId": "compiegne", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "After the campaign: a disputed Salzburg boundary", "summary": "Davout forwards General Pernetti’s report on disputed points in the demarcation of the Salzburg frontier. He asks the minister of war to put it before Napoleon and communicate the Emperor’s wishes. The attachment and the eventual decision are not reproduced in this brief letter.", "excerptFrench": "Je prie Votre Excellence de mettre ce rapport sous les yeux de l’Empereur, et de me faire connaître les intentions de Sa Majesté à cet égard.", "translationEnglish": "I ask Your Excellency to place this report before the Emperor and to let me know His Majesty’s wishes on the matter.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v3", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced00davogoog/page/n197/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced00davogoog/page/n197/mode/1up", "page": "176", "letterNumber": "899", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Printed letter number, recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked in Mazade, volume 3, pp. 176. English translation newly prepared. This verifies the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript; the selected printed letter has no separate reproduced autograph signature.", "notes": [ "Heading: Au ministre de la guerre, duc de Feltre. Dateline: Compiègne, 15 avril 1810.", "The recipient is Clarke, duc de Feltre; his identity is supplied separately from the printed office and title.", "Compiègne is the writing town. Salzburg is the subject of the boundary dispute, not a Davout location. The report’s contents and the eventual settlement are not inferred." ], "themeId": "politics" }, { "id": "incoming-1810-10-04-napoleon-davout", "date": "1810-10-04", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "fontainebleau", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Move headquarters to Hamburg and rebuild its means", "summary": "Napoleon orders Davout’s headquarters moved from Hanover to Hamburg, with artillery, engineers and tools. He criticises the army’s organisation and requests a complete establishment of infantry, cavalry, guns, ammunition vehicles and bridging personnel. These are specified requirements, not verified holdings.", "excerptFrench": "Mon Cousin, je donne ordre que votre quartier général soit porté de Hanovre à Hambourg", "translationEnglish": "My cousin, I am ordering your headquarters to be moved from Hanover to Hamburg.", "sourceId": "napoleon-oct1810", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-octobre-1810/", "letterSourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-octobre-1810/", "page": "Web transcription; no printed pagination supplied for this item", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Complete individual letter, recipient heading, dateline and quoted passage inspected in the Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire correspondence web transcription. Printed scan and underlying manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Transcribed dateline: Fontainebleau, 4 octobre 1810 Recipient heading: Au maréchal Davout, prince d’Eckmühl, commandant l’armée d’Allemagne, à Fontainebleau", "The web page attributes this direct letter to Napoleon. Its complete individual transcription was read through the next document boundary. No printed page image or autograph was examined; the transcription does not reproduce a signature for this item.", "Whitespace and soft line-break hyphens have been normalised. Other wording is retained in the selected French excerpt; the English translation is newly prepared.", "The writing-place dateline locates the sender approximately. Recipient addresses, ordered destinations and reported unit positions are not evidence of receipt or of the recipient’s presence. davoutPlaceId remains null.", "This is the second of three consecutive direct letters to Davout dated 4 October on this page, identifiable by its opening about moving headquarters. No other same-day item is included." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "davout-954", "date": "1811-04-25", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "hamburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "When two sets of formation orders diverge", "summary": "Davout alerts Napoleon to a misunderstanding over new sixth battalions. He has already sent their cadres towards the depots under earlier instructions; a later letter expects the cadres to be formed with the army. He hopes his warning will arrive soon enough for Napoleon to order the new battalions organised at the depots instead.", "excerptFrench": "Je m’empresse, Sire, de faire connaître à Votre Majesté qu’il arrive un malentendu dans l’exécution de ses intentions. Je vais entrer dans des explications.", "translationEnglish": "I hasten, Sire, to inform Your Majesty that a misunderstanding has arisen in carrying out your intentions. I shall explain.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v3", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced00davogoog/page/n254/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced00davogoog/page/n255/mode/1up", "page": "233–235", "letterNumber": "954", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Printed letter number, recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked in Mazade, volume 3, pp. 233–235. English translation newly prepared. This verifies the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript; the selected printed letter has no separate reproduced autograph signature.", "notes": [ "Dateline: Hambourg, le 25 avril 1811. The selected passage is on p. 234.", "The letter quotes Napoleon’s letters of 12 and 15 April and discusses a letter of the 20th. Those quoted instructions are not entered as new independent outgoing letters here.", "Davout says the cadres should already be approaching the Rhine when his letter is received. This forecast is not a confirmed arrival or a separate location fix.", "The attached decree is referred to but not reproduced as a separate artefact in this selection." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "incoming-1811-09-12-napoleon-davout", "date": "1811-09-12", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "compiegne", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "An army commander’s authority over movement orders", "summary": "Napoleon supports Davout’s control over movement orders and approves retaining promoted officers until their replacements arrive. The letter explicitly describes Davout as commanding an army, helping distinguish the office from a division command.", "excerptFrench": "Tout doit vous être d’abord adressé ; vous seul devez savoir ce qu’il y a à faire, puisque vous commandez une armée et non pas une division.", "translationEnglish": "Everything must first be addressed to you; you alone must know what is to be done, since you command an army and not a division.", "sourceId": "napoleon-sep1811", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-septembre-1811/", "letterSourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-septembre-1811/", "page": "Web transcription; no printed pagination supplied for this item", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Complete individual letter, recipient heading, dateline and quoted passage inspected in the Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire correspondence web transcription. Printed scan and underlying manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Transcribed dateline: Compiègne, 12 septembre 1811 Recipient heading: Au maréchal Davout, prince d’Eckmühl, commandant l’armée d’Allemagne, à Hambourg", "The web page attributes this direct letter to Napoleon. Its complete individual transcription was read through the next document boundary. No printed page image or autograph was examined; the transcription does not reproduce a signature for this item.", "Whitespace and soft line-break hyphens have been normalised. Other wording is retained in the selected French excerpt; the English translation is newly prepared.", "The writing-place dateline locates the sender approximately. Recipient addresses, ordered destinations and reported unit positions are not evidence of receipt or of the recipient’s presence. davoutPlaceId remains null.", "The first sentence of the web transcription omits a negative particle in the statement about the war minister. It is not quoted or silently repaired here; the selected passage and final approval are unambiguous. The preceding same-day coastal-fortification letter is a separate document." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "incoming-1812-06-08-napoleon-davout", "date": "1812-06-08", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "gdansk", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "The Niemen must be measured, not guessed", "summary": "Napoleon returns an officer sent by Davout after questioning his reconnaissance of the Niemen. He complains that the width at Kovno was estimated rather than measured and warns that such work could mislead Davout. The asserted error is Napoleon’s criticism, not an independently verified survey result.", "excerptFrench": "Si cet officier a l’habitude de faire ainsi ses reconnaissances et de se tromper des deux tiers, il vous induira souvent en erreur.", "translationEnglish": "If this officer is accustomed to conducting reconnaissance in this way and being wrong by two-thirds, he will often mislead you.", "sourceId": "napoleon-jun1812", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-juin-1812/", "letterSourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-juin-1812/", "page": "Web transcription; no printed pagination supplied for this item", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Complete individual letter, recipient heading, dateline and quoted passage inspected in the Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire correspondence web transcription. Printed scan and underlying manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Transcribed dateline: Danzig, 8 juin 1812. Recipient heading: Au maréchal Davout, prince d’Eckmühl, commandant le 1er corps de la Grande Armée, à Elbing", "The web page attributes this direct letter to Napoleon. Its complete individual transcription was read through the next document boundary. No printed page image or autograph was examined; the transcription does not reproduce a signature for this item.", "Whitespace and soft line-break hyphens have been normalised. Other wording is retained in the selected French excerpt; the English translation is newly prepared.", "The writing-place dateline locates the sender approximately. Recipient addresses, ordered destinations and reported unit positions are not evidence of receipt or of the recipient’s presence. davoutPlaceId remains null." ], "themeId": "maps" }, { "id": "davout-1052", "date": "1812-06-13", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "macdonald", "placeId": "tapiau", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Shallow water threatens the invasion’s supplies", "summary": "Davout asks Macdonald to procure shallow-draught boats for the route from Königsberg towards Insterburg. Supplies are already stalled near Tapiau for want of transport. He urges the use of active Prussian officers and coercive military enforcement against slow local officials and owners, rather than relying only on letters to civil authorities.", "excerptFrench": "Nous avons déjà plus de 15,000 quintaux qui sont arrêtés dans les environs de Tapiau, faute de moyens de transport.", "translationEnglish": "We already have more than 15,000 quintals held up around Tapiau for lack of transport.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v3", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced00davogoog/page/n374/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced00davogoog/page/n375/mode/1up", "page": "353–354", "letterNumber": "1052", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Printed letter number, recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked in Mazade, volume 3, pp. 353–354. English translation newly prepared. This verifies the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript; the selected printed letter has no separate reproduced autograph signature.", "notes": [ "Heading: Au maréchal duc de Tarente. Dateline: Tapiau, 13 juin 1812. The recipient is Macdonald.", "Tapiau is the writing town. The wider waterway and intended destination are not a travelled route for Davout.", "The period unit quintaux is retained as quintals; no unverified modern tonnage conversion is supplied.", "The letter advocates “exécutions militaires” against baillis and proprietors who delay compliance. In this administrative context the summary describes coercive military enforcement, without silently translating the phrase as the killing of those people.", "The selected short passage is on p. 354. The account does not establish subsequent delivery." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "davout-1068", "date": "1812-07-25", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "mogilev", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "At Mohilew: conditional command over Jérôme’s troops", "summary": "Davout acknowledges instructions that Jérôme’s troops should join the 1st Corps quickly and that, if the forces meet, he will command the combined force for the duration of their union. He promises to cooperate with the king of Westphalia. This letter records the conditional arrangement, not a completed junction.", "excerptFrench": "Votre Altesse peut être assurée que si la circonstance s’en présente, je ne négligerai rien pour m’entendre avec Sa Majesté le roi de Westphalie et me concerter avec lui sur tout ce qui intéresse le service de l’Empereur.", "translationEnglish": "Your Highness may be assured that, should the occasion arise, I shall neglect nothing in reaching an understanding with His Majesty the king of Westphalia and coordinating with him on everything concerning the Emperor’s service.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v3", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced00davogoog/page/n390/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced00davogoog/page/n390/mode/1up", "page": "369", "letterNumber": "1068", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Printed letter number, recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked in Mazade, volume 3, pp. 369. English translation newly prepared. This verifies the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript; the selected printed letter has no separate reproduced autograph signature.", "notes": [ "Dateline: Mohilew, 25 juillet 1812. The writing town is Mogilev in present-day Belarus.", "The recipient is Berthier, not Jérôme. Jérôme is discussed in the letter; his whereabouts and receipt are not established.", "The substantial editorial footnote gives Mazade’s interpretation of the command dispute. It is not the body of Davout’s brief acknowledgment, and its judgments are not silently adopted." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "incoming-1812-09-02-napoleon-davout", "date": "1812-09-02", "time": "03:00", "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "gzhatsk", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Congestion on the approach to Borodino", "summary": "From Gzhatsk, Napoleon rebukes Davout for the previous day’s march: engineers had not adequately repaired crossings, baggage crowded the defile and vehicles pressed ahead of the vanguard. He warns that the disorder could compromise the army. This remains the sender’s assessment of the march.", "excerptFrench": "Prenez des mesures pour remédier à un aussi mauvais ordre, qui peut essentiellement compromettre toute l’armée.", "translationEnglish": "Take measures to remedy such disorder, which could seriously compromise the whole army.", "sourceId": "napoleon-sep1812", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-septembre-1812/", "letterSourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-ier-septembre-1812/", "page": "Web transcription; no printed pagination supplied for this item", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Complete individual letter, recipient heading, dateline and quoted passage inspected in the Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire correspondence web transcription. Printed scan and underlying manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Transcribed dateline: Ghjatsk, 2 septembre 1812, trois heures du matin. Recipient heading: Au maréchal Davout, prince d’Eckmühl, commandant le 1er corps de la Grande Armée, à Ghjatsk.", "The web page attributes this direct letter to Napoleon. Its complete individual transcription was read through the next document boundary. No printed page image or autograph was examined; the transcription does not reproduce a signature for this item.", "Whitespace and soft line-break hyphens have been normalised. Other wording is retained in the selected French excerpt; the English translation is newly prepared.", "The writing-place dateline locates the sender approximately. Recipient addresses, ordered destinations and reported unit positions are not evidence of receipt or of the recipient’s presence. davoutPlaceId remains null." ], "themeId": "movement" }, { "id": "davout-1137", "date": "1812-11-12", "time": "01:00", "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "smolensk", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "At Smolensk: supporting a reduction of the artillery", "summary": "At one in the morning Davout forwards Pernetti’s report arguing that the 1st Corps’ artillery matériel must be reduced. He supports its conclusions. The terse cover letter provides neither the number of guns to be abandoned nor the report’s detailed reasons.", "excerptFrench": "Monseigneur, j’ai l’honneur d’adresser à Votre Altesse Sérénissime un rapport du général Pernetti, sur la nécessité de réduire le matériel de l’artillerie du 1er corps. Les observations de M. le général Pernetti m’ayant paru fondées, je ne puis que les appuyer.", "translationEnglish": "Monseigneur, I have the honour to send Your Serene Highness a report by General Pernetti on the need to reduce the 1st Corps’ artillery matériel. General Pernetti’s observations appear well founded to me, and I can only support them.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v3", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced00davogoog/page/n447/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced00davogoog/page/n447/mode/1up", "page": "426", "letterNumber": "1137", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Printed letter number, recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked in Mazade, volume 3, pp. 426. English translation newly prepared. This verifies the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript; the selected printed letter has no separate reproduced autograph signature.", "notes": [ "Dateline: Smolensk, 12 novembre 1812, une heure du matin. Writing time: 01:00.", "The cover letter does not quantify losses or state specific causes such as a particular horse shortage. Those details are not invented from the wider history of the retreat.", "The separate memoir extract in the page footnote is not part of this letter." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "davout-1138", "date": "1812-11-22", "time": "08:00", "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": null, "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "The retreat: stragglers keep rejoining from every side", "summary": "Davout reports the rear guard’s positions beyond Orcha and enemy artillery pressure. He describes large numbers of stragglers dispersing into villages and returning from different directions, making order difficult to maintain. He says the artillery handed to him at Orcha has rejoined the corps, while reporting disorder among other detachments.", "excerptFrench": "Les colonnes de traînards de tous les corps d’armée sont toujours très-nombreuses. Il est impossible de remédier à cet embarras, attendu qu’ils se jettent dans les villages, à droite et à gauche de la route, et viennent ensuite nous rejoindre par toutes les directions.", "translationEnglish": "The columns of stragglers from all the army corps are still very numerous. It is impossible to remedy this difficulty, since they scatter into the villages to the right and left of the road and then come back to join us from every direction.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v3", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced00davogoog/page/n447/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced00davogoog/page/n447/mode/1up", "page": "426–427", "letterNumber": "1138", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Printed letter number, recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked in Mazade, volume 3, pp. 426–427. English translation newly prepared. This verifies the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript; the selected printed letter has no separate reproduced autograph signature.", "notes": [ "Dateline: Au bivouac, 22 novembre 1812, huit heures du matin. Writing time: 08:00; no named writing place is given.", "placeId remains null. Orcha, the ravines and the reported rear-guard positions do not locate Davout’s unspecified bivouac precisely.", "The dated writing event is not moved back to 21 November because he says he evacuated Orcha on the previous day.", "The digitised p. 427 has a clipped left margin. The selected excerpt and dateline are fully legible on p. 426; no clipped proper name is used in the summary." ], "themeId": "movement" }, { "id": "incoming-1813-03-02-napoleon-davout", "date": "1813-03-02", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "paris", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Rebuild the corps and hold the Elbe crossings", "summary": "Napoleon orders Davout to Wittenberg to organise newly forming battalions, artillery and training. He plans protection of the crossings at Wittenberg and Dessau, with contingencies if the army must fall back. The numbers are planned formations in the letter, not a verified field strength.", "excerptFrench": "Je n’ai pas besoin de vous dire qu’il faut porter le plus grand soin à discipliner les troupes, à faire faire l’exercice à feu, tirer à la cible, et former des colonnes d’attaque et des bataillons carrés contre la cavalerie.", "translationEnglish": "I need not tell you that the greatest care must be taken to discipline the troops, practise live firing and target shooting, and form attack columns and battalion squares against cavalry.", "sourceId": "napoleon-mar1813", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-mars-1813/", "letterSourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-mars-1813/", "page": "Web transcription; no printed pagination supplied for this item", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Complete individual letter, recipient heading, dateline and quoted passage inspected in the Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire correspondence web transcription. Printed scan and underlying manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Transcribed dateline: Paris, 2 mars 1813. Recipient heading: Au maréchal Davout, prince d’Eckmühl, commandant le 1er corps de la Grande Armée, à Magdebourg", "The web page attributes this direct letter to Napoleon. Its complete individual transcription was read through the next document boundary. No printed page image or autograph was examined; the transcription does not reproduce a signature for this item.", "Whitespace and soft line-break hyphens have been normalised. Other wording is retained in the selected French excerpt; the English translation is newly prepared.", "The writing-place dateline locates the sender approximately. Recipient addresses, ordered destinations and reported unit positions are not evidence of receipt or of the recipient’s presence. davoutPlaceId remains null." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "davout-1349", "date": "1813-05-31", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "hamburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Hamburg retaken: guns counted, rumours distinguished", "summary": "Davout reports finding guns, ammunition and restored defences after the enemy’s evacuation of Hamburg. He says the civic guard is being disarmed. His account of possible Swedish and allied arrangements is explicitly presented as rumour; he asks for authority before employing the Danish corps placed at the French commander’s disposal.", "excerptFrench": "Je ne donne ceci que comme des bruits qui circulent en ville. L’armée suédoise est entre Stralsund et Gadebusch, à ce qu’on dit. Je n’ai pas encore de données positives.", "translationEnglish": "I give this only as rumours circulating in the town. The Swedish army is between Stralsund and Gadebusch, according to what is being said. I do not yet have definite information.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v4", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced02davogoog/page/n146/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced02davogoog/page/n147/mode/1up", "page": "137–138", "letterNumber": "1349", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Printed letter number, recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked in Mazade, volume 4, pp. 137–138. English translation newly prepared. This verifies the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript; the selected printed letter has no separate reproduced autograph signature.", "notes": [ "Dateline: Hambourg, 31 mai 1813. The selected passage is on p. 138.", "The figures for captured guns and ammunition are Davout’s inventory report. The allied arrangements and Swedish location remain expressly unconfirmed intelligence.", "The letter says the Danish corps is available but Davout will not use it without imperial authorisation. Availability is not an order already executed.", "This is a French commander’s account of reoccupation, not a neutral account of its consequences for Hamburg’s inhabitants." ], "themeId": "intelligence" }, { "id": "davout-1350", "date": "1813-05-31", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "hamburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Executing arrest orders against Hamburg’s opponents", "summary": "Davout explains his difficulty carrying out orders for arrests and trials of Hamburg senators and people who joined the Hanseatic Legion: many have fled, dispersed or gone to Denmark. If Napoleon insists on rapid enforcement, he asks whether he may formally demand their surrender from the Danish government. He also seeks instructions on foreign officers and deserters returning voluntarily.", "excerptFrench": "Si l’Empereur tient absolument à la prompte exécution des mesures de sévérité ordonnées contre eux, je prie Votre Altesse de prendre les ordres de Sa Majesté pour savoir si elle m’autorise à les réclamer officiellement au gouvernement danois.", "translationEnglish": "If the Emperor insists on the prompt execution of the severe measures ordered against them, I ask Your Highness to obtain His Majesty’s orders as to whether he authorises me to demand them officially from the Danish government.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v4", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced02davogoog/page/n147/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced02davogoog/page/n148/mode/1up", "page": "138–139", "letterNumber": "1350", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Printed letter number, recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked in Mazade, volume 4, pp. 138–139. English translation newly prepared. This verifies the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript; the selected printed letter has no separate reproduced autograph signature.", "notes": [ "Dateline: Hambourg, 31 mai 1813. This is a separate letter from no. 1349 on the same day; no ordering within the day is invented.", "The opening explicitly identifies arrests and trials. “Exécution des mesures” means carrying out the measures; the excerpt is not itself an order for executions.", "The letter seeks authority for a demand to Denmark. It does not prove that the people were surrendered, arrested or tried.", "The selected passage is on p. 139. The subsequent letter 1351 contains separate instructions and is not silently merged into this document." ], "themeId": "politics" }, { "id": "incoming-1813-06-15-napoleon-davout", "date": "1813-06-15", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "dresden", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Hamburg must become a stocked fortress", "summary": "Napoleon weighs the political and military value of Hamburg against the troops it absorbs. He outlines possible detachments, defensive contingencies and supplies, insisting that the city be fortified and provisioned for months. The proposed movements and resources are conditional plans, not a record of what Davout had already completed.", "excerptFrench": "La possession de Hambourg est de la plus haute importance politique et d’une grande importance militaire; et je ne puis être tranquille sur ce point important que lorsque Hambourg pourra être regardé comme une place forte, qu’il sera approvisionné pour plusieurs mois et muni de tout ce qui est nécessaire pour la défense.", "translationEnglish": "Possession of Hamburg is of the highest political importance and great military importance; I cannot feel secure about this important point until Hamburg can be regarded as a fortress, provisioned for several months and equipped with everything necessary for its defence.", "sourceId": "napoleon-jun1813", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-juin-1813/3/", "letterSourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-juin-1813/3/", "page": "Web transcription; no printed pagination supplied for this item", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Complete individual letter, recipient heading, dateline and quoted passage inspected in the Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire correspondence web transcription. Printed scan and underlying manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Transcribed dateline: Dresde, 15 juin 1813. Recipient heading: Au maréchal Davout, prince d’Eckmühl, commandant le 1er corps de la Grande Armée, à Hambourg", "The web page attributes this direct letter to Napoleon. Its complete individual transcription was read through the next document boundary. No printed page image or autograph was examined; the transcription does not reproduce a signature for this item.", "Whitespace and soft line-break hyphens have been normalised. Other wording is retained in the selected French excerpt; the English translation is newly prepared.", "The writing-place dateline locates the sender approximately. Recipient addresses, ordered destinations and reported unit positions are not evidence of receipt or of the recipient’s presence. davoutPlaceId remains null." ], "themeId": "fortifications" }, { "id": "davout-1480", "date": "1813-11-06", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "napoleon", "placeId": "ratzeburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Isolated near Hamburg: money and defensive works", "summary": "Davout says the last letter he has from Napoleon is dated 16 August and that regular orders have failed to reach him. With contributions drying up, he has authorised taking bullion from Hamburg’s bank to sustain expenditure, including defensive works. He reports the Hamburg–Harburg bridge complete and describes the army’s positions. His letter explains and justifies coercive funding; it does not establish the legality or civilian effects of that seizure.", "excerptFrench": "La dernière lettre que j’ai de Votre Majesté est du 16 août. Je n’ai reçu aucun ordre du major général; j’ai reçu seulement quelques nominations d’officiers, mais sans lettre d’envoi et sans me faire connaître ni la date, ni le lieu de l’expédition.", "translationEnglish": "The last letter I have from Your Majesty is dated 16 August. I have received no order from the major general; I have received only a few officers’ appointments, without a covering letter and without being told either the date or the place of dispatch.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v4", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced02davogoog/page/n291/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced02davogoog/page/n291/mode/1up", "page": "282–284", "letterNumber": "1480", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Printed letter number, recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked in Mazade, volume 4, pp. 282–284. English translation newly prepared. This verifies the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript; the selected printed letter has no separate reproduced autograph signature.", "notes": [ "Dateline: Ratzebourg, 6 novembre 1813. Ratzebourg is modern Ratzeburg; Hamburg is the subject of many measures, not the writing place.", "The excerpt runs from p. 282 to p. 283. The bank passage on p. 283 says eleven million in bullion were found and would be converted into cash as needed unless merchants advanced funds.", "The completed bridge and defensive works are reported by Davout. The letter’s explanations and the editor’s sympathetic footnotes are not independent corroboration.", "The statement about the last imperial letter describes his receipt history, not proof that no later imperial letter was written or sent." ], "themeId": "fortifications" }, { "id": "incoming-1815-03-21-napoleon-davout", "date": "1815-03-21", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "paris", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Announce the new war minister by telegraph", "summary": "The day after returning to Paris, Napoleon orders Davout to reorganise commands and announce both his return and Davout’s appointment as war minister by telegraph. The long letter addresses personnel, royalist movements, frontier security and the recall of Guard units. It is evidence of the ministerial role already in operation.", "excerptFrench": "Faites connaître dans la matinée, par le télégraphe, 1° mon entrée à Paris; 2° votre nomination au ministère de la guerre.", "translationEnglish": "Announce this morning, by telegraph, first my entry into Paris, and second your appointment to the ministry of war.", "sourceId": "napoleon-mar1815", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-mars-1815/", "letterSourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-mars-1815/", "page": "Web transcription; no printed pagination supplied for this item", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Complete individual letter, recipient heading, dateline and quoted passage inspected in the Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire correspondence web transcription. Printed scan and underlying manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Transcribed dateline: Paris, 21 mars 1815. Recipient heading: Au maréchal Davout, prince d’Eckmühl, ministre de la guerre.", "The web page attributes this direct letter to Napoleon. Its complete individual transcription was read through the next document boundary. No printed page image or autograph was examined; the transcription does not reproduce a signature for this item.", "Whitespace and soft line-break hyphens have been normalised. Other wording is retained in the selected French excerpt; the English translation is newly prepared.", "The writing-place dateline locates the sender approximately. Recipient addresses, ordered destinations and reported unit positions are not evidence of receipt or of the recipient’s presence. davoutPlaceId remains null.", "The letter’s date is not used to claim that the appointment decree itself was issued that day. Morning, this night and troop movement timings within the body are not a precise writing time; time remains null." ], "themeId": "politics" }, { "id": "davout-1590", "date": "1815-04-15", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "daru", "placeId": null, "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "War minister: clothe the recruits before blue cloth arrives", "summary": "Corps report that they cannot clothe recruits because cloth, money or suitable-quality supplies are lacking. Davout asks Daru to organise a practical response and suggests temporary greatcoats, trousers, waistcoats and gaiters while the usual blue cloth is unavailable. He wants a draft report for Napoleon that day.", "excerptFrench": "Ne pourrait-on pas, en attendant qu’on ait le drap bleu nécessaire, habiller les soldats avec une bonne capote, pantalon, veste et guêtres?", "translationEnglish": "Could we not, while waiting for the necessary blue cloth, clothe the soldiers in a good greatcoat, trousers, waistcoat and gaiters?", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v4", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced02davogoog/page/n450/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced02davogoog/page/n451/mode/1up", "page": "441–442", "letterNumber": "1590", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Printed letter number, recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked in Mazade, volume 4, pp. 441–442. English translation newly prepared. This verifies the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript; the selected printed letter has no separate reproduced autograph signature.", "notes": [ "Heading: Au comte Daru. Dateline: 15 avril 1815. No writing town appears; placeId remains null rather than assuming Paris from the ministerial role.", "The suggestion is a proposal. The letter does not show that alternative clothing was purchased or issued.", "Davout asks for a report within the day, but gives no clock time. The selected passage is on p. 442." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "incoming-1815-06-12-napoleon-davout", "date": "1815-06-12", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "laon", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "The promised supplies are missing", "summary": "From Laon, Napoleon asks Davout to accelerate delivery of artillery and complains that the promised army supplies are absent at both Laon and Soissons. The short letter gives a concrete logistical concern immediately before the Belgian campaign.", "excerptFrench": "Je ne trouve ni à Laon ni à Soissons les approvisionnements que l’on m’avait promis pour l’armée.", "translationEnglish": "I find neither at Laon nor at Soissons the supplies that had been promised to me for the army.", "sourceId": "napoleon-jun1815", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-juin-1815/2/", "letterSourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-juin-1815/2/", "page": "Web transcription; no printed pagination supplied for this item", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Complete individual letter, recipient heading, dateline and quoted passage inspected in the Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire correspondence web transcription. Printed scan and underlying manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Transcribed dateline: Laon, 12 juin 1815. Recipient heading: Au maréchal Davout, prince d’Eckmühl, ministre de la guerre, à Paris.", "The web page attributes this direct letter to Napoleon. Its complete individual transcription was read through the next document boundary. No printed page image or autograph was examined; the transcription does not reproduce a signature for this item.", "Whitespace and soft line-break hyphens have been normalised. Other wording is retained in the selected French excerpt; the English translation is newly prepared.", "The writing-place dateline locates the sender approximately. Recipient addresses, ordered destinations and reported unit positions are not evidence of receipt or of the recipient’s presence. davoutPlaceId remains null.", "This is the third of the three direct letters to Davout dated Laon, 12 June, on the page. The separate letters about Polish soldiers and conscription are not included.", "The preceding sentence places Soissons on the Oise in the transcription; Soissons is on the Aisne. That statement is not adopted as geographic fact, and no Soissons marker is added from this letter." ], "themeId": "supplies" }, { "id": "incoming-1815-06-14-napoleon-davout", "date": "1815-06-14", "time": null, "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "avesnes", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "On the eve of crossing the Sambre", "summary": "From Avesnes, Napoleon tells his war minister that he will cross the Sambre the following day and expects battle if the Prussians remain. He also orders preparations for Paris, Lyon and the eastern frontiers. This is the latest selected direct Napoleon–Davout letter, not a claim that their correspondence ended here.", "excerptFrench": "Mon Cousin, je passerai la Sambre demain 15. Si les Prussiens n’évacuent pas, nous aurons une bataille.", "translationEnglish": "My cousin, I shall cross the Sambre tomorrow, the 15th. If the Prussians do not withdraw, we shall have a battle.", "sourceId": "napoleon-jun1815", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-juin-1815/2/", "letterSourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-juin-1815/2/", "page": "Web transcription; no printed pagination supplied for this item", "letterNumber": null, "verificationLevel": "transcription-checked", "verification": "Complete individual letter, recipient heading, dateline and quoted passage inspected in the Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire correspondence web transcription. Printed scan and underlying manuscript not checked. English translation newly prepared.", "notes": [ "Transcribed dateline: Avesnes, 14 juin 1815, au matin. Recipient heading: Au maréchal Davout, prince d’Eckmühl, ministre de la guerre, à Paris.", "The web page attributes this direct letter to Napoleon. Its complete individual transcription was read through the next document boundary. No printed page image or autograph was examined; the transcription does not reproduce a signature for this item.", "Whitespace and soft line-break hyphens have been normalised. Other wording is retained in the selected French excerpt; the English translation is newly prepared.", "The writing-place dateline locates the sender approximately. Recipient addresses, ordered destinations and reported unit positions are not evidence of receipt or of the recipient’s presence. davoutPlaceId remains null.", "The dateline says only “au matin”; time remains null rather than inventing an exact hour.", "The inspected June page continues with other recipients, general orders, a 20 June army bulletin and the 22 June abdication. None of those is converted into a direct letter to Davout. The gap after 14 June is a selection/source gap, not evidence of silence." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "davout-1773", "date": "1815-06-30", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "massena", "placeId": "paris", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Calling volunteers into the defences of Paris", "summary": "Davout asks Masséna to call willing National Guardsmen into the redoubts defending Paris. He says volunteers have already gone forward against enemy outposts, but limits the proposed service to defending fortifications alongside line troops, with no service outside them. The appeal does not establish how many answered it.", "excerptFrench": "Je vous invite, Monsieur le maréchal, à leur faire un appel: que chaque homme de courage et de bonne volonté vienne dans nos redoutes; aucun service extérieur ne leur sera donné. Ils contribueront seulement, avec les troupes de la ligne, à la défense des fortifications qui couvrent leur foyer.", "translationEnglish": "I invite you, Marshal, to issue an appeal to them: let every willing man of courage come into our redoubts; no service outside them will be assigned to them. They will contribute only, alongside the line troops, to defending the fortifications that protect their homes.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v4", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced02davogoog/page/n590/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced02davogoog/page/n590/mode/1up", "page": "581", "letterNumber": "1773", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Printed letter number, recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked in Mazade, volume 4, pp. 581. English translation newly prepared. This verifies the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript; the selected printed letter has no separate reproduced autograph signature.", "notes": [ "Heading: Au maréchal prince d’Essling. Dateline: Paris, le 30 juin 1815. The recipient is Masséna.", "This letter belongs to the defence of Paris after Waterloo and Napoleon’s abdication, not a battlefield order written at Waterloo.", "The preceding action of volunteers is reported; the appeal and its promised service boundary are instructions, not proof of fulfilment.", "The letters to Blücher and Wellington printed below it are separate documents." ], "themeId": "fortifications" }, { "id": "davout-1824", "date": "1815-07-27", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "gouvion-saint-cyr", "placeId": "bourges", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Protesting the proscriptions and reiterating resignation", "summary": "Davout accepts instructions for dispersing the army but protests the newly published proscriptions. If several named generals are listed for actions taken under his orders as war minister, he says his name should replace theirs. He reiterates his definitive resignation as commander-in-chief and asks that the letter be placed before the king. This is distinct from the actual handover reported on 1 August.", "excerptFrench": "Je vois dans l’article 1er les noms des généraux Gilly, Grouchy, Clausel et Delaborde; s’ils y sont mis pour leur conduite à Pont-Saint-Esprit, Lyon, Bordeaux et Toulouse, c’est une erreur, puisqu’ils n’ont fait qu’obéir aux ordres que je leur ai donnés en ma qualité de ministre de la guerre. Il faut donc substituer mon nom aux leurs.", "translationEnglish": "I see in Article 1 the names of Generals Gilly, Grouchy, Clausel and Delaborde; if they are listed for their conduct at Pont-Saint-Esprit, Lyon, Bordeaux and Toulouse, that is an error, since they merely obeyed the orders I gave them in my capacity as minister of war. My name must therefore be substituted for theirs.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v4", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced02davogoog/page/n638/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced02davogoog/page/n640/mode/1up", "page": "629–632", "letterNumber": "1824", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Printed letter number, recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked in Mazade, volume 4, pp. 629–632. English translation newly prepared. This verifies the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript; the selected printed letter has no separate reproduced autograph signature.", "notes": [ "Heading: Au ministre de la guerre. Dateline: Bourges, 27 juillet 1815. The office-holder was Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr; the printed heading itself does not spell out his name.", "The excerpt is on p. 631; the explicit reiteration of definitive resignation is on p. 632. The letter does not claim to be the first resignation request.", "Davout’s argument that the generals obeyed his orders is his stated defence, not an independent determination of their responsibility or the legal status of the proscriptions.", "Letter 1830 acknowledges the minister’s letter of 26 July accepting his earlier request and records handover on 1 August. These dated stages must not be collapsed into a single inferred resignation date." ], "themeId": "politics" }, { "id": "davout-1830", "date": "1815-08-01", "time": null, "direction": "sent", "senderId": "davout", "recipientId": "gouvion-saint-cyr", "placeId": "bourges", "davoutPlaceId": null, "title": "Handing the Army of the Loire to Macdonald", "summary": "Davout acknowledges the minister’s letter of 26 July telling him the king has accepted his request to relinquish command and appointed the duc de Tarente in his place. He reports that he has handed over command that day and provided Macdonald with the necessary information. He will identify his place of retirement after consulting his wife.", "excerptFrench": "Conformément aux ordres de Sa Majesté, j’ai remis aujourd’hui le commandement de l’armée à M. le maréchal duc de Tarente, et je lui ai donné tous les renseignements nécessaires sur son commandement.", "translationEnglish": "In accordance with His Majesty’s orders, I have today handed over command of the army to Marshal the duc de Tarente and given him all the information necessary for his command.", "sourceId": "mazade1885-v4", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced02davogoog/page/n644/mode/1up", "letterSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced02davogoog/page/n645/mode/1up", "page": "635–636", "letterNumber": "1830", "verificationLevel": "scan-checked", "verification": "Printed letter number, recipient heading, dateline and selected French passage visually checked in Mazade, volume 4, pp. 635–636. English translation newly prepared. This verifies the printed edition, not an autograph manuscript; the selected printed letter has no separate reproduced autograph signature.", "notes": [ "Heading: Au ministre de la guerre à Paris. Dateline: Bourges, 1er août 1815. Paris is the recipient’s address, not Davout’s writing place.", "The recipient office-holder is Gouvion Saint-Cyr; the replacement commander, duc de Tarente, is Macdonald.", "The selected passage is on p. 636, whose scan is uneven but the handover sentence is legible. Heading and date are on p. 635.", "The 26 July ministerial notification and the actual 1 August handover are separate events. The preceding circular of 31 July describes Davout as already without command; this is retained as a neighbouring administrative formulation, not used to erase the explicit handover report.", "This is the last numbered letter in this Mazade volume and the selected military-service endpoint, not a claim that Davout never wrote another letter. Later honours, peerage and death are different events." ], "themeId": "orders" }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13172", "date": "1806-10-01", "time": "02:00", "title": "Prepare the strongpoints behind the advance", "summary": "Napoleon tells Berthier how the army should be positioned and supported before the advance. He prefers Lefebvre near Schweinfurt, keeps Davout around Bamberg and Bernadotte around Lichtenfels, and orders Wurtzbourg, Kronach and Forchheim to hold stores, hospitals and artillery. He also asks for news of Ney. The letter combines forward dispositions with preparations against an enemy move towards Wurtzbourg. These are instructions and expectations, rather than confirmation that each formation or supply depot was already in place.", "excerptFrench": "Wurtzbourg, Kronach et Forchheim seront armés et approvisionnés : hôpital, dépôts, parc, tout sera renfermé dans ces trois places. Les petits dépôts de la cavalerie seront réunis à Forchheim.", "translationEnglish": "Wurtzbourg, Kronach and Forchheim will be armed and supplied: hospital, depots and artillery park will all be enclosed in these three places. The small cavalry depots will be gathered at Forchheim.", "themeId": "supplies", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Mayence, 1er octobre 1806, 2 heures du matin. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The edition cites the dispatched version at SHD, GR, 17 C 298, fol. 10, and a minute at Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 20. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The heading gives 1 October at 02:00. The editor reports a crossed-out September date and a separate annotation recording dispatch at 03:00 by Leclerc aîné. Dispatch time is not writing time. An illegible cancelled postscript is also noted." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "mainz", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13172.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13172.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13172", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13173", "date": "1806-10-01", "time": "14:00", "title": "Ovens, biscuit reserves and knowledge of the roads", "summary": "Napoleon sets out expected movements and detailed preparations for feeding the army. He wants engineers who know the roads, information about Saxon settlements and someone familiar with the country. Biscuit and flour should be moved towards Kronach, with ovens built there and at Bamberg in case the march is delayed. He also describes his intended departure from Mayence. The provisions, arrival dates and movements are plans; the letter does not establish that the preparations were completed.", "excerptFrench": "Faites faire dans la citadelle de Kronach, mais mystérieusement, huit fours où l’on puisse faire cuire pour l’armée, car il ne serait pas impossible, comme il y a là des montagnes, que les quatre jours de pain dont elle se serait munie en partant de Bamberg, ne la menassent pas jusque dans le pays où elle trouvera de nouvelles provisions.", "translationEnglish": "Have eight ovens built in the citadel of Kronach, but discreetly, in which bread can be baked for the army; for, with mountains there, it would not be impossible for the four days of bread with which it would have supplied itself on leaving Bamberg to fail to carry it as far as the country where it will find fresh provisions.", "themeId": "supplies", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Mayence, 1er octobre 1806, 2 heures après midi. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The edition cites a minute at Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 1. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The heading gives Mayence, 1 October at 14:00. An editorial note reports that the letter was carried in a portfolio and brought out on arrival at Wurtzbourg; the dateline is not its delivery time. The editor also records a wording difference from the older printed edition." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "mainz", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13173.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13173.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13173", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13174", "date": "1806-10-01", "time": null, "title": "A return reports artillery sent on five boats", "summary": "Napoleon sends Berthier a return of artillery which he says has left Mayence for Wurtzbourg in five boats. The surviving letter is a single sentence referring to that enclosure; the displayed transcription does not supply the return itself. It therefore supports the reported departure and method of transport, but not the arrival of the cargo or its detailed contents. A separate note on the minute records a dispatch time, which must not be treated as the time of composition.", "excerptFrench": "Mon cousin, je vous envoie l’état de l’artillerie partie de Mayence pour Wurtzbourg sur cinq bateaux.", "translationEnglish": "My cousin, I am sending you the return of the artillery that has left Mayence for Wurtzbourg on five boats.", "themeId": "supplies", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Mayence, 1er octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The edition cites the dispatched version at SHD, GR, 17 C 298, fol. 1, and a minute at Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 15. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The main dateline is untimed. A note on the minute records departure on 1 October at 03:00. The extract is the entire short body, below the usual extract length; the referenced artillery return is not reproduced here." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "mainz", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13174.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13174.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13174", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13175", "date": "1806-10-01", "time": null, "title": "A short enclosure notice about the 25th Light Infantry", "summary": "This brief notice refers Berthier to an enclosed report from General Wirion concerning the departure from Verdun of available men of the 25th Light Infantry. The modern transcription preserves an awkward, incomplete sentence linking the enclosure to Napoleon’s order. Its limited wording should not be expanded into a detailed movement account. It records the subject of a report being passed through headquarters, without giving the strength of the detachment, an arrival date or the contents of the enclosed report.", "excerptFrench": "Par la lettre ci-jointe (lettre du général Wirion rendant compte de l’exécution d’un ordre direct de l’Empereur pour le départ de Verdun, du 25e légère) que j’ai fait venir tout ce qui est disponible du 25e d’infanterie légère.", "translationEnglish": "Through the enclosed letter (General Wirion’s letter reporting the execution of a direct order from the Emperor for the departure from Verdun of the 25th Light Infantry) that I have summoned everything available from the 25th Light Infantry.", "themeId": "movement", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Mayence, 1er octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The edition cites a minute at Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 14. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The printed sentence is grammatically incomplete and is retained as such; the English follows its fragmentary construction. The parenthesis explains the enclosure within the edited text. No strength or arrival is inferred." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "mainz", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13175.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13175.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13175", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13199", "date": "1806-10-04", "time": null, "title": "Send unallocated clothing from Strasbourg", "summary": "Napoleon forwards a return of clothing and other effects held at Strasbourg. He draws Berthier’s attention to 2,500 greatcoats and to items he considers unnecessary there, then orders effects not assigned to a particular corps to be sent to the clothing store at Wurtzbourg. The letter shows headquarters using an inventory to redirect supplies. The number is Napoleon’s statement about the enclosure, and the instruction does not by itself establish that the clothing subsequently arrived.", "excerptFrench": "Mon cousin, vous trouverez ci-joint l’état des effets qui existent au magasin de Strasbourg. Vous verrez qu’il y a 2 500 capotes, qu’il y a plusieurs objets qui sont inutiles. Donnez ordre que ces effets qui n’appartiennent à aucun corps soient dirigés sur Wurtzbourg et soient placés au magasin d’habillement.", "translationEnglish": "My cousin, enclosed you will find the return of the effects held in the Strasbourg store. You will see that there are 2,500 greatcoats and several items that are of no use. Order these effects, which belong to no corps, to be sent to Wurtzbourg and placed in the clothing store.", "themeId": "supplies", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Wurtzbourg, 4 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The edition cites the dispatched version at SHD, GR, 17 C 298, fol. 5. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The extract is the complete body. The attached inventory is referred to but not reproduced here. The main dateline supplies no hour." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "wurzburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13199.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13199.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13199", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13200", "date": "1806-10-04", "time": null, "title": "Find horses and an officer to organise the remounts", "summary": "Using returns sent by Rapp, Napoleon calculates when several cavalry and infantry detachments should reach Wurtzbourg. Many cavalrymen lack horses, so he directs purchases, inspections and onward movement, with different arrangements for cuirassiers, dragoons, hussars and chasseurs. His postscript sends the supporting booklet and insists that someone be made responsible for organising the work. The totals and expected arrivals remain his contemporary calculations; the letter does not prove that the men or horses arrived as projected.", "excerptFrench": "P.S. Comme il serait possible que vous ne comprissiez pas bien cette lettre à défaut d’états, je vous envoie le livret du général Rapp. Donnez des ordres en détail au commandant de Wurtzbourg, prévenez les colonels des corps auxquels appartiennent les détachements, et chargez un inspecteur aux revues de l’achat des chevaux.", "translationEnglish": "P.S. As it is possible that you may not fully understand this letter without the returns, I am sending you General Rapp’s booklet. Give detailed orders to the commandant of Wurtzbourg, notify the colonels of the corps to which the detachments belong, and put a review inspector in charge of purchasing the horses.", "themeId": "supplies", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Wurtzbourg, 4 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The edition cites the dispatched version at SHD, GR, 17 C 298, fol. 4. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The extract is from the postscript, not a separate letter. Figures in the full letter are estimates and allocations; the atlas does not silently reconcile their arithmetic or convert projected arrivals into confirmed positions." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "wurzburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13200.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13200.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13200", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13202", "date": "1806-10-05", "time": null, "title": "Return a regimental colonel to his command", "summary": "Napoleon orders Berthier to send the colonel of the 8th Dragoons back to his regiment immediately. A postscript explains that the officer is serving as an aide-de-camp to Marshal Lefebvre, while the modern editor identifies him as Beckler. The short instruction concerns an officer’s assignment rather than the movement of the whole regiment. It gives neither the regiment’s location nor evidence that the colonel had already obeyed the order when the letter was written.", "excerptFrench": "Mon cousin, donnez ordre au colonel du 8e régiment de dragons de se rendre sur-le-champ à son régiment.", "translationEnglish": "My cousin, order the colonel of the 8th Regiment of Dragoons to return to his regiment immediately.", "themeId": "orders", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Wurtzbourg, 5 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The edition cites the dispatched version at SHD, GR, 17 C 298, fol. 6; its annotation identifies the colonel as Beckler. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The extract is the complete main instruction, shorter than the usual extract range. The separate postscript explains the officer’s attachment to Lefebvre. The dateline is untimed and supplies no recipient position." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "wurzburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13202.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13202.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13202", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13203", "date": "1806-10-05", "time": null, "title": "Defend Wurtzbourg without alarming its inhabitants", "summary": "Napoleon gives detailed instructions for securing Wurtzbourg while reinforcements and artillery pass through it. The commandant should remain close to the citadel, prepare its guns and gates, monitor approaching roads and prevent small detachments from travelling alone. If a substantial enemy force appears, troops may fall back into the defended area and incoming columns should be diverted. The letter ends with practical preparations at the bridge, coupled with a direction to avoid alarming the inhabitants. These are precautions, not a report of an attack.", "excerptFrench": "Tout le parc d’artillerie doit être placé dans la ville basse tenant à la forteresse. On doit avoir des sacs à terre, des tonneaux, pour barrer la porte du pont en cas de nécessité. Mais il ne faut pas pour cela porter l’alarme chez les habitants.", "translationEnglish": "The entire artillery park must be placed in the lower town adjoining the fortress. There must be sandbags and barrels to block the bridge gate if necessary. But this must not alarm the inhabitants.", "themeId": "fortifications", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Wurtzbourg, 5 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The edition cites a minute at Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 53. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The extract closes a much longer defensive instruction. Expected reinforcement dates and possible enemy approaches are conditional or prospective. The map dateline is Wurtzbourg, not the various roads and destinations named in the body." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "wurzburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13203.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13203.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13203", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13239", "date": "1806-10-08", "time": null, "title": "Jérôme is to secure Kulmbach and report its condition", "summary": "Napoleon instructs Berthier to place Jérôme in command of the Bavarian division expected at Bayreuth and direct it against the fort at Kulmbach. He wants an engineer to inspect the fort independently of Bavarian reports and asks for exact returns of the troops and artillery. Jérôme is to seek supplies through the commander of Bayreuth and await further orders after the projected surrender. The dispatch records a sequence of intended actions; it does not establish that the fort had already fallen.", "excerptFrench": "Le prince Jérôme prendra le commandement de la division bavaroise qui doit se trouver demain à Bayreuth, cerner le fort de Kulmbach et le faire rendre. Vous en préviendrez le général bavarois, afin qu’il envoie un escadron à la rencontre du prince. Le général Hédouville fera les fonctions de chef d’état-major de ce corps.", "translationEnglish": "Prince Jérôme will take command of the Bavarian division which is to be at Bayreuth tomorrow, surround the fort of Kulmbach and compel its surrender. You will notify the Bavarian general, so that he sends a squadron to meet the prince. General Hédouville will act as chief of staff of this corps.", "themeId": "fortifications", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Kronach, 8 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The edition cites a minute at Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 76. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The capture and the subsequent inspection are ordered, not reported as completed. Kronach is the writing place; Bayreuth and Kulmbach are destinations within the instructions." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "kronach", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13239.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13239.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13239", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13251", "date": "1806-10-12", "time": "04:00", "title": "Converging orders for Naumburg and Gera", "summary": "At four in the morning Napoleon tells Berthier to send Davout towards Naumburg as rapidly as combat readiness allows. Light cavalry should precede the corps to gather intelligence, capture prisoners and stop baggage. He also describes instructions for Murat and Bernadotte to approach Naumburg by Zeitz, while Lannes, Augereau and Ney receive other destinations. The message outlines an intended concentration and assigns supporting cavalry. Its projected positions should not be read as a confirmed record of where the marshals were that morning.", "excerptFrench": "Donnez ordre au maréchal Davout de partir de sa position pour se diriger sur Naumburg, où il arrivera le plus vite qu’il pourra, en tenant cependant toujours ses troupes en situation de combattre. Il se fera précéder par toute sa cavalerie légère, qui enverra des coureurs aussi loin que possible, tant pour avoir des nouvelles de l’ennemi que pour faire des prisonniers, arrêter les bagages et avoir des renseignements précis.", "translationEnglish": "Order Marshal Davout to leave his position and make for Naumburg, which he will reach as quickly as he can, while always keeping his troops ready to fight. He will send all his light cavalry ahead, sending scouts as far forward as possible, both to obtain news of the enemy and to take prisoners, stop baggage and obtain precise information.", "themeId": "orders", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Auma, 12 octobre 1806, 4 heures du matin. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The edition cites a minute at Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 95. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The main dateline is Auma, 12 October at 04:00. The editor identifies Mittel as Mittel-Pölnitz. The destinations and projected headquarters at Gera are orders or expectations, not evidence of completed journeys." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "auma", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13251.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13251.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13251", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13261", "date": "1806-10-13", "time": "07:00", "title": "Intercept a regiment before it reaches headquarters", "summary": "Napoleon directs Berthier to have Lefebvre send someone to intercept the 2nd Regiment of Dismounted Dragoons. Instead of continuing to Gera, the regiment is to rest at Auma and wait for further orders, together with the twelve artillery pieces accompanying it. The instruction shows headquarters trying to alter a movement already expected along the road. It does not give the regiment’s actual position, identify the messenger or confirm that the interception and halt took place.", "excerptFrench": "Le maréchal Lefebvre enverra à la rencontre du 2e régiment de dragons à pied, afin qu’il ne vienne pas jusqu’ici, il donnera ordre à ce régiment de se reposer à Auma et d’attendre là de nouveaux ordres, ainsi que les 12 pièces d’artillerie que ce régiment mène avec lui.", "translationEnglish": "Marshal Lefebvre will send someone to meet the 2nd Regiment of Dismounted Dragoons so that it does not come as far as here; he will order the regiment to rest at Auma and await further orders there, together with the twelve artillery pieces that it is bringing with it.", "themeId": "movement", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Gera, 13 octobre 1806, 7 heures du matin. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The edition cites a minute at Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 104. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The heading gives Gera, 13 October at 07:00. Auma is an ordered stopping place for the regiment, not a dateline or a confirmed location for Lefebvre." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "gera", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13261.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13261.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13261", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13268", "date": "1806-10-15", "time": null, "title": "Send the victory narrative abroad and into print", "summary": "Napoleon tells Berthier to circulate a report of Jena through French diplomatic representatives and have it printed widely. The enclosed narrative declares the Prussian army crushed, gives large figures for captured guns and prisoners, and describes French losses as limited. Those claims belong to the victory announcement being distributed, not to an independently verified battle summary. The document reveals how headquarters sought to publicise the result immediately through couriers, diplomatic channels and local printing.", "excerptFrench": "Le maréchal Berthier enverra la note ci-après par courrier à M. Otto, qui la fera passer à M. La Rochefoucauld, au général Sebastiani et en Italie. Il la fera imprimer partout, à Leipzig, à Iéna, etc.", "translationEnglish": "Marshal Berthier will send the following note by courier to Mr Otto, who will forward it to Mr La Rochefoucauld, General Sebastiani and to Italy. He will have it printed everywhere, at Leipzig, at Jena, and so on.", "themeId": "politics", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Iéna, 15 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The edition cites the nineteenth-century Correspondance de Napoléon Ier, no. 11008, based on the Archives de l’Empire. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The excerpt is the covering instruction; the victory narrative follows separately in the same edited record. Its casualty, prisoner and artillery figures are contemporary claims and are not certified here as exact totals." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "jena", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13268.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13268.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13268", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13275", "date": "1806-10-16", "time": null, "title": "Make Erfurt the new centre of supplies and communications", "summary": "Napoleon orders captured artillery, provisions and prisoners to be concentrated at Erfurt, with a large military hospital and a headquarters office for correspondence. The existing staging route through Bamberg is to be replaced by one running through Erfurt, Fulda and Mayence. Mortier receives an occupation order for Fulda, and Berthier is asked to propose arrangements for other occupied territories. The letter describes a reorganisation of the army’s supporting system; it does not prove that the proposed depots, routes and offices were already functioning.", "excerptFrench": "Donnez l’ordre au général Songis de réunir toute l’artillerie prise à l’ennemi dans la place d’Erfurt ; donnez l’ordre à l’intendant général de rassembler tous les magasins des vivres à Erfurt, qui désormais sera le pivot des opérations de l’armée.", "translationEnglish": "Order General Songis to gather all the artillery captured from the enemy in the fortress of Erfurt; order the intendant-general to bring together all the provision stores at Erfurt, which will henceforth be the pivot of the army’s operations.", "themeId": "supplies", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Weimar, 16 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The edition cites the dispatched version at SHD, GR, 17 C 298, fol. 12, and a minute at Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 116. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The main heading gives Weimar, 16 October without an hour. The editor reports noon in the minute; that witness-specific time is retained here as a note rather than silently assigned to the main dateline." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "weimar", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13275.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13275.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13275", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13277", "date": "1806-10-17", "time": null, "title": "Press the trailing formations forward", "summary": "Napoleon sends Berthier a set of instructions to accelerate formations still behind the main army. Bavarian, Baden and Württemberg troops are directed towards Plauen, Grouchy’s dragoons towards Gera and Leipzig, and other contingents towards Erfurt. He repeats that Bamberg must release detachments instead of retaining them and wants the 28th Light Infantry hurried forward. Several starting positions are expressed as where troops should be. These are movement orders and assumptions, not a verified itinerary of the units concerned.", "excerptFrench": "Envoyez par un aide de camp du prince Jérôme l’ordre à la seconde brigade bavaroise de presser sa marche de Forchheim, ou de Bayreuth où elle doit être, pour se rendre à Plauen, afin d’y rejoindre la première.", "translationEnglish": "Send, through an aide-de-camp of Prince Jérôme, the order for the second Bavarian brigade to hasten its march from Forchheim, or from Bayreuth where it should be, to Plauen, so as to join the first brigade there.", "themeId": "movement", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Weimar, 17 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The edition cites a minute at Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 120. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The source explicitly leaves the second Bavarian brigade’s starting point uncertain between Forchheim and Bayreuth. Neither town is treated as a confirmed position. The letter is dated at Weimar without an hour." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "weimar", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13277.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13277.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13277", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13278", "date": "1806-10-17", "time": null, "title": "Appoint an artillery commander and equip two divisions", "summary": "Napoleon assigns Lacombe-Saint-Michel to command the artillery of the Eighth Corps and makes him responsible for providing six guns to each of its two divisions as quickly as possible. This short order records an appointment together with an equipment requirement, rather than a report of weapons already delivered. It does not specify the guns’ location, calibre or route. Berthier receives the instruction through the general headquarters correspondence dated at Weimar, with no hour supplied.", "excerptFrench": "Le général d’artillerie Lacombe-Saint-Michel commandera l’artillerie du 8e corps de la Grande Armée, il sera chargé de donner le plus tôt possible six pièces de canon à chacune des deux divisions.", "translationEnglish": "Artillery General Lacombe-Saint-Michel will command the artillery of the Eighth Corps of the Grande Armée; he will be responsible for providing six guns to each of its two divisions as soon as possible.", "themeId": "orders", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Weimar, 17 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The edition cites a minute at Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 126. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The extract is the complete body. The allocation of six guns per division is an instruction, not evidence of delivery; no gun type or destination is added." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "weimar", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13278.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13278.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13278", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13286", "date": "1806-10-18", "time": null, "title": "Redirect the evacuation of the wounded to Gera", "summary": "Napoleon reports that wounded men are being evacuated from Naumburg towards Weissenfels. He objects that such movements should follow orders rather than individual discretion, and instructs Berthier to direct the evacuation towards Gera instead. The short message shows headquarters intervening in the route used for casualties after the fighting. It gives neither numbers nor the reasons for preferring Gera, and supplies no confirmation that the new order was carried out.", "excerptFrench": "On évacue les blessés de Naumburg sur Weissenfels. Il me semble que pour ces évacuations, on devrait prendre des ordres et ne pas agir de fantaisie. Donnez des ordres pour qu’on évacue sur Gera.", "translationEnglish": "The wounded are being evacuated from Naumburg towards Weissenfels. It seems to me that orders should be sought for these evacuations, rather than acting on a whim. Give orders for the evacuation to be directed towards Gera.", "themeId": "wounded", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Naumburg, 18 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "Napoleonica cites a minute in the Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 128. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The edited dateline is Naumburg, 18 October 1806, with no hour. Weissenfels is the reported evacuation destination; Gera is the ordered replacement. Neither identifies Berthier’s location or proves a completed journey." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "naumburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13286.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13286.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13286", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13290", "date": "1806-10-20", "time": null, "title": "Close Halle University and order its students home", "summary": "Napoleon orders Berthier to close Halle University and make its students leave for their homes within twenty-four hours. Any students still in the town the following day are to be imprisoned. He justifies this threat by alleging that the young people have been imbued with a hostile spirit. The letter records an intended coercive measure against the university community; it does not establish how many students remained, whether arrests followed, or whether his accusation was justified.", "excerptFrench": "Mon cousin, donnez des ordres pour que l’université de Halle soit fermée, et que sous vingt-quatre heures les écoliers soient partis pour leur demeure. S’il s’en trouve demain en ville, ils seront mis en prison, pour prévenir le résultat du mauvais esprit qu’on a inculqué à cette jeunesse.", "translationEnglish": "My cousin, give orders for Halle University to be closed and for the students to have left for their homes within twenty-four hours. If any are found in town tomorrow, they will be put in prison, to prevent the consequences of the bad spirit instilled in these young people.", "themeId": "politics", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Halle, 20 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "Napoleonica cites an expédition, or dispatched copy, at the Service historique de la Défense, GR, 17 C 298, fol. 14. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The edited dateline is Halle, 20 October 1806, without an hour. The charge against the students is Napoleon’s stated justification. The deadline and threat are orders, not evidence of compliance or imprisonment." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "halle", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13290.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13290.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13290", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13291", "date": "1806-10-20", "time": "16:00", "title": "Coordinate the next march towards Dessau", "summary": "Writing at four in the afternoon, Napoleon gives Berthier a sequence of orders for the movement towards Dessau. Lefebvre is to arrange an early start and several days of bread for the Guard. Bessières must provide the 1st Hussars as Napoleon’s escort, relieving the Guard of that duty for another day. Grouchy’s dragoons and Augereau’s corps receive their own morning departure instructions. The dispatch coordinates preparations and intended arrivals; it is not a record of the formations actually reaching Dessau.", "excerptFrench": "Ordre au maréchal Lefebvre de faire battre le 1er à 3 heures et de partir à 4 au plus tard pour se rendre à Dessau. Il est nécessaire que le pain soit donné à la Garde pour plusieurs jours.", "translationEnglish": "Order Marshal Lefebvre to have the first call sounded at three o’clock and to depart at four at the latest for Dessau. The Guard must be issued bread for several days.", "themeId": "movement", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Halle, 20 octobre 1806, 4 heures du soir. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "Napoleonica cites a minute in the Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 143. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The edited dateline is Halle, 20 October 1806, 4 p.m. The hours in the body concern marching instructions. “Battre le 1er” is a first drum call, distinct from the explicitly named 1st Hussars in the next paragraph." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "halle", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13291.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13291.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13291", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13292", "date": "1806-10-20", "time": "16:00", "title": "Send the captured officers towards Magdeburg before midnight", "summary": "At four in the afternoon, Napoleon orders all the prisoner officers then at Halle to depart before midnight. They are to be taken to Halberstadt, where Soult is to arrange their onward escort as far as the gates of Magdeburg. This brief instruction supplies a route and a deadline, but no names, total, or explanation of what is to happen on arrival. It should not be read as evidence that these officers were released, exchanged, or actually reached Magdeburg.", "excerptFrench": "Faites partir avant minuit tous les officiers prisonniers qui sont ici. Ils seront conduits à Halberstadt d’où le maréchal Soult les fera reconduire jusqu’aux portes de Magdebourg.", "translationEnglish": "Have all the prisoner officers who are here depart before midnight. They will be taken to Halberstadt, from where Marshal Soult will have them escorted onwards as far as the gates of Magdeburg.", "themeId": "movement", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Halle, 20 octobre 1806, 4 heures du soir. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "Napoleonica cites a minute in the Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 141. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The edited dateline is Halle, 20 October 1806, 4 p.m. “Here” is read against that writing place. Halberstadt and Magdeburg are instructed destinations, not independently verified stages of a prisoner movement." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "halle", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13292.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13292.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13292", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13293", "date": "1806-10-20", "time": null, "title": "Use roaming hussar patrols to gather prisoners and intelligence", "summary": "Napoleon tells Berthier to send Captain Lamarche with sixty men of the 1st Hussars to operate independently, capture scattered enemy soldiers and forward intelligence. Two further detachments, each of sixty men from the 9th Hussars, are to patrol between the Saale, Magdeburg and ducal Saxony. Captives should be directed towards Erfurt or Naumburg according to the patrol’s position. The commanders must keep headquarters informed and, after eight days, draw nearer when the roads appear clear of isolated enemy troops.", "excerptFrench": "Donnez l’ordre au capitaine Lamarche de partir avec 60 chevaux du 1er de hussards, de se rendre en partisan partout où il croira pouvoir ramasser des hommes ennemis. Il dirigera tous les prisonniers qu’il fera sur Erfurt, Naumburg, selon le lieu où il se trouvera. Il fera passer aussi toutes les nouvelles qui viendraient à sa connaissance.", "translationEnglish": "Order Captain Lamarche to set out with sixty horsemen of the 1st Hussars and operate independently wherever he thinks he can round up enemy soldiers. He will send all prisoners he takes towards Erfurt or Naumburg, according to where he is. He will also forward any information that comes to his knowledge.", "themeId": "intelligence", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Halle, 20 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "Napoleonica cites a minute in the Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 134. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The edited dateline is Halle, 20 October 1806, without an hour. The patrol area and prospective prisoner routes are operational instructions. The dispatch does not report any completed captures or establish a continuous route for a named marshal." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "halle", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13293.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13293.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13293", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13301", "date": "1806-10-22", "time": null, "title": "Take possession of Brunswick, with an exception for its wounded duke", "summary": "Napoleon orders an administrative officer and a dragoon patrol into Brunswick to take possession of the territory. The duke’s arms are to be removed, his soldiers disarmed and the public cash offices sealed; the country is to be treated as conquered. If found there, the duke and his officers are to be taken prisoner and sent towards France. If the duke is ill, he is exempted from that journey and is to receive the consideration due to a wounded general.", "excerptFrench": "Il sera envoyé un sous-inspecteur dans le pays de Brunswick, avec une patrouille de dragons, pour en prendre possession. Les armes du duc seront ôtées partout, et ses soldats désarmés. Le scellé sera mis sur les caisses, et ce pays sera en tout traité comme pays de conquête.", "translationEnglish": "A sub-inspector will be sent into Brunswick, with a dragoon patrol, to take possession of it. The duke’s coats of arms will be removed everywhere, and his soldiers disarmed. The cash offices will be sealed, and the country will in every respect be treated as conquered territory.", "themeId": "politics", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Dessau, 22 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "Napoleonica cites an expédition, or dispatched copy, at the Service historique de la Défense, GR, 17 C 298, fol. 15. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The edited dateline is Dessau, 22 October 1806, without an hour. The modern notes identify an administrative sub-inspector and recall the duke’s severe wound at Auerstedt. The arrest and treatment clauses remain conditional, not proof that the duke was found or detained." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "dessau", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13301.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13301.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13301", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13313", "date": "1806-10-23", "time": null, "title": "Combine courtesy at Dresden with the seizure of military resources", "summary": "Napoleon instructs Berthier to give Thiard command at Dresden and have him enter with the Bavarian division. Discipline and outward respect for the Saxon elector and his family must accompany seizure of the arsenal and military stores. Napoleon stresses that an armistice does not amount to peace, plans quarters for arriving allied formations and limits the elector’s troops in the city. His concluding formula demands abundant courtesy while taking possession of resources. The dispatch states occupation policy and expected movements, not their completion.", "excerptFrench": "Beaucoup de formes, beaucoup de procédés, beaucoup d’honnêtetés ; mais en réalité s’emparer de tout, surtout des moyens de guerre, sous prétexte que l’Électeur n’en a plus besoin.", "translationEnglish": "Plenty of ceremony, plenty of consideration, plenty of courtesies; but in reality take possession of everything, especially the means of war, on the pretext that the Elector no longer needs them.", "themeId": "politics", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Wittemberg, 23 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "Napoleonica cites an expédition, or dispatched copy, at the Service historique de la Défense, GR, 17 C 298, fol. 17. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The edited dateline is Wittemberg, 23 October 1806, without an hour. Dresden is the object of the instructions. Projected arrivals and strengths are Napoleon’s stated expectations; the extract preserves his explicit contrast between courteous treatment and material seizure." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "wittenberg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13313.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13313.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13313", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13314", "date": "1806-10-23", "time": null, "title": "Build Wittenberg into a fortified service centre for the army", "summary": "Napoleon gives Berthier an extensive programme for Wittenberg: ovens and flour stores, an arsenal and powder magazine, defensive works, hospitals, corps depots and a printing press. Engineering and artillery officers must divide responsibilities and bring siege guns from Dresden. Reinforcements are to pass through the town for inspection and equipment before rejoining their corps; tired and lightly wounded men should recover there. The instructions also demand night lighting and bridge arrangements that can be destroyed quickly, making the town a protected administrative and logistical centre.", "excerptFrench": "Il sera construit dans le plus court délai des barrières en avant des portes. Au lieu de pont-levis qui seraient trop longs à faire, on construira des ponts sur chevalets, qu’on pourra au besoin culbuter promptement.", "translationEnglish": "Barriers will be built in front of the gates with the least possible delay. Instead of drawbridges, which would take too long to make, trestle bridges will be built, which can quickly be knocked down if necessary.", "themeId": "fortifications", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Wittemberg, 23 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "Napoleonica cites the Correspondance de Napoléon Ier, no. 11057, drawing on the dépôt de la Guerre. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The edited dateline is Wittemberg, 23 October 1806, without an hour. The capacities, workforce and construction measures are requirements in an order, not measured achievements. Wittenberg is the modern place-name used in the English summary." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "wittenberg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13314.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13314.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13314", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13325", "date": "1806-10-25", "time": null, "title": "Collect captured riverboats and their cargoes at Spandau", "summary": "Napoleon orders Berthier to send the boats at Neubrück to Spandau and place their cargoes in its stores. A staff officer is to travel along the river as far as the French troops and progressively send any captured vessels downstream to the same destination. The letter links river transport and the concentration of supplies at a fortified base. Its dating is not uniform across the edition’s evidence: the main heading gives 25 October, while the cited minute is dated 26 October.", "excerptFrench": "Mon cousin, donnez l’ordre que tous les bateaux qui sont à Neubrück soient envoyés à Spandau, et que les effets qu’ils ont à bord soient remis dans les magasins de cette place. Envoyez à cet effet un adjoint qui parcourra la rivière jusqu’au lieu où sont nos troupes, et au fur et à mesure fera descendre les bateaux qui seraient pris, sur Spandau.", "translationEnglish": "My cousin, order all the boats at Neubrück to be sent to Spandau, and the goods aboard them placed in that place’s stores. For this purpose send a staff officer along the river as far as our troops are, who will progressively send any boats captured downstream to Spandau.", "themeId": "supplies", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Potsdam, 25 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "Napoleonica cites the Correspondance de Napoléon Ier, no. 11077, drawing on the dépôt de la Guerre. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The edited heading reads Potsdam, 25 October 1806; the edition explicitly reports 26 October on the minute, Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 194. The atlas retains the heading date with this unresolved variant. No hour is given. The modern notes place Neubrück on the Havel upstream of Spandau." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "potsdam", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13325.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13325.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13325", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13326", "date": "1806-10-25", "time": null, "title": "Prepare Spandau to protect the army’s depots", "summary": "Napoleon orders Berthier to send General Féry to Spandau, supported by an engineer officer, an artillery officer and a small artillery detachment. The fort is to be emptied of prisoners and put into a state of defence so that it can hold French depots and stores. This is an instruction to establish and protect a supply base, not a completion report. The edition’s note also cautions that Féry appears not to have taken up his post immediately.", "excerptFrench": "Donnez ordre au commandant du génie d’y envoyer un officier du génie et au commandant de l’artillerie d’y envoyer un officier d’artillerie avec une escouade d’artillerie pour y tenir garnison. Mon intention est que tous les prisonniers en soient ôtés et que ce fort soit mis en état de défense pour y contenir nos dépôts et nos magasins.", "translationEnglish": "Order the commander of engineers to send an engineer officer there, and the commander of artillery to send an artillery officer with an artillery squad to form a garrison. My intention is that all prisoners be removed and that this fort be put into a state of defence to hold our depots and stores.", "themeId": "fortifications", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Potsdam, 25 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "Napoleonica cites an expédition, or dispatched copy, at the Service historique de la Défense, GR, 17 C 298, fol. 23. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The edited dateline is Potsdam, 25 October 1806, without an hour. The modern editors cautiously suggest a delay in Féry’s arrival; this is preserved as a qualification, not converted into a definite chronology. Spandau is the ordered destination." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "potsdam", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13326.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13326.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13326", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13327", "date": "1806-10-25", "time": null, "title": "Move sick and exhausted conscripts towards Wittenberg", "summary": "Napoleon tells Berthier to direct the sick or exhausted conscripts still at the depots of Kronach, Forchheim and Wurtzbourg towards Wittenberg. The instruction identifies the men concerned by their condition and the depots where they have remained, but gives no number, transport arrangements or departure hour. It connects those rear depots with the destination named in the order; it does not establish that the conscripts were fit to march, had recovered, or subsequently arrived there.", "excerptFrench": "Mon cousin, donnez des ordres pour que les conscrits malades ou fatigués qui sont restés aux dépôts de Kronach, de Forchheim et de Wurtzbourg soient dirigés sur Wittemberg.", "translationEnglish": "My cousin, give orders for the sick or exhausted conscripts who have remained at the depots of Kronach, Forchheim and Wurtzbourg to be directed towards Wittenberg.", "themeId": "wounded", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Potsdam, 25 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "Napoleonica cites an expédition, or dispatched copy, at the Service historique de la Défense, GR, 17 C 298, fol. 26. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The edited dateline is Potsdam, 25 October 1806, without an hour. A recipient note also says Potsdam; an address is not treated as independent evidence of Berthier’s presence. The source spelling Wittemberg is rendered Wittenberg in English." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "potsdam", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13327.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13327.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13327", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13342", "date": "1806-10-26", "time": null, "title": "Use Spandau as a depot without tying manoeuvres to Berlin", "summary": "Napoleon designates Spandau as the army’s third depot after Erfurt and Wittenberg. Each corps is to have accommodation and a staff officer there. Wounded or exhausted men, reinforcements, baggage, records and stores should go to the fortress, with daily returns and onward movement controlled through Berthier. Incoming troops are explicitly directed away from Berlin. Napoleon’s stated purpose is to concentrate support in a protected place so that guarding the capital will not dictate his manoeuvres; his confidence in Spandau’s security is an assertion.", "excerptFrench": "que tous les magasins, tant de l’artillerie que de l’administration, soit vivres, soit habillement, soit hôpitaux, seront établis à Spandau, que mon intention n’est point d’assujettir mes manœuvres à garder Berlin, mais que Spandau sera toujours en sûreté.", "translationEnglish": "That all stores, both artillery and administrative, whether provisions, clothing or hospitals, will be established at Spandau; that my intention is not to make my manoeuvres dependent on guarding Berlin, but that Spandau will always be secure.", "themeId": "supplies", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Charlottenburg, 26 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "Napoleonica cites an expédition, or dispatched copy, at the Service historique de la Défense, GR, 17 C 298, fol. 27. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The edited dateline is Charlottenburg, 26 October 1806, without an hour. A modern note describes Napoleon at Potsdam and Spandau earlier that day; those contextual movements are separate from the writing dateline. The extract is the final continuous clause of a long sentence." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "charlottenburg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13342.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13342.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13342", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13371", "date": "1806-10-29", "time": null, "title": "Bring dismounted cavalrymen forward to care for captured horses", "summary": "Napoleon instructs Berthier to send an express courier with orders for all dismounted cavalrymen at Mainz to proceed towards Berlin. They are to care for what he describes as a large number of horses captured from the enemy. The message shows the problem of turning captured animals into a usable resource: men are needed to look after them. It supplies neither an exact horse count nor evidence that the cavalrymen left Mainz or reached the intended destination.", "excerptFrench": "Mon cousin, envoyez l’ordre par un courrier extraordinaire à tous les hommes de cavalerie à pied qui sont à Mayence de se diriger sur Berlin, pour être employés à soigner la grande quantité de chevaux que nous avons pris à l’ennemi.", "translationEnglish": "My cousin, send orders by an express courier to all the dismounted cavalrymen at Mainz to proceed towards Berlin, to be employed in caring for the large number of horses we have taken from the enemy.", "themeId": "supplies", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Berlin, 29 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "Napoleonica cites an expédition, or dispatched copy, at the Service historique de la Défense, GR, 17 C 298, fol. 29. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The edited dateline is Berlin, 29 October 1806, without an hour. Mayence is rendered Mainz in English. “Cavalerie à pied” means cavalrymen currently without mounts; it does not make them infantry." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "berlin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13371.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13371.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13371", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13372", "date": "1806-10-29", "time": null, "title": "Allocate captured horses and urgently find men to care for them", "summary": "Napoleon reports that four thousand captured horses are due at Spandau and directs Berthier to organise their allocation and care. Bessières is to select mounts for the Guard, while Nansouty’s men are assigned another group. Bourcier must coordinate distribution and prevent the animals deteriorating; dismounted cavalrymen and marching depot parties should hurry forward, with stabling at Potsdam proposed. Napoleon also reports captured artillery teams needing attendants. The quantities and expected arrival are claims in the dispatch, not a verified inventory or delivery record.", "excerptFrench": "Écrivez à tous les régiments de cavalerie, de chasseurs, et de hussards de diriger les hommes à pied sur Spandau, en disant au général Bourcier qu’on lui remettra des chevaux sellés pour monter tous les hommes.", "translationEnglish": "Write to all the cavalry, chasseur and hussar regiments to direct their dismounted men towards Spandau, telling General Bourcier that saddled horses will be handed over to him to mount all the men.", "themeId": "supplies", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Berlin, 29 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "Napoleonica cites a minute in the Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 214. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The edited dateline is Berlin, 29 October 1806, without an hour. The body uses the spelling Postdam; the English summary uses Potsdam. The proposed allocation of 350 horses to the Guard and 540 to Nansouty is part of an order, not proof of distribution." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "berlin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13372.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13372.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13372", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13387", "date": "1806-10-31", "time": null, "title": "Stop Prussian officers crossing the Oder and arrange Berlin quarters", "summary": "Napoleon orders Berthier to send a cavalry picket to detain the prince of Hohenlohe, whose whereabouts can be obtained from Murat’s aide-de-camp. Davout is to prevent Prussian officers, especially those taken prisoner, from passing towards Silesia across the Oder. The same dispatch orders three infantry regiments into Berlin’s barracks and places light infantry in villages on the Küstrin and Stettin roads. Napoleon prohibits bivouacs around Berlin. These are directions for detention, movement control and accommodation, not confirmation that any was completed.", "excerptFrench": "Envoyez sur-le-champ un piquet de cavalerie pour arrêter le prince de Hohenlohe. Je ne veux pas qu’il aille en Silésie. L’aide de camp du grand-duc de Berg vous dira où on peut le trouver.", "translationEnglish": "Send a cavalry picket at once to arrest the prince of Hohenlohe. I do not want him to go to Silesia. The aide-de-camp of the Grand Duke of Berg will tell you where he can be found.", "themeId": "orders", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Berlin, 31 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "Napoleonica cites a minute in the Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 231. The modern edited transcription was checked; no manuscript was examined.", "The edited dateline is Berlin, 31 October 1806, without an hour. The Grand Duke of Berg is Murat. The reference to his aide-de-camp is a route to information about Hohenlohe, not a precise location for either man." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "berthier", "placeId": "berlin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13387.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13387.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13387", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13190", "date": "1806-10-01", "time": "17:00", "title": "Bring the cavalry officers back to their regiments", "summary": "Napoleon acknowledges Murat’s letter and orders a review of the cavalry regiments. Squadron commanders and other absent officers are to be recalled, and d’Hautpoul is to be back with his division. The dispatch concerns the readiness and leadership of the cavalry before the coming operations. Its wording calls for these steps to be taken; it does not establish that the review occurred or that the absent officers had already returned.", "excerptFrench": "Mon frère, j’ai reçu votre lettre. Passez la revue de vos différents régiments de cavalerie et donnez des ordres pour qu’on rappelle les chefs d’escadrons et autres officiers absents. D’Hautpoul doit être rendu à sa division.", "translationEnglish": "My brother, I have received your letter. Review your various cavalry regiments and give orders recalling the squadron commanders and other absent officers. D’Hautpoul must be back with his division.", "themeId": "orders", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Mayence, 1er octobre 1806, 5 heures du soir. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The modern edition cites the dispatched letter in the Archives nationales, Murat papers, 31 AP 24, dossier 460, p. 6. This entry follows that edited transcription; the manuscript has not been independently inspected.", "The editors also cite a draft, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 18. Its annotation says the letter was written at departure, carried in the portfolio and delivered on arrival at Würzburg. The Mayence dateline is therefore not evidence that Murat received it there." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "murat", "placeId": "mainz", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13190.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13190.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13190", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13230", "date": "1806-10-07", "time": "14:00", "title": "Secure Cobourg and keep the reports moving", "summary": "Napoleon instructs Lannes to take a sound position beyond Cobourg. He warns of possible enemy approaches from Gotha, Eisfeld and Saalfeld, and later specifies reconnaissance of the Saalfeld and Eisfeld roads. Before advancing too far towards Grafenthal, he must confirm that Augereau has crossed the Main at Oberndorf. Cavalry posts are to carry frequent reports to Kronach, where Napoleon intends to compare intelligence from several directions. A fallback route towards Bamberg is specified. The letter also approves Victor as chief of staff while rebuking his criticism of the 14th Line.", "excerptFrench": "Du moment que vous entrerez à Cobourg, vous m’enverrez tous vos rapports à Kronach. Il est fort urgent qu’ils m’arrivent vite, afin que je puisse comparer vos rapports avec ceux qui m’arrivent d’autres côtés et juger des projets de l’ennemi. Je pense que vous devez placer deux piquets, chacun de 5 chasseurs, entre Cobourg et Kronach, afin que vos rapports puissent arriver rapidement et être fréquents.", "translationEnglish": "As soon as you enter Cobourg, send all your reports to me at Kronach. It is very urgent that they reach me quickly, so that I can compare your reports with those reaching me from other directions and judge the enemy’s plans. I think you should place two posts, each of five chasseurs, between Cobourg and Kronach, so that your reports can arrive quickly and be frequent.", "themeId": "intelligence", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Bamberg, 7 octobre 1806, 2 heures après midi. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The modern edition cites the nineteenth-century Correspondance, no. 10961, based on the dispatched letter supplied by the duc de Montebello; it also identifies a draft at the Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 61. An extract appeared in the Massol/Lartigue sale catalogue of 7 February 2006, p. 18, no. 26.", "Positions, arrivals and a possible attack on Saalburg are instructions or intentions expressed on 7 October. They are not independent confirmation that the proposed movements occurred. The dateline places the writer at Bamberg, not the recipient." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "bamberg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13230.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13230.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13230", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13243", "date": "1806-10-08", "time": "18:00", "title": "A six-hour delay earns Murat a rebuke", "summary": "Napoleon complains that Murat’s letter, written at ten that morning, reached him only around four in the afternoon. He says Murat has not established the cavalry posts Napoleon had ordered, and the ordinary post cannot be relied upon. Napoleon then gives reported and expected positions for Soult, Lannes and Davout. He plans to reach Nordhalben at four the next morning before riding to the advance guard, and directs Murat to send further intelligence there.", "excerptFrench": "Vous n’avez pas placé des piquets de cavalerie comme je vous avais dit de le faire et je vous en témoigne mon mécontentement, parce que votre lettre écrite à 10 heures du matin ne m’est parvenue que vers 4 heures cet après-midi. Vous devez savoir que la poste n’est pas, en ce moment, un moyen sûr de correspondre.", "translationEnglish": "You have not posted cavalry detachments as I told you to do, and I express my displeasure, because your letter written at ten in the morning reached me only around four this afternoon. You must know that the post is not, at this moment, a reliable means of corresponding.", "themeId": "intelligence", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Kronach, 8 octobre 1806, 6 heures après midi. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The modern edition cites the dispatched letter in the Archives nationales, Murat papers, 31 AP 24, dossier 460, p. 7. The summary follows the edited letter; the archival sheet has not been independently checked.", "The main dateline gives Kronach, 8 October, 18:00; the draft, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 82, is dated 17:00. This entry retains 18:00 and records the disagreement. The draft also notes dispatch by a hussar officer sent by Murat to Napoleon." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "murat", "placeId": "kronach", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13243.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13243.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13243", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13246", "date": "1806-10-10", "time": null, "title": "Concentrate the cavalry and find the enemy", "summary": "After Rapp’s report of the previous evening’s success, Napoleon reproaches Murat for dispersing his cavalry: he expected at least four regiments together and saw only two. Reconnaissance should now concentrate on Pösneck and Saalfeld rather than the right flank. Napoleon wants information that would allow reinforcements to move if a large enemy force gathers at Saalfeld. He also orders reconnaissance of a battlefield before Schleiz and urges Murat to gather prisoners and reliable intelligence around Auma.", "excerptFrench": "Votre grande affaire doit être aujourd’hui : 1° de profiter de la journée d’hier soir en ramassant le plus de prisonniers et le plus de renseignements possible ; 2o de reconnaître Auma et Saalfeld, afin de savoir positivement quels sont les mouvements de l’ennemi.", "translationEnglish": "Your main business today must be: first, to exploit yesterday evening’s success by gathering as many prisoners and as much intelligence as possible; second, to reconnoitre Auma and Saalfeld, so as to know definitely what movements the enemy is making.", "themeId": "intelligence", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Ebersdorf, 10 octobre 1806, vers 5 heures du matin. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The modern edition cites the dispatched letter in the Archives nationales, Murat papers, 31 AP 24, dossier 460, p. 8. The editors identify the previous evening’s action as Schleiz against Tauentzien.", "The main dateline is Ebersdorf, 10 October, around 05:00. Because that hour is approximate, the structured time is left blank. The draft, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 85, instead gives Schleiz and records delivery by the orderly officer Lamarche. The place discrepancy remains explicit.", "The letter’s statement that Lannes will attack Saalfeld “tomorrow” is retained as written, rather than silently reconciled with the campaign chronology. Its forecasts and force estimates are Napoleon’s contemporary information and intentions.", "The conflicting Ebersdorf and Schleiz datelines remain unresolved here; this letter is readable without a map pin. Its approximate hour is retained in the notes rather than treated as an exact timeline time." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "murat", "placeId": "ebersdorf-schleiz-unresolved", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13246.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13246.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13246", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13249", "date": "1806-10-10", "time": "17:30", "title": "Send patrols to meet Soult’s men", "summary": "With the cannonade no longer audible, Napoleon infers that the enemy did not hold out long at Saalfeld. He tells Murat that Soult is moving towards Weida and may have his leading troops at Hirschab the following day. Soult has orders to send patrols towards Auma to establish contact, and Murat should send men to meet them. Napoleon also gives tentative expectations for Ney at Schleiz and Dupont at Pösneck, rather than confirmed arrivals.", "excerptFrench": "Le maréchal Soult se rend à Weida. Il est possible que sa tête sera demain à Hirschab. Je lui ai donné l’ordre d’envoyer des partis sur Auma pour correspondre avec vous. Envoyez-en à sa rencontre.", "translationEnglish": "Marshal Soult is going to Weida. It is possible that his leading troops will be at Hirschab tomorrow. I have ordered him to send patrols towards Auma to communicate with you. Send some to meet his.", "themeId": "intelligence", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Schleiz, 10 octobre 1806, 5 heures et demie du soir. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The modern edition cites the dispatched letter in the Archives nationales, Murat papers, 31 AP 24, dossier 460, p. 9. It is an edited transcription, not an independently inspected manuscript.", "The editors note that the nineteenth-century Correspondance, no. 10979, prints “Weinsbach” where this text gives “Hirschab”. The variant is retained as an edition difference; neither place-name is silently substituted for the other.", "The end of the cannonade is the basis for Napoleon’s inference about Saalfeld. The letter does not itself provide an eyewitness account of that action." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "murat", "placeId": "schleiz", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13249.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13249.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13249", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13254", "date": "1806-10-12", "time": "04:00", "title": "Flood the Leipzig plain with cavalry", "summary": "Napoleon expects to reach Gera before midday and believes his dispositions are enveloping the enemy, but he still needs intelligence about its intentions. He directs Murat towards information at the Zeitz post office and urges attacks on columns marching to their concentration points. Napoleon hopes that speed and repeated local successes may break the Prussian army without a general engagement. He reports Davout’s cavalry movement towards Naumburg and orders Murat to spread his own cavalry across the Leipzig plain.", "excerptFrench": "Mais il me faut des renseignements sur ce qu’il veut faire. Vous en trouverez dans la poste de Zeitz. Vous avez vu ce que j’ai fait à Gera ; faites de même ; attaquez hardiment ce qui est en marche. Ce sont des colonnes qui cherchent à se rendre à un point de réunion, et la rapidité de mes mouvements les empêche de recevoir à temps un contre-ordre.", "translationEnglish": "But I need intelligence about what it intends to do. You will find some at the Zeitz post office. You have seen what I did at Gera; do the same; boldly attack whatever is on the march. These are columns trying to reach a concentration point, and the speed of my movements prevents them from receiving a counter-order in time.", "themeId": "intelligence", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Auma, 12 octobre 1806, 4 heures du matin. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The modern edition cites the dispatched letter in the Archives nationales, Murat papers, 31 AP 24, dossier 460, p. 10. A draft, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 90, records that it was sent through de Tournon.", "Napoleon’s claims about enveloping the enemy and the effects of his speed are his operational assessment, not established outcomes. The editor identifies Sahuc’s formation as the 4th Dragoon Division." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "murat", "placeId": "auma", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13254.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13254.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13254", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13258", "date": "1806-10-12", "time": "08:30", "title": "Scout from Naumburg and share the news", "summary": "As he prepares to ride to Gera, Napoleon asks Davout which route he is taking to Naumburg. He suspects that the enemy is evacuating Jena and may be withdrawing behind the Ilm and Saale, but wants Davout to establish the facts. Davout’s light cavalry is to search the plain. News should be sent rapidly to Murat near Zeitz and to Napoleon near Gera, and shared with Ney, whom Napoleon expects at Gera early.", "excerptFrench": "Faites battre la plaine par toute votre cavalerie légère, et envoyez, aussi rapidement que vous pourrez, des nouvelles au prince Murat, qui sera du côté de Zeitz, et à moi, qui serai du côté de Gera. Le maréchal Ney sera à Gera de bonne heure. Vous pouvez lui faire part de ce qui viendra à votre connaissance.", "translationEnglish": "Have all your light cavalry scour the plain, and send news as quickly as you can to Prince Murat, who will be near Zeitz, and to me, who will be near Gera. Marshal Ney will be at Gera early. You can share with him whatever comes to your knowledge.", "themeId": "intelligence", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Auma, 12 octobre 1806, 8 heures et demie du matin. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The modern edition cites a dispatched letter in a private collection, with a microfilm at the Archives nationales, Suchet d’Albufera papers, 398 MI 1. This entry relies on the edited transcription, not direct inspection of the private original or microfilm.", "The proposed enemy withdrawal is explicitly uncertain. Likewise, the locations anticipated for Murat, Ney and Napoleon are prospective instructions for exchanging information, not proof of each person’s presence there." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "auma", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13258.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13258.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13258", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13262", "date": "1806-10-13", "time": "07:00", "title": "Rest the dragoons and prepare thirty thousand rations", "summary": "Napoleon tells Murat to observe the staff’s order for a day of rest and prepare the dragoons for a possible movement to Jena under orders expected that night. He asks for thirty thousand bread rations to be made at Leipzig and sent to Naumburg. Still awaiting news from Jena and Naumburg, he outlines a conditional advance on Weimar and an attack on the sixteenth if the enemy is at Erfurt. He also mentions a possible opportunity against Württemberg’s force.", "excerptFrench": "Reposez vos dragons, afin que, selon l’ordre que je donnerai cette nuit, ils arrivent à Iéna demain. Mon intention est de marcher droit à l’ennemi. Envoyez un commissaire des guerres à Leipzig, avec ordre d’y faire 30 000 rations de pain et de les faire diriger sur Naumburg.", "translationEnglish": "Rest your dragoons so that, according to the order I shall give tonight, they reach Jena tomorrow. My intention is to march straight at the enemy. Send a commissary of war to Leipzig with orders to prepare thirty thousand bread rations there and send them to Naumburg.", "themeId": "supplies", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Gera, 13 octobre 1806, 7 heures du matin. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The modern edition cites a draft at the Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 102. The associated instructions to de Tournon, no. 103, concern delivering the letter, gathering intelligence and returning to Napoleon at Jena.", "The attack proposed for 16 October depends explicitly on the enemy being at Erfurt. This letter records a plan while intelligence is still incomplete, rather than the eventual battle timetable. No writing hour is inferred from the messenger’s separate instructions." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "murat", "placeId": "gera", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13262.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13262.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13262", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13263", "date": "1806-10-13", "time": "07:00", "title": "Leave news at Roda and call Ney if attacked", "summary": "Napoleon tells Lannes that he intends to reach Jena at one, travelling through Roda. He wants reports waiting there about Lannes and any enemy movements. The army has been ordered to rest and allow stragglers or following troops time to catch up, while Ney is expected at Roda during the day. Napoleon estimates that this will place Ney three short leagues from Lannes and instructs Lannes to alert him immediately if the enemy attacks.", "excerptFrench": "Mon cousin, je serai à une heure à Iéna. Je passerai par la petite ville de Roda. Faites en sorte que je trouve là de vos nouvelles et des renseignements sur les mouvements qu’aurait faits l’ennemi.", "translationEnglish": "My cousin, I shall be at Jena at one o’clock. I shall pass through the small town of Roda. Arrange for me to find news from you there and intelligence about any movements the enemy may have made.", "themeId": "intelligence", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Gera, 13 octobre 1806, 7 heures du matin. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The modern edition cites the nineteenth-century Correspondance, no. 10998, based on the dispatched letter supplied by the duc de Montebello. It also cites the draft, Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 101, recording dispatch by the orderly officer Scherb.", "The editorial notes reproduce related instructions to Ney and Scherb. Those are distinct orders: they are not merged into this letter’s text or used to turn Napoleon’s intended journey into a confirmed arrival." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "gera", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13263.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13263.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13263", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13265", "date": "1806-10-13", "time": "09:00", "title": "Bring the cavalry to Dornburg to support Lannes", "summary": "Napoleon now believes that the enemy has begun withdrawing towards Magdeburg. He orders Murat to move quickly with Bernadotte’s corps to Dornburg, bringing the dragoons and all his cavalry. From there Murat could support Lannes if the enemy attacks at Jena instead of continuing its withdrawal. Napoleon reports the capture of stores and a fully horsed pontoon train at Naumburg, and asks Murat to come personally to Jena that night if there is no new information.", "excerptFrench": "Portez-vous le plus tôt possible avec le corps du maréchal Bernadotte sur Dornburg, gros bourg situé entre Iéna et Naumburg. Venez-y surtout avec vos dragons et toute votre cavalerie. Toute la grosse cavalerie et Klein marchent sur Iéna. Je crois que l’ennemi essayera d’attaquer Lannes à Iéna, ou qu’il filera. S’il attaque Lannes, votre position à Dornburg vous mettra à même de le secourir.", "translationEnglish": "Move as quickly as possible with Marshal Bernadotte’s corps to Dornburg, a large town between Jena and Naumburg. Above all, come there with your dragoons and all your cavalry. All the heavy cavalry and Klein are marching on Jena. I think the enemy will try to attack Lannes at Jena, or will move away. If it attacks Lannes, your position at Dornburg will enable you to relieve him.", "themeId": "movement", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Gera, 13 octobre 1806, 9 heures du matin. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The modern edition cites the dispatched letter in the Archives nationales, Murat papers, 31 AP 24, dossier 460, p. 11. Its editorial note also discusses a separate order carried by La Marche to the heavy cavalry and Klein.", "The alternative enemy actions remain Napoleon’s assessment. This letter orders Murat and Bernadotte towards Dornburg; it does not establish their subsequent movements. The captured pontoon train is reported here as news received by Napoleon." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "murat", "placeId": "gera", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13265.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13265.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13265", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13274", "date": "1806-10-16", "time": "11:00", "title": "Survey Erfurt and keep pursuing", "summary": "Napoleon welcomes Erfurt’s capitulation and asks for an engineer officer’s reconnaissance of the town and citadel. He reports that two enemy columns were moving during the night and that Soult and Bernadotte are pursuing them. Murat is urged to waste no time, to put himself between the enemy and Naumburg when possible, and to maintain contact with the army’s corps, especially Soult and Davout. The dispatch combines a request for a survey with continuing pursuit instructions.", "excerptFrench": "J’imagine que vous ne perdez pas un moment pour poursuivre l’ennemi, et que, lorsque vous le pourrez, vous vous placerez entre l’ennemi et Naumburg, et que vous vous mettrez en communication avec tous mes corps d’armée, et surtout avec les corps des maréchaux Soult et Davout.", "translationEnglish": "I imagine that you are not losing a moment in pursuing the enemy, that when you can you will place yourself between the enemy and Naumburg, and that you will establish contact with all my army corps, especially those of Marshals Soult and Davout.", "themeId": "movement", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Weimar, 16 octobre 1806, 11 heures du matin. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The modern edition cites the dispatched letter in the Archives nationales, Murat papers, 31 AP 24, dossier 460, p. 13. The archival document has not been independently inspected for this entry.", "The main dateline gives Weimar, 16 October, 11:00. The editors report 13:00 on the draft, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 118. This entry preserves the main time and exposes the two-hour discrepancy instead of reconciling it silently." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "murat", "placeId": "weimar", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13274.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13274.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13274", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13296", "date": "1806-10-20", "time": "11:30", "title": "News from Magdeburg and a request for Lannes’s position", "summary": "Napoleon reports that Murat, Soult and Ney are blocking Magdeburg from the left bank. He lists captures already reported to him and anticipates intercepting more troops and equipment trying to enter the fortress. He is impatient for news from Lannes so that he can understand the army’s situation. The letter also describes Davout as moving his headquarters to Wittenberg that day while trying to establish a bridge between Dessau and Bernburg; these statements remain attributed to the dispatch.", "excerptFrench": "J’attends avec impatience de vos nouvelles pour savoir où nous en sommes. Davout, de son côté, transporte aujourd’hui son quartier général à Wittemberg, pour tâcher de jeter un pont entre Dessau et Bernburg.", "translationEnglish": "I am impatiently awaiting news from you to know where we stand. Davout, for his part, is moving his headquarters to Wittenberg today, to try to throw a bridge between Dessau and Bernburg.", "themeId": "bridge", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Halle, 20 octobre 1806, 11 heures et demie du matin. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The modern edition cites the nineteenth-century Correspondance, no. 11034, based on the dispatched letter supplied by the duc de Montebello. It also identifies a draft at the Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 142.", "The wording connects a headquarters move to Wittenberg with an intended bridge between Dessau and Bernburg. This entry preserves that wording without relocating the proposed bridge or claiming it was completed. The writing place is Halle." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "halle", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13296.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13296.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13296", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13300", "date": "1806-10-21", "time": null, "title": "Use the repaired bridge at Dessau", "summary": "Napoleon gives Murat an alternative crossing of the Elbe: if passage at Barby is impossible, he should use the bridge at Dessau. The letter says that this bridge had been burnt but repaired, that Lannes’s corps has crossed there, and that Davout’s corps has crossed at Wittenberg over a sound bridge. Napoleon announces his own intended journey to Wittenberg that night. The dispatch supplies a route option; it does not record Murat’s eventual choice.", "excerptFrench": "Si vous ne pouvez pas passer à Barby, venez passer l’Elbe au pont de Dessau ; le pont a été brûlé, mais il a été raccommodé. Je me rends cette nuit à Wittemberg. Le corps du maréchal Davout a passé là ; le pont étant en bon état. Le corps du maréchal Lannes a passé à Dessau.", "translationEnglish": "If you cannot cross at Barby, come and cross the Elbe at the Dessau bridge; the bridge was burnt, but it has been repaired. I am going to Wittenberg tonight. Marshal Davout’s corps crossed there, the bridge being in good condition. Marshal Lannes’s corps crossed at Dessau.", "themeId": "bridge", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Dessau, 21 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The modern edition cites a draft at the Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 144. This is an edited draft witness, not an independently checked dispatched copy.", "The main dateline gives Dessau, 21 October, without an hour. Bridge repairs and the crossings by Davout and Lannes are claims reported by the letter. Murat’s proposed crossing remains conditional." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "murat", "placeId": "dessau", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13300.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13300.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13300", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13310", "date": "1806-10-22", "time": null, "title": "Hurry towards Berlin without exhausting the horses", "summary": "Whichever crossing of the Elbe Murat uses, Napoleon wants him to hurry towards Treuenbrietzen on the way to Berlin. He estimates Murat’s possible position that day and the following evening, but warns him not to exhaust his horses. Napoleon also says he has ordered the Saxon cavalry to dismount. A thousand dismounted men left with Oudinot are to take the horses, with more than one per man if necessary, and move to Wittenberg for organisation.", "excerptFrench": "Dans quelque endroit que vous passiez l’Elbe, dirigez-vous en toute hâte sur Treuenbrietzen pour marcher sur Berlin. Je suppose qu’aujourd’hui vous serez à Dessau ou à la hauteur de Dessau ; que le 23 au soir vous ne serez pas éloigné du point que je vous désigne. Cependant ne crevez point vos chevaux.", "translationEnglish": "Wherever you cross the Elbe, head with all haste for Treuenbrietzen in order to march on Berlin. I suppose that today you will be at Dessau or abreast of Dessau, and that on the evening of the twenty-third you will not be far from the point I designate. However, do not exhaust your horses.", "themeId": "movement", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Dessau, 22 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The modern edition cites a draft at the Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 151. Its annotation records dispatch at 10:00 through de Montesquiou.", "The 10:00 annotation is a sending time, not a writing hour, so the structured time remains blank. Napoleon’s estimate of Murat’s location is not used as proof that Murat was already at Dessau." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "murat", "placeId": "dessau", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13310.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13310.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13310", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13315", "date": "1806-10-23", "time": null, "title": "Prepare Davout’s entry into Berlin", "summary": "This detailed imperial order makes Davout’s entry into Berlin at midday on 25 October conditional on reconnaissance finding his flanks clear. It prescribes the city command, disarmament, an orderly ceremonial entry, camps outside Berlin and precautions on the Spree. Troops are to enter by divisions, baggage must bypass the capital, and two-thirds of the soldiers must remain in camp. If the enemy is reported nearby, Davout should inform Napoleon immediately and slow his movements.", "excerptFrench": "Si les partis de troupes légères, Monsieur le Maréchal, que vous n’aurez pas manqué d’envoyer sur la route de Dresde et sur la Spree, vous assurent que vous n’avez pas d’ennemis sur vos flancs, vous dirigerez votre marche de manière à pouvoir faire votre entrée à Berlin le 25 de ce mois à midi.", "translationEnglish": "If the light-troop patrols, Marshal, which you will not have failed to send along the Dresden road and on the Spree, assure you that there is no enemy on your flanks, direct your march so that you can make your entry into Berlin on the twenty-fifth of this month at midday.", "themeId": "orders", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Wittemberg, 23 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The modern edition cites the nineteenth-century Correspondance, no. 11058, based on the dépôt de la Guerre. This entry follows that published witness; it does not claim that an original or autograph has been inspected.", "The order speaks of the Emperor in the third person, transmitting his intentions to Davout. Its internal reference to the corps’ conduct at “Iéna” is retained as the wording of this document, rather than silently replaced with “Auerstedt”.", "The specified entry time is an intended event on 25 October, not the writing time on 23 October. The movement is expressly conditional on intelligence about the enemy; the order alone does not prove that the entry or prescribed camp arrangements occurred." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "wittenberg", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13315.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13315.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13315", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13322", "date": "1806-10-24", "time": null, "title": "Send Davout’s dragoons towards Oranienburg", "summary": "Napoleon reports that a substantial enemy column has left Magdeburg for Stettin and that French forces are manoeuvring to cut it off. With Lannes’s light cavalry and the cavalry reserve moving towards Oranienburg, he wants Davout’s dragoon division sent there too. Small patrols should establish contact with Milhaud and Lasalle, while others seek intelligence eight or ten leagues from Berlin. Napoleon requests news from the city and says Spandau will be cannonaded that day because it is resisting.", "excerptFrench": "Envoyez de petits partis pour vous mettre en correspondance avec le général Milhaud, qui sera dans la matinée à Hennigsdorf, le général Lasalle qui sera à Oranienburg ; de l’autre côté, envoyez des partis à huit ou dix lieues de Berlin chercher des renseignements, et faites-moi connaître tous les renseignements que vous pourrez avoir dans cette grande ville.", "translationEnglish": "Send small patrols to establish contact with General Milhaud, who will be at Hennigsdorf during the morning, and General Lasalle, who will be at Oranienburg; on the other side, send patrols eight or ten leagues from Berlin to seek intelligence, and let me know all the intelligence you can obtain in that great city.", "themeId": "intelligence", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Potsdam, 24 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The modern edition cites a dispatched letter in a private collection, with a microfilm at the Archives nationales, Suchet d’Albufera papers, 398 MI 1. Neither the original nor microfilm has been independently inspected for this entry.", "The main dateline gives Potsdam, 24 October, without an hour. The expected locations of Milhaud and Lasalle and the proposed bombardment are contemporary reports or plans, not independently verified positions or completed actions." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "potsdam", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13322.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13322.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13322", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13351", "date": "1806-10-26", "time": "10:00", "title": "Push towards Falkenthal while the pursuit closes in", "summary": "Napoleon urges Lannes to push his advance guard to Falkenthal and bring the corps as close behind as possible. He expects Bernadotte at Fehrbellin the next day and believes the enemy will escape only at heavy cost. A postscript relays Soult’s report of 24 October about the Duke of Weimar’s column, its attempted route towards Tangermünde and Soult’s pursuit. Napoleon confidently predicts its capture and reports prisoners taken from Blücher’s rear guard; the prediction remains distinct from an accomplished surrender.", "excerptFrench": "Mon cousin, tâchez de pousser votre avant-garde jusqu’à Falkenthal et votre corps d’armée le plus près possible de cette ville. Le maréchal Bernadotte sera demain à Fehrbellin. Je ne pense pas que l’ennemi puisse se tirer de là, sans qu’il ne lui en coûte gros.", "translationEnglish": "My cousin, try to push your advance guard as far as Falkenthal and your army corps as close as possible to that town. Marshal Bernadotte will be at Fehrbellin tomorrow. I do not think the enemy can get out of there without paying dearly for it.", "themeId": "movement", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Potsdam, 26 octobre 1806, 10 heures du matin. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The modern edition cites a draft at the Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 185, and an extract in the Massol/Lartigue sale catalogue of 7 February 2006, p. 21, no. 30.", "The editors identify the postscript as identical to that in the same day’s letter to Murat, CG6-13354. This is a distinct dispatch to Lannes, not an extra copy of the Murat record; the shared intelligence should not be counted as independent corroboration.", "The prediction that no man of the Duke of Weimar’s column will escape is Napoleon’s expectation when writing, not an outcome established by this letter." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "lannes", "placeId": "potsdam", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13351.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13351.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13351", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13355", "date": "1806-10-26", "time": null, "title": "Keep cavalry half a day from Lannes and scout towards Stettin", "summary": "Napoleon orders Murat to send patrols towards Prenzlau and Strelitz after passing Zehdenick. He wants the cavalry half a day’s march from Lannes, both to avoid obstructing him and to secure provisions. More light-cavalry patrols should gather information, with Bernadotte following a day behind. Napoleon describes reports of enemy columns wandering towards Küstrin or Stettin, says he has been told Stettin lacks supplies, and wants patrols at its walls on 28 October to seek prisoners and local information.", "excerptFrench": "J’imagine que maréchal Lannes, s’il n’a pas d’autres renseignements, ne sera pas loin de Zehdenick, il faut qu’avec votre cavalerie vous vous trouviez à une demi-journée de lui, tant pour ne pas l’embarrasser que pour avoir des vivres.", "translationEnglish": "I imagine that Marshal Lannes, unless he has other intelligence, will not be far from Zehdenick; your cavalry must be half a day’s march from him, both so as not to obstruct him and so as to obtain provisions.", "themeId": "intelligence", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Potsdam, 26 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The modern edition cites the dispatched letter in the Archives nationales, Murat papers, 31 AP 24, dossier 460, p. 14. The main dateline gives Potsdam, 26 October, without an hour.", "The enemy’s uncertain routes and Stettin’s alleged lack of provisions are intelligence reported to Napoleon. His instructions to obtain information from prisoners and captured burgomasters are described as orders, not as events shown to have occurred." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "murat", "placeId": "potsdam", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13355.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13355.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13355", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13368", "date": "1806-10-28", "time": "12:00", "title": "Keep after Hohenlohe and coordinate the two corps", "summary": "Napoleon tells Murat to follow Hohenlohe wherever he goes and, if possible, prevent his crossing the Oder. He describes Soult’s effort to block the Duke of Weimar’s column and gives instructions for pursuit if it crosses the Elbe. Should Murat pursue towards Stralsund, he is to return the cuirassiers towards Berlin. Lannes and Bernadotte are to move on parallel routes no more than three or four leagues apart. Napoleon asks eagerly for news and reports his own entry into Berlin.", "excerptFrench": "Vous avez les corps des maréchaux Lannes et Bernadotte ; c’est tout ce qu’il vous faut. Dirigez-les sur deux directions parallèles, de manière qu’ils se trouvent à trois ou quatre lieues au plus de distance l’une de l’autre. J’attends de vos nouvelles avec une extrême curiosité.", "translationEnglish": "You have the corps of Marshals Lannes and Bernadotte; that is all you need. Direct them along two parallel routes, so that they are no more than three or four leagues apart. I await your news with the keenest curiosity.", "themeId": "movement", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Berlin, 28 octobre 1806, midi. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The modern edition cites the dispatched letter in the Archives nationales, Murat papers, 31 AP 24, dossier 460, p. 16. The dateline is Berlin, 28 October, noon.", "In the paragraph about Hohenlohe, the text first says to prevent his crossing the Oder, then says to cross the Elbe after him if this cannot be prevented. That geographical inconsistency is preserved here, not silently changed to “Oder”. The selected passage avoids imposing a corrected river route.", "Napoleon’s report of entering Berlin the previous day concerns his own movement. It does not place the recipient Murat in Berlin." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "murat", "placeId": "berlin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13368.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13368.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13368", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13373", "date": "1806-10-29", "time": null, "title": "Send dismounted cavalry to Spandau for horses", "summary": "Napoleon passes Davout news of Hohenlohe’s surrender at Prenzlau, listing troops, guns, flags and prominent prisoners. He says four thousand captured cavalrymen will reach Spandau the following day and directs Davout to send his own dismounted cavalry there to obtain saddled horses. Davout should share the news with his corps. Napoleon also predicts that Blücher’s column may be captured the next day and awaits word from Soult about the Duke of Weimar; neither prospective capture is treated as accomplished.", "excerptFrench": "Ces 4 000 hommes de cavalerie arrivent demain à Spandau ; et, comme tous mes dragons à pied sont déjà montés, envoyez tous vos hommes de la cavalerie qui sont à pied pour y avoir des chevaux ; les chevaux sont sellés et en état.", "translationEnglish": "These four thousand cavalrymen arrive at Spandau tomorrow; and, as all my dismounted dragoons are already mounted, send all your cavalrymen who are on foot there to obtain horses; the horses are saddled and ready.", "themeId": "supplies", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Berlin, 29 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The modern edition cites a dispatched letter in a private collection, with a microfilm at the Archives nationales, Suchet d’Albufera papers, 398 MI 1. This entry relies on the edited text rather than direct inspection of either witness.", "The figures for Prenzlau and the prisoners’ expected arrival at Spandau are Napoleon’s reported news. The instruction concerns obtaining remounts; the dispatch does not establish that Davout’s cavalrymen actually received them. No writing hour is supplied." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "berlin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13373.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13373.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13373", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13376", "date": "1806-10-29", "time": null, "title": "Praise the cavalry after Prenzlau", "summary": "Napoleon acknowledges news of the fighting at Prenzlau and directs Murat to convey his satisfaction to the dragoons and to the light cavalry of Milhaud and Lasalle. This brief message gives no casualty figures, tactical account or further movement order.", "excerptFrench": "Je reçois la nouvelle du combat de Prenzlau. Témoignez-en ma satisfaction aux dragons et à la cavalerie légère de Milhaud et Lasalle.", "translationEnglish": "I have received news of the fighting at Prenzlau. Express my satisfaction to the dragoons and to Milhaud’s and Lasalle’s light cavalry.", "themeId": "morale", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Berlin, 29 octobre 1806. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The modern edition cites a draft at the Archives nationales, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 213. The main dateline is Berlin, 29 October, without an hour.", "The excerpt reproduces the complete 22-word letter body, with editorial footnote markers removed. The summary is deliberately brief because the dispatch itself contains only the acknowledgement and instruction to convey praise. The editor’s contextual note identifies the capitulation of Hohenlohe’s remaining force at Prenzlau." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "murat", "placeId": "berlin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13376.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13376.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13376", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13390", "date": "1806-10-31", "time": "08:00", "title": "Stettin’s fall raises hopes for Küstrin", "summary": "Napoleon reports another surrender to Milhaud and the taking of Stettin by Lasalle’s two hussar regiments, giving figures for its garrison, artillery and stores. He considers Küstrin’s capture more plausible after these successes and wants intelligence about troops that have passed through it. His estimates of the remaining columns under the Duke of Weimar and Blücher are accompanied by a confident expectation that the pursuing marshals and Murat have already captured them. This remains an expectation, not verified news.", "excerptFrench": "Stettin est pris ; on y a trouvé 160 pièces de canon en batterie, 6 000 hommes de garnison de belles troupes, beaucoup de généraux. Tout cela a été pris par le général Lasalle et ses deux régiments de hussards. Des magasins de toute espèce existent dans cette place.", "translationEnglish": "Stettin is taken; one hundred and sixty guns were found there in battery, a garrison of six thousand fine troops, and many generals. All this was taken by General Lasalle and his two hussar regiments. Stores of every kind exist in the place.", "themeId": "intelligence", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Berlin, 31 octobre 1806, 8 heures du matin. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The modern edition cites a dispatched letter in a private collection, with a microfilm at the Archives nationales, Suchet d’Albufera papers, 398 MI 1. Its figures and assessments are attributed to Napoleon’s report, not independently verified totals.", "The editors note that the draft, AF IV 871, October 1806, no. 237, includes a sentence absent from the dispatched copy: Napoleon says a check at Stettin found that no Prussian soldier had passed through the town. That additional claim, printed in the nineteenth-century Correspondance no. 11122, is not inserted into this letter’s main text.", "The stated total of 22,000 remaining men sits alongside estimates of 14,000 and 7,000–8,000 for the two columns. These approximate figures are preserved as contemporary estimates rather than silently harmonised." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "davout", "placeId": "berlin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13390.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13390.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13390", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." }, { "id": "napoleonica-cg6-13400", "date": "1806-10-31", "time": "08:00", "title": "Congratulate the light cavalry, then deny it a rest", "summary": "Napoleon congratulates Murat on Stettin’s capture and jokes that cavalry taking fortresses might make engineers and heavy guns unnecessary. He immediately insists that the work is unfinished: Blücher and the Duke of Weimar still have to be caught. Referring to Bernadotte’s close pursuit and Soult farther behind, he urges relentless pressure and prevention of a retreat to Stralsund if the enemy heads there. Murat is to allow no rest until both columns have laid down their arms.", "excerptFrench": "Mon frère, je vous fais mon compliment sur la prise de Stettin ; si votre cavalerie légère prend ainsi des villes fortes, il faudra que je licencie le génie et que je fasse fondre mes grosses pièces ! Mais il n’y a encore rien de fait ; vous avez encore plus de 25 000 hommes à prendre.", "translationEnglish": "My brother, I congratulate you on the capture of Stettin; if your light cavalry takes fortified towns like this, I shall have to dismiss the engineers and melt down my heavy guns! But nothing is done yet; you still have more than twenty-five thousand men to capture.", "themeId": "morale", "notes": [ "Dateline in the modern edition: Berlin, 31 octobre 1806, 8 heures du matin. Writing time and place do not establish delivery or the recipient’s location.", "The modern edition cites the dispatched letter in the Archives nationales, Murat papers, 31 AP 24, dossier 460, p. 17. The dateline is Berlin, 31 October, 08:00.", "The remark about dismissing the engineers and melting down the guns is rhetorical praise, not an administrative order. The remaining captures and the proposed pressure towards Stralsund are demands or conditional instructions, not accomplished outcomes. The editor identifies Gérard as Bernadotte’s first aide-de-camp." ], "direction": "received", "senderId": "napoleon", "recipientId": "murat", "placeId": "berlin", "davoutPlaceId": null, "sourceId": "napoleonica-cg6-1806", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13400.md", "letterSourceUrl": "https://www.napoleonica.org/en/collections/correspondance/CG6-13400.md", "page": null, "letterNumber": "CG6-13400", "verificationLevel": "edition-checked", "verification": "Selected French passage and dateline checked against the Fondation Napoléon’s Napoleonica edited transcription on 27 October 2026; English summary and translation newly prepared. No manuscript or autograph comparison was made." } ], "events": [ { "id": "command-napoleon-1795-10-26-interior", "date": "1795-10-26", "title": "Bonaparte becomes head of the Army of the Interior", "summary": "The Fondation Napoléon chronology dates Bonaparte’s appointment as commander-in-chief of the Army of the Interior to 26 October 1795. This marks an army command, distinct from his earlier artillery service and subordinate role under Barras. It is historical context, not a letter to Davout or Lannes.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleon.org/histoire-des-2-empires/chronologies/chronologie-de-la-correspondance-generale-de-napoleon-bonaparte-tome-premier-les-apprentissages-1784-1797", "marshalIds": [ "napoleon" ], "kind": "command", "placeId": null, "rank": "Général de division", "commandType": "army-appointment", "letterIds": [] }, { "id": "command-napoleon-1796-03-02-italy", "date": "1796-03-02", "title": "Appointed commander-in-chief of the Army of Italy", "summary": "On 2 March 1796 Bonaparte is appointed to command the Army of Italy after Schérer’s resignation. Appointment precedes his arrival with the army and the April offensive. This context milestone is separate from the direct correspondence collected here.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleon.org/histoire-des-2-empires/chronologies/chronologie-de-la-correspondance-generale-de-napoleon-bonaparte-tome-premier-les-apprentissages-1784-1797", "marshalIds": [ "napoleon" ], "kind": "command", "placeId": null, "rank": "Général de division", "commandType": "army-appointment", "letterIds": [] }, { "id": "command-napoleon-1796-04-09-savona", "date": "1796-04-09", "title": "At Savona, a decision to begin the offensive", "summary": "The Fondation Napoléon chronology places Bonaparte at Savona on 9 April 1796 and records his decision to begin the offensive without waiting. This is a selected early action in his Italian army command, not a claim that it was his first military action or a surviving letter to Davout or Lannes.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleon.org/histoire-des-2-empires/chronologies/chronologie-de-la-correspondance-generale-de-napoleon-bonaparte-tome-premier-les-apprentissages-1784-1797", "marshalIds": [ "napoleon" ], "kind": "command", "placeId": null, "rank": "Général de division", "commandType": "army-action", "letterIds": [] }, { "id": "context-1798-nile", "date": "1798-08-30", "title": "An order about Nile traffic", "summary": "Bonaparte orders Lannes to stop the posts at Abou-Seyfeny firing on passing Nile boats. He says that firing obstructs navigation and that gunboats already stationed upstream and downstream are responsible for inspecting the vessels.", "placeId": "cairo", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondancede04napouoft/page/n454/mode/1up", "kind": "context", "marshalIds": [ "lannes", "napoleon" ] }, { "id": "command-lannes-1800-05-10", "date": "1800-05-10", "title": "Earlier experience: the Army of Reserve’s advance guard", "summary": "Lannes takes command of the Army of Reserve’s advance guard as a general. His surviving May–June letters show that command in action. This is a precursor to his later numbered corps: he is neither a marshal nor commander-in-chief of the whole army.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleon.org/histoire-des-2-empires/biographies/lannes-jean-1769-1809-duc-de-montebello-marechal/", "marshalIds": [ "lannes" ], "kind": "command", "placeId": null, "rank": "General of division", "commandType": "precursor-advance-guard", "letterIds": [ "lannes-1800-05-16-berthier", "lannes-1800-05-21-berthier-saint-martin", "lannes-1800-06-15-berthier" ] }, { "id": "context-1800-marengo", "date": "1800-06-15", "title": "Marengo, in Lannes’s report", "summary": "In his report to Berthier the day after Marengo, Lannes describes ordering a retreat when his position was threatened, then attacking again. He insists his withdrawal remained orderly despite intense artillery and cavalry pressure. This is a commander’s account of his own troops, not an independent reconstruction of the whole battle.", "placeId": "spinetta", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/histoiredelacam00unkngoog/page/n278/mode/1up", "kind": "context", "marshalIds": [ "lannes" ] }, { "id": "davout-command-1800-07-03", "date": "1800-07-03", "title": "Davout: command of the Army of Italy’s cavalry", "summary": "Promoted to général de division, Davout was assigned the cavalry of the Army of Italy, subordinate to its commander-in-chief. This is the earliest broad command retained here under the inclusive cavalry-command criterion. It was not command of the whole army, and his letter of 7 August shows that the appointment had initially been implemented only in part.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleon.org/histoire-des-2-empires/articles/davout-homme-de-devoir-1-le-soldat/", "marshalIds": [ "davout" ], "kind": "command", "placeId": null, "rank": "Général de division", "commandType": "army-cavalry", "letterIds": [ "davout-1800-08-04-vaularee", "davout-1800-08-07-war-minister" ] }, { "id": "davout-command-1800-12-25", "date": "1800-12-25", "title": "Davout: cavalry in the Mincio operations", "summary": "An early operational episode in his Army of Italy cavalry command. Davout’s later letter to Baron explicitly remembers the 6th Dragoons’ conduct at the Mincio crossing on 4 nivôse, corresponding to 25 December 1800. This is a retrospective letter anchor, not a same-day dispatch or a claim that it was his first-ever cavalry action.", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/blocqueville-le-marechal-davout-prince-d-eckmuhl-v-2/page/n22/mode/1up", "marshalIds": [ "davout" ], "kind": "command", "placeId": null, "rank": "Général de division", "commandType": "army-cavalry-action", "letterIds": [ "davout-1801-04-24-baron" ] }, { "id": "davout-command-1803-08-28", "date": "1803-08-28", "title": "Davout: a corps at the camp of Bruges", "summary": "The First Consul appointed Davout to command the camp of Bruges on 10 fructidor XI, 28 August 1803. Berthier notified him on the following day and specified three divisions, cavalry and supporting services. The notification itself calls the formation a corps d’armée. This is the clear multi-division corps threshold, before Davout became a marshal; headquarters and camp locations in the order are instructions, not proof of his arrival.", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n69/mode/1up", "marshalIds": [ "davout" ], "kind": "command", "placeId": null, "rank": "Général de division; commander-in-chief of the camp", "commandType": "army-corps", "letterIds": [ "incoming-1803-08-29-berthier-davout", "incoming-1803-09-05-berthier-davout", "davout-5" ] }, { "id": "context-1803-health", "date": "1803-09-28", "title": "Keeping an army alive", "summary": "Napoleon’s warning to Davout makes illness and unhealthy postings a central problem before the campaigning chapters. This is a dated instruction and concern, not proof of the troops’ subsequent health.", "placeId": "paris", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-septembre-1803/4/", "kind": "context", "marshalIds": [ "davout", "napoleon" ] }, { "id": "context-1804-diplomacy", "date": "1804-04-16", "title": "A general in diplomacy", "summary": "The First Consul advises Lannes on diplomatic coordination. The recipient’s Lisbon assignment does not by itself establish where Lannes was when this letter arrived.", "placeId": "saint-cloud", "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-avril-1804/2/", "kind": "context", "marshalIds": [ "lannes", "napoleon" ] }, { "id": "command-lannes-1804-05-19", "date": "1804-05-19", "title": "Lannes becomes a marshal", "summary": "Lannes receives the dignity of marshal of the Empire. The appointment changes his status; it is not itself an appointment to command a corps or army. His diplomatic service at Lisbon belongs to this intervening period.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleon.org/histoire-des-2-empires/biographies/lannes-jean-1769-1809-duc-de-montebello-marechal/", "marshalIds": [ "lannes" ], "kind": "command", "placeId": null, "rank": "Marshal of the Empire", "commandType": "marshal-appointment", "letterIds": [ "incoming-1804-04-16-napoleon-lannes" ] }, { "id": "davout-command-1804-05-19", "date": "1804-05-19", "title": "Davout becomes a Marshal of the Empire", "summary": "Davout received the dignity of Marshal of the Empire in the first promotion. This changed his status; it did not begin his command at Bruges. The linked October letter is an existing example of his work after the appointment, dealing with convalescents and rest quarters, not a claim to be his first act as marshal.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleon.org/histoire-des-2-empires/articles/davout-homme-de-devoir-1-le-soldat/", "marshalIds": [ "davout" ], "kind": "command", "placeId": null, "rank": "Maréchal d’Empire — a dignity, not a new unit command", "commandType": "marshal-appointment", "letterIds": [ "davout-64" ] }, { "id": "command-lannes-1805-03-22", "date": "1805-03-22", "title": "First numbered corps: the coastal army’s 4th corps", "summary": "Lannes is appointed to command the 4th corps of the Army of the Ocean Coasts, intended as its advance guard. This is the earliest formal numbered-corps command established in this research. Its coastal numbering precedes the Grande Armée’s V Corps.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.defense.gouv.fr/en/node/3435", "marshalIds": [ "lannes" ], "kind": "command", "placeId": null, "rank": "Marshal of the Empire", "commandType": "corps-appointment", "letterIds": [] }, { "id": "command-lannes-1805-08-29", "date": "1805-08-29", "title": "V Corps in the Grande Armée’s organisation", "summary": "Napoleon’s order to Berthier explicitly places the 5th corps under Lannes, with three divisions and a light-cavalry division envisaged. This is a dated organisational witness, not a claim that Lannes was first appointed that day. The order is context, not an additional direct letter to Lannes.", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Ha3SAAAAMAAJ/page/n163/mode/2up", "marshalIds": [ "lannes" ], "kind": "command", "placeId": null, "rank": "Marshal of the Empire", "commandType": "corps-organisation", "letterIds": [ "incoming-1805-09-26-napoleon-lannes", "incoming-1805-09-30-napoleon-lannes" ] }, { "id": "command-lannes-1805-10-08", "date": "1805-10-08", "title": "Wertingen: an opening action as a marshal", "summary": "Lannes fights at Wertingen during his first campaign as a marshal and corps commander. The next day’s letters expose both the praise and the practical limits: Napoleon commends the grenadiers, while Lannes asks Berthier for a corps strong enough to undertake larger operations.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleon.org/histoire-des-2-empires/biographies/lannes-jean-1769-1809-duc-de-montebello-marechal/", "marshalIds": [ "lannes" ], "kind": "command", "placeId": null, "rank": "Marshal of the Empire", "commandType": "corps-action", "letterIds": [ "incoming-1805-10-09-napoleon-lannes", "lannes-1805-10-09-berthier" ] }, { "id": "context-1805-austerlitz", "date": "1805-12-02", "title": "Austerlitz, in Davout’s report", "summary": "Davout reports close fighting and heavy losses in a dispatch written on the battle date. The map follows its Menitz dateline; the account remains a participant’s report.", "placeId": "menitz", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n259/mode/1up", "kind": "context", "marshalIds": [ "davout" ] }, { "id": "context-170", "date": "1806-09-15", "title": "Preparing for war", "summary": "From Paris, Davout reports the departure of part of the Guard and orders practical preparations for his corps, including obtaining cooking pots. This marks a letter about preparations; it is not a declared start date for the campaign.", "placeId": "paris", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n330/mode/1up", "kind": "context", "marshalIds": [ "davout" ] }, { "id": "context-179", "date": "1806-10-14", "title": "Auerstedt: the first dispatch", "summary": "Davout’s evening report describes a bloody victory after meeting the enemy beyond Kösen, with serious officer losses and many wounded. The edition identifies the action as Auerstedt. Enemy strength and casualty descriptions remain contemporary claims.", "placeId": "eckartsberga", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n342/mode/1up", "kind": "battle", "marshalIds": [ "davout" ] }, { "id": "context-190", "date": "1806-10-20", "title": "The Elbe crossed at Wittenberg", "summary": "Davout reports that the corps has crossed to the Elbe’s right bank and that the bridge has been saved from fire. The date 20 October is consistent in letters 189 and 190. The letters differ over the advance guard’s hour: 10:00 and 09:00 respectively.", "placeId": "wittenberg", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n357/mode/1up", "kind": "context", "marshalIds": [ "davout" ] }, { "id": "context-197", "date": "1806-10-24", "title": "At Berlin’s outskirts, orders collide", "summary": "Davout writes to Lannes after learning that the latter’s hussars have entered Berlin, ahead of the planned first entry by the 3rd Corps. The dateline establishes the outskirts on 24 October. The 25 October entry is still future in the letter.", "placeId": "berlin", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n364/mode/1up", "kind": "context", "marshalIds": [ "davout", "lannes" ] }, { "id": "context-216", "date": "1806-11-09", "title": "In Posen: soldiers and Polish hopes", "summary": "On reaching Posen, Davout reports a broad wish to throw off Prussian rule, while his letter also follows the continuing arrival of his divisions. This is his reading of local opinion. Posen is modern Poznań; the letter does not prove unanimous political support.", "placeId": "poznan", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n390/mode/1up", "kind": "context", "marshalIds": [ "davout" ] }, { "id": "context-eylau", "date": "1807-02-08", "title": "Eylau: the battle and the gap in the letters", "summary": "Napoleon’s letter to Cambacérès of 9 February dates the battle to 8 February. The 58th bulletin credits Davout’s attack and describes snow delaying his columns: this is the official French account, not an independent verdict. Its web transcription is headed 9 February but mentions burials on 10 February, a dating tension left unresolved. Mazade’s printed outgoing sequence goes from letters dated 7 February to 11 February; this atlas invents no battle-day dispatch to fill that gap.", "placeId": null, "sourceUrl": "https://napoleon-histoire.com/correspondance-de-napoleon-fevrier-1807/2/", "kind": "battle", "supportingSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced03davogoog/page/n477/mode/1up", "marshalIds": [ "davout" ] }, { "id": "service-lannes-1809-05-22-wounded", "date": "1809-05-22", "title": "Lannes wounded at Aspern-Essling", "summary": "Lannes was gravely wounded at Aspern-Essling on 22 May 1809. This marks the end of his active field command in this trail; he did not die on the battlefield that day. This is separate historical context, not a dispatch or a reconstructed final speech.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.defense.gouv.fr/en/node/3435", "supportingSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n343/mode/1up", "marshalIds": [ "lannes" ], "kind": "service", "placeId": null, "rank": "Marshal of the Empire", "commandType": "service-end-wounded", "letterIds": [ "lannes-1809-05-16-louise-lannes" ] }, { "id": "service-lannes-1809-05-31-death", "date": "1809-05-31", "title": "Lannes dies at Ebersdorf", "summary": "Lannes died at Ebersdorf near Vienna on 31 May 1809 from his Essling wounds. Wounding and death are different dates. Accounts disagree about the conversations and circumstances at his bedside; this trail does not convert those anecdotes into letters or dialogue.", "sourceUrl": "https://francearchives.gouv.fr/fr/pages_histoire/40080", "supportingSourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/lemarchallannes00thougoog/page/n348/mode/1up", "marshalIds": [ "lannes" ], "kind": "service", "placeId": null, "rank": "Marshal of the Empire", "commandType": "death", "letterIds": [] }, { "id": "service-napoleon-1814-abdication", "date": "1814-04-06", "title": "The first abdication", "summary": "Napoleon’s unconditional abdication interrupts his rule in 1814. This is a contextual milestone, not a direct letter in the collection.", "placeId": null, "kind": "context", "marshalIds": [ "napoleon" ], "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleon.org/histoire-des-2-empires/chronologies/vie-et-regne-de-napoleon" }, { "id": "davout-hamburg-handover-1814", "date": "1814-05-11", "title": "Hamburg command passes to Gérard", "summary": "César de Laville’s retrospective siege memoir, written under Davout’s direction and reproduced by Mazade, says Gérard arrived and took command on 11 May 1814. It describes the French columns leaving on 27, 29 and 31 May. This participant account defended the conduct of the siege; it is a context anchor, not a surviving dispatch in this selection.", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced02davogoog/page/n358/mode/1up", "marshalIds": [ "davout" ], "kind": "context", "placeId": null, "rank": "Marshal", "commandType": "corps command transferred", "letterIds": [], "sourceId": "mazade1885-v4", "verification": "Printed pp. 287, 348–349 visually checked. Mazade attributes the memoir to César de Laville, chief of staff, written under Davout’s inspiration. This is a retrospective participant account with an apologetic purpose, not an independently verified diary.", "notes": [ "The memoir describes hostilities ceasing and the white flag being raised on 29 April, command transfer on 11 May, and troop departures on three later dates. These are not interchangeable.", "No map presence is inferred from this context event; the underlying letters remain the personal-location evidence." ] }, { "id": "service-napoleon-1815-return", "date": "1815-03-20", "title": "Back in Paris", "summary": "Napoleon returns to Paris during the Hundred Days. His later 1815 correspondence is distinct from the period following his 1814 abdication.", "placeId": null, "kind": "context", "marshalIds": [ "napoleon" ], "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleon.org/histoire-des-2-empires/chronologies/vie-et-regne-de-napoleon" }, { "id": "service-napoleon-1815-waterloo", "date": "1815-06-18", "title": "Waterloo", "summary": "The defeat at Waterloo precedes the second abdication by four days. This chronological marker does not supply a missing battle-day letter to Davout or Lannes.", "placeId": null, "kind": "context", "marshalIds": [ "napoleon" ], "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleon.org/histoire-des-2-empires/chronologies/vie-et-regne-de-napoleon" }, { "id": "service-napoleon-1815-06-22-abdication", "date": "1815-06-22", "title": "Abdication ends Napoleon’s authority as head of state", "summary": "Napoleon’s declaration of 22 June 1815 announces the end of his political life and his abdication in favour of his son. The Fondation Napoléon edition uses this date to close the Hundred Days correspondence as head of state. This is separate endpoint context: later exile and later personal letters are not military service, and the last selected direct letter of 14 June is not claimed to be his last ever.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.napoleon.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/introlentz_correspondancenap_vol-15_1814-1821_supplement_bat-3.pdf", "marshalIds": [ "napoleon" ], "kind": "service", "placeId": null, "rank": "Emperor of the French until abdication", "commandType": "service-endpoint", "letterIds": [] }, { "id": "davout-loire-handover-1815", "date": "1815-08-01", "title": "Davout hands over his last army command", "summary": "From Bourges, Davout reports that he handed the Army of the Loire to Macdonald that day after the king accepted his request to relinquish command. This is the atlas’s documented end of his active army command. His later restoration to honours and peerage are separate from command in the field.", "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/correspondanced02davogoog/page/n644/mode/1up", "marshalIds": [ "davout" ], "kind": "service", "placeId": null, "rank": "Marshal", "commandType": "army command relinquished", "letterIds": [ "davout-1824", "davout-1830" ], "sourceId": "mazade1885-v4", "supportingSourceUrl": "https://www.servicehistorique.sga.defense.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/notices_files/SHDGR_INV_C1954.pdf", "verification": "Letter 1830 heading, date and handover passage on pp. 635–636 visually checked. SHD inventory C, registers section, independently lists Macdonald’s Loire correspondence from 1 August 1815.", "notes": [ "The ministerial notification accepted an earlier request on 26 July; Davout reiterated resignation on 27 July. The explicit report says the actual handover occurred today, 1 August.", "This is not a claim that the printed no.1830 was Davout’s final-ever letter, or that his later public life ended in 1815." ] } ], "themes": [ { "id": "bridge", "label": "Bridges & crossings", "description": "Bridges, boats and maintaining a river crossing." }, { "id": "supplies", "label": "Supplies", "description": "Food, equipment, ammunition and other material needs." }, { "id": "wounded", "label": "Care of wounded", "description": "Treatment, evacuation and support for wounded men." }, { "id": "movement", "label": "Movement", "description": "Marches, concentration and the arrival or delay of units." }, { "id": "orders", "label": "Orders & coordination", "description": "Instructions, acknowledgements and resolving conflicting orders." }, { "id": "battle", "label": "Battle reports", "description": "Accounts of fighting, victory and losses." }, { "id": "intelligence", "label": "Intelligence", "description": "Reconnaissance, reported enemy movements and requests for news." }, { "id": "quarters", "label": "Rest & quarters", "description": "Rest, lodging and the allocation of cantonments." }, { "id": "maps", "label": "Maps & terrain", "description": "Maps, rivers, marshes, causeways and terrain knowledge." }, { "id": "politics", "label": "Politics & authority", "description": "Local political claims, governance and control of property." }, { "id": "morale", "label": "Morale & honour", "description": "Praise, grief, loyalty and honours." }, { "id": "fortifications", "label": "Fortifications", "description": "Defences, strongpoints and preparing a secure base." } ], "marshals": [ { "id": "davout", "label": "Davout" }, { "id": "lannes", "label": "Lannes" }, { "id": "napoleon", "label": "Napoleon", "correspondenceWith": [ "davout", "lannes", "murat", "berthier" ], "scopeNote": "Selected direct correspondence with Davout, Lannes, Murat and Berthier. The October 1806 Napoleonica batch expands this bounded selection; it is not the whole imperial correspondence." }, { "id": "berthier", "label": "Berthier", "correspondenceWith": [ "davout", "lannes", "murat", "napoleon" ], "scopeNote": "Selected headquarters correspondence with Davout, Lannes, Murat and Napoleon. The October 1806 batch includes Napoleon’s instructions to Berthier. Coverage beyond the 1805–07 reading remains incomplete, not evidence of inactivity." }, { "id": "murat", "label": "Murat", "correspondenceWith": [ "davout", "lannes", "napoleon", "berthier" ], "scopeNote": "This first Murat selection follows cavalry reports and orders in 1805–07 with Davout, Lannes, Napoleon and Berthier. Its dates describe source coverage, not the beginning or end of Murat’s service. His later kingdom and full career have not been assembled." } ], "chapters": [ { "id": "first-army", "title": "First army commands", "kicker": "Chapter 01 · 1795–97", "to": "1797-12-31", "description": "Bonaparte’s army appointments and an early Italian-campaign order to Lannes. Three milestones are context; the sole selected dispatch is dated 14 June 1796.", "from": "1795-10-26" }, { "id": "egypt", "title": "Egypt & the return", "kicker": "Chapter 02 · 1798–1800", "to": "1800-05-14", "description": "Honours recalling Arcole, preparations for embarkation, an order on Nile traffic, and letters about leaving Egypt. The selection begins in 1798; it does not recreate the 1796 campaign.", "from": "1798-02-06" }, { "id": "italy-consulate", "title": "Italy & the Consulate", "kicker": "Chapter 03 · 1800–02", "to": "1802-12-31", "description": "Lannes across the Alps and after Marengo; Bonaparte’s movement and bridge orders; Davout’s letters from Italy and to his family. Reports, intentions and private concerns share the timeline.", "from": "1800-05-15" }, { "id": "preparations", "title": "Camps & diplomacy", "kicker": "Chapter 04 · 1803–04", "from": "1803-08-28", "to": "1804-12-31", "description": "Davout’s appointment to the Bruges corps, coastal preparations and Lannes’s diplomacy. These sources distinguish a corps command from the later dignity of marshal; missing writing towns remain unplotted." }, { "id": "austerlitz", "title": "The road to Austerlitz", "kicker": "Chapter 05 · 1805", "from": "1805-01-01", "to": "1805-12-31", "description": "From recruitment and camps to the German campaign and Austerlitz: orders, contested intelligence, exhaustion, supplies and letters home." }, { "id": "autumn", "title": "Prussia, autumn 1806", "kicker": "Chapter 06 · 1806", "from": "1806-09-15", "to": "1806-11-27", "description": "Compare Davout and Lannes in the autumn campaign, with Napoleon’s direct correspondence alongside them. Shared letters connect the lanes as one document." }, { "id": "winter", "title": "The Polish winter", "kicker": "Chapter 07 · 1806–07", "from": "1806-11-28", "to": "1807-02-11", "description": "Davout’s trail continues through river crossings, supply and Eylau, alongside selected direct letters from Napoleon. Two 31 January extracts record Lannes’s illness and Berthier’s reply; his winter coverage remains sparse." }, { "id": "friedland-tilsit", "title": "Friedland & Tilsit", "kicker": "Chapter 08 · 1807", "from": "1807-02-12", "to": "1807-12-31", "description": "The final campaigning of 1807 and its aftermath, with unequal coverage across the three correspondents." }, { "id": "spain-1808", "title": "Spain & imperial reach", "kicker": "Chapter 09 · 1808", "from": "1808-01-01", "to": "1808-12-31", "description": "Lannes in Spain, and Davout’s commands in central Europe. These are parallel selections, not a single shared itinerary." }, { "id": "danube-1809", "title": "The Danube & Lannes’s end", "kicker": "Chapter 10 · 1809", "from": "1809-01-01", "to": "1809-12-31", "description": "From the siege of Zaragoza to the Austrian campaign. Lannes’s wounding and death close his service in May; Davout and Napoleon continue." }, { "id": "northern-commands", "title": "Northern commands", "kicker": "Chapter 11 · 1810–11", "from": "1810-01-01", "to": "1811-12-31", "description": "Administration, coastal control and preparations in northern Europe. Selected orders and reports retain their individual dates and origins." }, { "id": "russia-1812", "title": "Russia", "kicker": "Chapter 12 · 1812", "from": "1812-01-01", "to": "1812-12-31", "description": "Preparations, the advance and the retreat in selected letters. The map connects documented writing places, not daily troop movements." }, { "id": "hamburg-1813-14", "title": "Hamburg & the fall of empire", "kicker": "Chapter 13 · 1813–14", "from": "1813-01-01", "to": "1814-12-31", "description": "Davout’s northern command and Hamburg defence continue through the collapse of Napoleon’s first reign. No complete campaign narrative is implied." }, { "id": "last-service", "title": "The Hundred Days & handover", "kicker": "Chapter 14 · 1815", "from": "1815-01-01", "to": "1815-08-01", "description": "Davout as Minister of War and then commander of the Army of the Loire; Napoleon’s second abdication and Davout’s documented handover close the active-service trail." } ], "commandProfiles": [ { "id": "davout", "title": "A corps at Bruges", "primaryEventId": "davout-command-1803-08-28", "summary": "Davout already had an army cavalry command in 1800. The 1803 appointment gives a clear multi-division corps, before his marshal’s dignity.", "milestoneIds": [ "davout-command-1800-07-03", "davout-command-1803-08-28", "davout-command-1804-05-19" ], "letterId": "incoming-1803-08-29-berthier-davout", "to": "1804-12-31", "from": "1803-08-28", "serviceEnd": { "date": "1815-08-01", "eventId": "davout-loire-handover-1815", "label": "Handover to Macdonald", "shortLabel": "Army handed over", "summary": "Davout reports handing over the Army of the Loire that day. His later honours and peerage belong to a different chapter of his life.", "afterNote": "Davout’s last army handover is documented on 1 August 1815. Later civilian life and honours are outside this active-service trail.", "from": "1815-01-01", "to": "1815-08-01", "letterId": "davout-1830" } }, { "id": "lannes", "title": "Marshal, then corps commander", "primaryEventId": "command-lannes-1804-05-19", "summary": "The marshal’s appointment comes in 1804; his first formal numbered corps follows in 1805. His 1800 advance guard is kept as earlier experience.", "milestoneIds": [ "command-lannes-1804-05-19", "command-lannes-1805-03-22", "command-lannes-1805-10-08" ], "letterId": "incoming-1805-09-26-napoleon-lannes", "to": "1805-12-31", "from": "1804-05-19", "serviceEnd": { "date": "1809-05-31", "eventId": "service-lannes-1809-05-31-death", "label": "Wounded at Essling; death in Vienna", "shortLabel": "Died of his wounds", "summary": "Wounded on 22 May, Lannes died on 31 May. The final selected letters precede his wounding; no deathbed dialogue is invented.", "afterNote": "Lannes died on 31 May 1809 after being wounded at Essling on 22 May. This window is after his death, rather than a gap in an ongoing service.", "from": "1808-01-01", "to": "1809-05-31", "letterId": "lannes-1809-05-16-louise-lannes" } }, { "id": "napoleon", "title": "From the Interior to Italy", "primaryEventId": "command-napoleon-1795-10-26-interior", "summary": "Bonaparte’s first army command precedes Italy. The timeline separates the 1795 appointment, the 1796 Italian appointment and an early offensive decision.", "milestoneIds": [ "command-napoleon-1795-10-26-interior", "command-napoleon-1796-03-02-italy", "command-napoleon-1796-04-09-savona" ], "letterId": "incoming-1796-06-14-napoleon-lannes", "to": "1797-12-31", "from": "1795-10-26", "serviceEnd": { "date": "1815-06-22", "eventId": "service-napoleon-1815-06-22-abdication", "label": "The second abdication", "shortLabel": "Second abdication", "summary": "Napoleon’s authority as emperor ends after Waterloo. The selected direct exchanges stop before the abdication; later exile is outside this trail.", "afterNote": "Napoleon’s second abdication on 22 June 1815 ends the period of active command traced here. Exile correspondence is outside this selection.", "from": "1815-01-01", "to": "1815-06-22", "letterId": "incoming-1815-06-14-napoleon-davout" } } ], "readingProfiles": [ { "id": "napoleon-october-1806", "marshalId": "napoleon", "title": "October 1806: the campaign by dispatch", "periodLabel": "1–31 October 1806 · Napoleonica letters and retained reports", "summary": "Follow Napoleon’s instructions to Berthier, Davout, Lannes and Murat: bread ovens and road intelligence, the battle reports, broken courier relays and the pursuit beyond Berlin. Read these 65 Napoleonica letters alongside retained incoming reports. The batch adds 53 letters and links 12 existing letters to the modern edition. Older quotations remain beside their new comparisons; disputed dates, hours and places stay visible in the notes.", "to": "1806-10-31", "letterId": "napoleonica-cg6-13173", "readLabel": "Read the October dispatches ↓", "from": "1806-10-01" }, { "id": "berthier-headquarters", "marshalId": "berthier", "title": "Orders through headquarters", "periodLabel": "1805–07 · selected correspondence", "summary": "Follow Berthier’s instructions to Davout, Lannes and Murat alongside their reports back, and Napoleon’s October 1806 instructions to headquarters. This focused selection covers 1805–07; earlier and later letters already in the collection remain available under the whole trail. Its boundaries are research coverage, not the beginning or end of his service.", "from": "1805-01-01", "to": "1807-12-31", "letterId": "incoming-1806-10-23-berthier-davout" }, { "id": "murat-cavalry", "marshalId": "murat", "title": "With the cavalry", "periodLabel": "1805–07 · selected correspondence", "summary": "Read Murat’s reports from the field alongside orders from headquarters and exchanges with Davout and Lannes. Follow intelligence, crossings, pursuit and the supplies that make movement possible. This is a first campaign selection; his full career and later kingdom are outside it.", "from": "1805-01-01", "to": "1807-12-31", "letterId": "murat-1805-10-12-napoleon", "readLabel": "Read the cavalry letters ↓" } ] }